УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION TOM VII (1) 2011 VOL. VII (1) 2011 FACTORS PROVIDING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE Oleksiy Shvedchykov ФАКТОРИ, ОСИГУРЯВАЩИ УСТОЙЧИВО РАЗВИТИЕ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕТО Алекси Шведчиков ABSTRACT: The classification of factors of the external environment has proposed. The obtained results allow to conduct the quantitative and qualitative estimation of the external environment factors impact on the sustainable development components of the enterprise. Key words: Factor, External environment, Influence, Sustainable development, Enterprise. Introduction The functioning enterprise is under influence of numerous factors of external and internal environments. In this case, the external environment is defined as a set of active business subjects, economic, social and environmental conditions, national and state institutional structures, as well as other external conditions and factors operating around the enterprise and influence on various aspects of its activities. By foreign researches established that in the countries with transitive economy 2/3 reasons of an insolvency of the enterprises are caused by an influence of external factors, and 1/3 by internal reasons connected with its industrial (production) and economic activities of the enterprise. In developed countries with steady political and economic system, this proportion will be reversing (Antonova 2004, p.3). In this regard for the Ukrainian enterprises which majority is at a transitive stage to market conditions of managing, constant monitoring of factors of an external environment and a corresponding estimation of degree of their negative influence is vital. Problem statement Structural transformations in the various industries, occurring recently, investment, eurointegration and privatization processes in a society staticized tasks on research of the enterprises as independent industrial and economic systems from the standpoint of system analysis, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis of the influence of the external environment factors on results of their activity. Researches of analysis methods of activity, condition, prospects and factors of enterprises development are presented in (Kaldaru H. and Parts Е.; Ruhli 1990). Works (Fatuha 2010, Alekseenko 2008) are devoted to research of the external environment factors of and their specific impact on enterprises taking into account its industry specification. Allocation of general and operative external environments where the last has the branch value, has conducted in (Belozercev 2005, p.200). The general external environment unites regional and local factors of individual influence on each enterprise of industry. In research (Nikolayeva 2006) a factors for performance of enterprises appraisal is offered to divide on internal which, in turn, are subdivided into the basic both nonbasic, and external. By the degree of influence on the development of enterprise external environment factors are allocated as follows: financial factors (their specific weight in a general characteristic of stability of the enterprise, for opinions of experts, constitutes 32 %), economic (28 %), production-technological (24 %) and ecological (16 %) factors. The analysis of the external factors which influence on development of organization culture in the conditions of industrial enterprise is presented in work (Fatuha 2010). At the same time balancing the positive and negative displays of external factors is one of the main goals of the organizational culture. Among major factors of an external environment which influence on organization culture of the enterprise is allocated: branch factors, national culture and mentality, the investment climate, the legislation, the international situation, scientific and technical progress. Preliminary analysis of the factors of sustainable development of the enterprise is given in (Alekseenko 2008, p.62). External factors of sustainable development are divided into economic (in particular, the growth in national income, inflation reduction, acceleration of payments, the 53
stability of the tax system), market (in particular, increased demand, the stability of the currency market), and other factors (political stability, positive demographic trends, improving the crime situation). Sustainable economic development is a phenomenon that has its own factors. The analysis of references (Alekseenko 2008) testifies to absence of enough of publications on illumination and a complex estimation of factors of the external environment influencing on a sustainable development of industrial enterprise. Still remain are undetermined questions on revealing of special features of sustainable development factors acting from an external environment of the enterprise, development and system classification of such factors. Proceeding from it, an objective of this research is determination of features of the factors influencing on a sustainable development of industrial enterprise from an external environment of managing, and classification of these factors. A special features of sustainable development factors In the historical-philosophical and sociological literature the word factor (from lat. factor one that does or produces) is determined as the driving force behind any process, phenomenon, determining its character and separate features. In today's economic dictionary the term "factor" is presented in such interpretations (Raizberg 1999, p. 363): 1) one of the resources of the enterprise production (land, labor, capital); 2) the driving force of economic and industrial processes that have an influence on the result of production and economic activity. For a basis of the further researches we take the generalized determination of concept "the factor", resulted in work (Belopolskiy 1997, p.85): the factor is actually existing reality, possessing certain versions of substances, energy and the information, is a motive power, capable to change system and environments. In order to classify possible distinctions of different kinds of the factors influencing on a sustainable development of the enterprise it is necessary to define also concepts "enterprise" and "sustainable development of the enterprise". Enterprise is a difficult, open and artificial industrial and economic system, energy and power capacity of which are intended for use of substances and energy (raw materials, energy, etc.), borrowed from the external environment, capable to carry out the functions taking into account specific features of territory where it is located, for the purpose of creation of the necessary material benefits intended for public use. In the context of the research under the sustainable development of the enterprise we will understand long-term process of transition from one relatively sustainable condition to another thanks to influence and interaction of development factors and by use of development potential. Taking into account the above-stated, can be allocated such special features of the external environment factors of the enterprise affecting on its sustainable development. Factor is a vector size (Belopolskiy 1997, p. 101). Positive value promotes to the development and improvement of systems, and a negative leading to destructive processes. Therefore, external environment factors influencing on sustainable development in its totality should have a positive orientation, promote to increasing of enterprises viability. Positive factors of a sustainable development concern to a system-forming category, that is such which promote to strengthening of enterprise internal communications, its internal information orderliness (increase negentropy), and also to complication of systems (Nikolayeva 2006). In turn, positive factors have certain limits of its influence behind which activation of negative factors is possible. Besides, process of enterprise sustainable development (unlike steady economic growth) during the certain moments of time can have zero or negative values within general positive dynamics. All it specifies on necessity of monitoring of external environment factors for the purpose of timely revealing and elimination of influence of negative tendencies. Therefore, the following feature of sustainable development factors is their controllability. The sustainable development is a long process which occurs in the present, but is focused on the future. Sustainable development process is influenced also by factors which acted last years. Transition of the enterprise from the one relatively steady condition to another is a consequence of the accumulative connection of the conditions, which have developed under the influence of factors of an external environment of last years. So if not to consider influence of factors which are caused by modern level of eurointegration processes in the country, considering them to be premature, in the future it may lead to complication of the situation, for example, with personnel provision of the enterprises in connection with possible revival of labor migration. Given this, a characteristic feature of the factors of sustainable development of the enterprise 54
should consider the accumulative nature of their actions. Thus, in the course of research following features of the external environment factors influencing on a sustainable development of industrial organization, in particular are revealed: a positive orientation, controllability of factors, system-forming and accumulative character of their action. Classification of the external environment factors For a better understanding of external environment factors influencing on the sustainable development of enterprises contributes its classification. Classification (from lat. classis category, class, and facio to do) the separation of a set of objects (elements) of any nature in groups (subsets) (Shinkarenko 2002, p.268). Classifications consider as means of the organization of theoretical researches that allows establishing regularity and interdependence of actions of factors. Factors in the economic analysis can be classified on different signs. On speed of changes and selectivity of influence it is possible to allocate passive and active factors of influence. Passive factors cover mainly general terms of natural, social, political, historical or general technical character, in particular: a surrounding environment, geopolitical position; general level of a science and technology; general level of technical awareness of the population; historically caused orientation of the country to the certain markets (Bachevskiy 2009, p. 74). Active factors are the major elements of an external environment because they are active concerning other elements of an external environment and the object itself. As a whole allocation of such factors of influence of an external environment is possible: a political climate; foreign policy; technical, tax, state customs policies; outlet and supply markets; the information markets; an environment production infrastructure; a social infrastructure; financial market; the economic legislation. Positive orientation Controllability System-forming character Accumulative effect FACTORS FEATURES THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM THE MANAGING EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT By kinds of sustainability of the enterprises Economical Ecological Political and legal Natural Financial Informational Technological Social By level of factors displaying Global Regional Branch Fig. 1. Classification of the external environment factors According to a research objective it is offered the factors of a sustainable development influencing on the enterprise from an external environment, to divide into groups taking into account the sustainable development concept (Fig. 1). As it is known, the sustainable development concept is multi-level and multidimensional. It is the result of combining of the tradi- 55
tional three basic components: economic, social and environmental, next to which emit some others, such as political, legal and international information, etc. On the other hand, consideration of the concept of a sustainable development occurs at different hierarchical levels: global, regional and branch. By kinds of stability of the enterprises (Fig. 1) is offered to consider following groups of factors: economic, financial, political, legal, informational, environmental, technological, natural, social. In view of that scientifically reasonable classification of the enterprises stability kinds isn't developed yet the offered classification of factors should be consider open for the further specifications and additions. On hierarchical level of display factors are subdivided into factors of global and regional levels and on factors of branch specificity. Classification of factors by kinds of sustainability of the enterprises is presented in Table 1. It is a basis for the further analysis of factors which influence on enterprise sustainable development. Conclusion The factors of an external environment which influence on a sustainable development of the enterprise are characterized by some common features. The features of these factors which should be considered at their analysis are presented in research. The proposed classification of sustainable development is open for the further improvement. It gives the opportunity to separate the basic indicators for an estimation of enterprise sustainable development that is the purpose of the further researches. Table 1. The factors of an external environment of industrial enterprise Group Economical Ecological Political and legal Financial Natural Informational Technological Social Factors of the external environment Financing sources; market supply and demand; public policy of industry development; investment policy; access to new market outlets Ecological situation in region; availability of nature protection programs and projects. The tax legislation; ground cadastres; level of political stability; strategy of national development. Taxation system; volumes, conditions and crediting periods; pricing. Surrounding environment; a site; geological, geodetic, topological, seismic and other characteristics of territory. Degree of development of interorganizational information systems; the licensing and patenting mechanism. Level of science and technology development; specific weight of progressive technologies in industry; demand for new items in the world and external markets. Cultural and educational level of the population; sex and age structure of population, population density area, the structure of the population according to nationality, level of social infrastructure. References 1. Antonova, O.V. 2004. Management of a crisis state of the organization (enterprise). Moscow: UNITY-DANA. 2. Alekseenko N.V. 2008. Enterprise sustainable development as the factor of economic growth of region, Eokonomika i organszatia upravlinnya, 3, pp.59-65. 3. Bachevskiy, B.E., S.V. Zablodskaya, E.A.Reshetnyak. 2009. Potential and development of enterprises. Kiev: The center of the educational literature. 4. Belopolskiy N.G. 1997. Environika a science about development and improvement of society and world. Donetsk-Mariupol: IEP NAN of Ukraine. 56 5. Belozercev R.V. 2005. Estimation of influence of factors of environment on functioning of the coal-mining enterprises, Naukovi praci DonNTU, Economical seria, 100-1, pp.198-207. 6. Fatuha N.G. Stability of the enterprise of manufacture of building materials at the present stage. http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/ Ekpr/2010_36/Zmist/27PDF.pdf. 7. Kaldaru H. and Parts Е. Social and institutional factors of economic development: evidence from Europe. http://www.biceps.org/files /Article%201%20pp%2029-52.pdf.Kaldaru H. and Parts Е. Social and institutional factors of economic development: evidence from Europe. http://www.biceps.org/files /Article%201%20pp%2029-52.pdf.
8. Nikolayeva E.S. Approaches to an estimation of a sustainable development of petrotransport company (by means of the multiple-factor analysis). http://ej.kubagro.ru/2006/04/05/. 9. Raizberg, B.A. 1999. Modern economic dictionary. Moscow: INFRA-M. 10. Ruhli, E., 1990. Planning systems. In: Grochla, E., Gaugler E. (Ed.), Handbook of German business management. Stuttgart, Poeschel, Springer, pp. 1732-1743. 11. Shinkarenko, V.F. 2002. Bases of the theory of evolution of electromechanical systems. Kiev: Naukova dumka. Oleksiy Shvedchykov The East Ukrainian National University named after Volodymyr Dahl Taxation Department Address: 20a, kv. Molodezhniy, Lugansk, 91034, Ukraine e-mail: pashaleto@mail.ru 57