Waveform Processing Airborne Laser Scanner for Ultra Wide Area Mapping and High Productivity. NEW RIEGL VQ -78i online waveform processing as well as smart and full waveform recording excellent multiple target detection capability excellent suppression of atmospheric clutter Multiple-Time-Around (MTA) processing of up to 5 pulses simultaneously in the air high laser pulse repetition rate up to 1 MHz up to 666, measurements/sec on the ground parallel scan lines and uniform point distribution high-speed optical data link to RIEGL data recorder interface for GNSS time synchronization seamless integration and compatibility with other RIEGL ALS systems and software packages The new RIEGL VQ-78i is a high performance, rugged, lightweight, and compact airborne mapping sensor. This versatile system is designed for high efficient data acquisition at low, mid, and high altitudes, covering a variety of different airborne laser scanning applications from high density to ultra wide area mapping. High speed rotating mirror design ensures reliability, and uniform point distribution across its entire wide field of view and at all flying altitudes. Based on RIEGL s proven Waveform-LiDAR technology, the system provides clutter-free point clouds with high accuracy, excellent vertical target resolution, calibrated reflectance readings, and pulse shape deviation for unsurpassed information content on each single measurement. The system is complimented with RIEGL s advanced acquisition and data processing software suite that utilizes parallel computing (GPU) for fast data processing. The RIEGL VQ-78i is designed to work with the latest Inertial Navigation (IMU) Systems, flight management systems, and camera options. Applications: Ultra Wide Area / High Altitude Mapping High Point Density Mapping Mapping of Complex Urban Environments Glacier & Snowfield Mapping City Modeling Mapping of Lakesides & River Banks Agriculture & Forestry Corridor Mapping visit our website www.riegl.com Airborne Laser Scanning Preliminary Data Sheet
RIEGL VQ -78i Productivity The RIEGL VQ-78i Airborne Laser Scanner offers highest productivity. 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Productivity of the VQ-78i when using a typical fixed-wing aircraft, e.g. a DA4 MPP. For maximizing the productivity of the VQ-78i at low point densities an aircraft with a high maximum speed, e.g. up to 5 kn, is necessary. Very high point densities can be achieved when using the VQ-78i with a helicopter, e.g. an EC1. 1 5 1 15 5 Average Point Density [pts/m²] 3 35 4 45 5 Examples 1) Average Point Density 1 pts/m pts/m 4 pts/m 8 pts/m pts/m 3 pts/m Altitude AGL 75 ft 8 m 66 ft m 57 ft 174 m 3 ft 97 m 16 ft 49 m 115 ft 35 m Ground Speed 46 kn 196 kn 161 kn 145 kn 115 kn 16 kn 6 m 3 m m 11 m 56 m 41 m Productivity 96 km /h 67 km /h 48 km /h 4 km /h 96 km /h 64 km /h Measurement Rate ) 333 466 666 666 666 666 1) calculated for % target reflectivity and % stripe overlap ) The target detection rate is equal to the measurement rate for terrains offering only one target per laser pulse but may be much higher for vegetated areas. RIEGL VQ -78i Dense Scan Pattern and Wide Effective The RIEGL VQ-78i scanning mechanism based on a continuously rotating polygon mirror wheel delivers straight parallel scan lines resulting in a regular point pattern on the ground. With equal spatial sampling frequency along and across track, object extents are well defined and even small objects may be detected. The instrument is perfectly suited for applications where a superior point pattern on target surfaces is required. RIEGL VQ-78i point distribution The wide field of view and the multiple-time-around measurement capability of the RIEGL VQ-78i make the instrument perfectly suited for wide area mapping applications. The instrument has been designed for utmost efficiency in collecting data by enabling scanning operations from high altitudes at high laser pulse repetition rates simultaneously, reducing the necessary flight time to a minimum. 6 broad effective swath width Copyright RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH 17 All rights reserved. Preliminary Data Sheet
Measurement Range & Point Density RIEGL VQ -78i PRR = 5 khz, laser power level 1% 7 65 6 55 5 1 @ visibility 4 km 56 18 5 17 16 48 15 44 14 4 13.5 86 ft (6 m) 33 m 11 ft (38 m) 355 m 119 ft (363 m) 419 m 14 ft (47 m) 493 m 164 ft (5 m) 577 m 6 4 45 4 35 3 5 15 1 5 5 1 15 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 Example: VQ-78i at 5, pulses/sec, laser power level 1% Altitude = 11,9 ft AGL, Speed = 17 kn 36 3 8 4 16 1 Operating 1 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 8 3 4 1 1.5 1.5 86 ft 11 ft 119 ft 14 ft 164 ft 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Results: Point Density ~.46 pts/m² Area Acquisition Rate ~ 14 km²/h 3 48 6 8 96 1 4 PRR = 35 khz, laser power level 1% 65 6 55 5 45 5 4 3 1 @ visibility 4 km 5 48 44 4 36 17 16 15 14 13 1 4 3.5 3 75 ft (9 m) 64 m 89 ft (71 m) 313 m 15 ft (3 m) 37 m 15 ft (381 m) 44 m 148 ft (451 m) 51 m 6 168 4 4 35 3 5 15 1 3 8 4 16 1 3 8 5 4 1 5 1 15 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 Example: VQ-78i at 35, pulses/sec, laser power level 1% Altitude = 7,5 ft AGL, Speed = 11 kn Operating 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4.5 1.5 1.5 75 ft 89 ft 15 ft 15 ft 148 ft 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Results: Point Density ~ 1.56 pts/m² Area Acquisition Rate ~ 431 km²/h 68 336 448 67 84 11 1344 168 336 PRR = 5 khz, laser power level 1% 6 48 16 8 55 8 5 7 6 45 5 4 4 3 35 1 3 5 15 1 5 @ visibility 4 km 5 1 15 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 Example: VQ-78i at 5, pulses/sec, laser power level 1% Altitude = 9, ft AGL, Speed = 9 kn 44 4 36 3 8 4 16 1 8 4 Operating 15 14 13 1 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 7 6 5 4 3 1 63 ft ( m) m 75 ft (9 m) 64 m 9 ft (74 m) 317 m 17 ft (36 m) 377 m 18 ft (39 m) 45 m 63 ft 75 ft 9 ft 17 ft 18 ft 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Results: Point Density ~.3 pts/m² Area Acquisition Rate ~ 43 km²/h 6 137 16 4 3 48 64 93 1 The following conditions are assumed for the Operating ambiguity resolved by multiple-time-around (MTA) processing target size laser footprint average ambient brightness effective 58 roll angle ±5 Calculated under assumption of an angular step width of.1 and an aircraft speed higher than 1kn. Assumptions for calculation of the Area Acquisition Rate % overlap of neighboring flight strips. This overlap covers a roll angle of ±5 or a reduction of flight altitude AGL of %. Preliminary Data Sheet Copyright RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH 17 All rights reserved. 3
Measurement Range & Point Density RIEGL VQ -78i PRR = 7 khz, laser power level 1% 5 45 1 4 9 35 8 7 6 5 3 4 3 5 1 15 1 5 @ visibility 4 km 5 1 15 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 Example: VQ-78i at 7, pulses/sec, laser power level 1% Altitude = 7,8 ft AGL, Speed = 165 kn 4 36 3 8 4 16 1 8 4 Operating 13 1 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 1 8 6 4 53 ft (16 m) 187 m 64 ft (195 m) 5 m 78 ft (38 m) 75 m 95 ft (9 m) 334 m 115 ft (351 m) 45 m 53 ft 64 ft 78 ft 95 ft 115 ft 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Results: Point Density ~ pts/m² Area Acquisition Rate ~ 67 km²/h 6 134 168 4 336 448 537 67 896 1344 688 PRR = 1 khz, laser power level 1% Example: VQ-78i at 1,, pulses/sec, laser power level 1% Altitude = 5,4 ft AGL, Speed = 16 kn 5 4 13 45 @ visibility 4 km 36 1 8 4 7 6 3 11 5 1 35 4 3 8 9 1 3 4 8 9 8 5 7 7 6 5 6 4 3 16 5 1 15 1 4 1 8 3 5 4 1 5 1 15 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 Operating 18 16 14 1 1 8 6 4 44 ft 54 ft 66 ft 8 ft 98 ft 44 ft (134 m) 54 ft (165 m) 66 ft (1 m) 8 ft (44 m) 98 ft (99 m) 155 m 19 m 3 m 8 m 345 m 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Results: Point Density ~ 4.6 pts/m² Area Acquisition Rate ~ 451 km²/h 6 16 1 137 16 4 3 384 48 548 64 768 96 18 PRR = 1 khz, laser power level 5% 3 8 4 16 1 8 4 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 @ visibility 4 km 5 1 15 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 Example: VQ-78i at 1,, pulses/sec, laser power level 5% Altitude = 3,9 ft AGL, Speed = 9 kn 4 16 1 8 4 Operating 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 5 15 1 5 39 ft 48 ft 6 ft 75 ft 31 ft (84 m) 39 ft (119 m) 48 ft (146 m) 6 ft (183 m) 75 ft (9 m) 31 ft 19 m 137 m 169 m 11 m 64 m 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Results: Point Density ~ 1.5 pts/m² Area Acquisition Rate ~ 183 km²/h 6 64 96 18 4 3 384 48 548 768 96 The following conditions are assumed for the Operating ambiguity resolved by multiple-time-around (MTA) processing target size laser footprint average ambient brightness effective 58 roll angle ±5 Calculated under assumption of an angular step width of.1 and an aircraft speed higher than 1kn. Assumptions for calculation of the Area Acquisition Rate % overlap of neighboring flight strips. This overlap covers a roll angle of ±5 or a reduction of flight altitude AGL of %. 4 Copyright RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH 17 All rights reserved. Preliminary Data Sheet
Measurement Range & Point Density RIEGL VQ -78i PRR = 1 khz, laser power level 5% 4 6 3 18 1 6 5 4 1 @ visibility 4 km 5 1 15 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 Example: VQ-78i at 1,, pulses/sec, laser power level 5% Altitude =, ft AGL, Speed = 15 kn 16 1 8 4 Operating 6 5 4 3 1 4 35 3 5 15 1 5 ft 8 ft 35 ft 44 ft 56 ft ft (67 m) 8 ft (85 m) 35 ft (17 m) 44 ft (134 m) 56 ft (171 m) 77 m 99 m 13 m 155 m 197 m 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Results: Point Density ~ 15.9 pts/m² Area Acquisition Rate ~ 11 km²/h 6 3 38 64 77 96 18 74 3 384 548 768 PRR = 1 khz, laser power level 1% 18 15 1 9 6 3 1 @ visibility 4 km 5 1 15 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 Example: VQ-78i at 1,, pulses/sec, laser power level 1% Altitude = 1,8 ft AGL, Speed = 11 kn 1 8 4 Operating 4 3 1 6 5 4 3 1 18 ft 3 ft 3 ft 39 ft 14 ft (43 m) 18 ft (55 m) 3 ft (7 m) 3 ft (91 m) 39 ft (119 m) 14 ft 49 m 63 m 81 m 16 m 137 m 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Results: Point Density ~ 18.9 pts/m² Area Acquisition Rate ~ 13 km²/h 6 3 38 48 64 77 96 18 4 384 768 PRR = 1 khz, laser power level 6% 13 1 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 @ visibility 4 km 5 1 15 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 Example: VQ-78i at 1,, pulses/sec, laser power level 6% Altitude = 1, ft AGL, Speed = 1 kn 1 8 6 4 Operating 3 5 15 1 5 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 9 ft 16 ft ft 9 ft 1 ft 9 ft (7 m) 1 ft (37 m) 16 ft (49 m) ft (67 m) 9 ft (88 m) 3 m 4 m 56 m 77 m 1 m 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 Results: Point Density ~ 3.7 pts/m² Area Acquisition Rate ~ 6.5 km²/h 6 4 3 38 48 64 76 96 13 19 4 38 77 The following conditions are assumed for the Operating ambiguity resolved by multiple-time-around (MTA) processing target size laser footprint average ambient brightness effective 58 roll angle ±5 Calculated under assumption of an angular step width of.1 and an aircraft speed higher than 1kn. Assumptions for calculation of the Area Acquisition Rate % overlap of neighboring flight strips. This overlap covers a roll angle of ±5 or a reduction of flight altitude AGL of %. Preliminary Data Sheet Copyright RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH 17 All rights reserved. 5
RIEGL VQ -78i Main Dimensions all dimensions in mm 6 Copyright RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH 17 All rights reserved. Preliminary Data Sheet
Laser Product Classification Class 4 Laser Product according to IEC685-1:14 The following clause applies for instruments delivered into the United States: Complies with 1 CFR 14.1 and 14.11 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No. 5, dated June 4, 7. Technical Data RIEGL VQ -78i The instrument must be used only in combination with the appropriate laser safety box. Range Measurement Performance as a function of laser power setting, PRR, and target reflectivity Laser Power Level 1% Laser Pulse Repetition Rate (PRR) 1) 5 khz 35 khz 5 khz 7 khz 1 khz ) 3) Max. Measuring Range natural targets % 4 m 36 m 31 m 7 m 3 m natural targets 6 % 61 m 55 m 48 m 43 m 37 m Max. Operating Altitude 5 m 45 m 39 m 35 m 3 m Above Ground Level (AGL) ) 4) 164 ft 148 ft 18 ft 115 ft 98 ft NOHD 5) 7) 395 m 35 m 9 m 5 m m ENOHD 6) 7) 61 m 7 m 19 m 16 m 134 m Laser Power Level 5% 5% 1% 6% Laser Pulse Repetition Rate (PRR) 1) 1 khz 1 khz 1 khz 1 khz ) 3) Max. Measuring Range natural targets % 17 m 1 m 9 m 6 m natural targets 6 % 8 m 1 m 15 m 11 m Max. Operating Altitude 3 m 17 m 1 m 9 m Above Ground Level (AGL) ) 4) 75 ft 56 ft 39 ft 9 ft NOHD 5) 7) 14 m 95 m 6 m 4 m ENOHD 6) 7) 94 m 65 m 4 m 6 m 1) rounded average PRR ) Typical values for average conditions and average ambient brightness; in bright sunlight the operational range may be considerably shorter and the operational flight altitude may be considerably lower than under an overcast sky. 3) The maximum range is specified for flat targets with size in excess of the laser beam diameter, perpendicular angle of incidence, and for atmospheric visibility of 4 km. Range amiguities have to be resolved by multiple-time-around processing. 4) Typical values for reflectivity 6 %, max. effective 58, additional roll angle ± 5 5) Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance, based upon MPE according to IEC 685-1:14, for single line condition 6) Extended Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance, based upon MPE according to IEC 685-1:14, for single line condition 7) NOHD and ENOHD have been calculated for a typical angular step width of.1 (which means non-overlapping laser footprints), and an aircraft speed higher than 1 kn. NOHD and ENOHD increase when using overlapping laser footprints which may be intended e.g. for power line mapping. Minimum Range 8) 1 m 9) 1) Accuracy mm 1) 11) Precision mm Laser Pulse Repetition Rate up to 1 MHz Effective Measurement Rate up to 666 khz @ 6 scan angle Echo Signal Intensity provided for each echo signal Laser Wavelength near infrared Laser Beam Divergence.18 mrad @ 1/e 1),.5 mrad @ 1/e² 13) Number of Targets per Pulse with online waveform processing: practically unlimited monitoring data output: first pulse Scanner Performance Scanning Mechanism rotating polygon mirror Scan Pattern parallel scan lines Scan Angle Range ± 3 = 6 Total Scan Rate 16) - 3 lines/sec Angular Step Width 17) 18).6 Angle Measurement Resolution.1 14) 15) 8) Limitation for range measurement capability, does not consider laser safety issues! The minimum range for valid reflectivity values is 5 m. 9) Accuracy is the degree of conformity of a measured quantity to its actual (true) value. 1) Standard deviation one sigma @ 5 m range under RIEGL test conditions. 11) Precision, also called reproducibility or repeatability, is the degree to which further measurements show the same result. 1) Measured at the 1/e points..18 mrad correspond to an increase of 18 cm of beam diameter per 1 m distance. 13) Measured at the 1/e points..5 mrad correspond to an increase of 5 cm of beam diameter per 1 m distance. 14) Depending on laser pulse repetition rate, up to a max. of 15 targets per laser pulse. 15) If the laser beam hits, in part, more than one target, the laser s pulse power is split accordingly. Thus, the achievable range is reduced. 16) The minimum scan rate depends on the selected laser PRR. 17) The minimum angular step width depends on the selected laser PRR. 18) The maximum angular step width is limited by the maximum scan rate. Technical Data to be continued at page 1 Preliminary Data Sheet Copyright RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH 17 All rights reserved. 7
Technical Data RIEGL VQ -78i (continued) Data Interfaces Configuration Monitoring Data Output Digitized Data Output Synchronization Camera interface General Technical Data Power Supply / Current Consumption Main Dimensions (length x width x height) Weight Protection Class Max. Altitude operating / not operating Temperature Range operation / storage TCP/IP Ethernet (1/1/1 MBit/s) TCP/IP Ethernet (1/1/1 MBit/s) High-speed serial data link to RIEGL Data Recorder DR156(i) Serial RS3 interface, TTL input for 1 pps synchronization pulse, accepts different data formats for GNSS-time information x power, RS3, 1 pps, trigger, exposure 18-3 V DC / typ. 14 W 45 mm x 1 mm x 331 mm approx. kg IP54 185 ft (56 m) above MSL 1) / 185 ft (56 m) above MSL -5 C up to +4 C / -1 C up to +5 C 1) Mean Sea Level RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH Riedenburgstraße 48 358 Horn, Austria Phone: +43 98 411 Fax: +43 98 41 office@riegl.co.at www.riegl.com Copyright RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH 17 All rights reserved. Use of this data sheet other than for personal purposes requires RIEGL s written consent. This data sheet is compiled with care. However, errors cannot be fully excluded and alternations might be necessary. RIEGL USA Inc. Orlando, Florida info@rieglusa.com www.rieglusa.com RIEGL Japan Ltd. Tokyo, Japan info@riegl-japan.co.jp www.riegl-japan.co.jp RIEGL China Ltd. Beijing, China info@riegl.cn www.riegl.cn www.riegl.com Preliminary Data Sheet, RIEGL VQ-78i, 17-9-1