BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PILANI, DUBAI CAMPUS, DUBAI INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CITY DUBAI I SEM 212-213 IMAGE PROCESSING EA C443 (ELECTIVE) COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION WEIGHTAGE 4%, MAX MARKS 4, TIME 3 HOURS, DATE 1-1-213 Note : Answer all the questions Q.1 Exponentials of the form 2 αr e, with α positive constant, are useful for constructing smooth intensity transformation functions. Start with this basic function and construct transformations having the general shapes shown in the following figures. The constant shown are input parameters, and your proposed transformation must include them in their specifications. 9M Q.2 Explain the following i. Histogram equalization ii. Contrast stretching Q.3 Given following 4x4 image, 6M 1M 8 4 4 5 6 8 2 2 8 6 5 4 1 6 5 3 Apply unsharp masking and high boost filtering on the image. Q.4 Explain following properties of 2D Discrete Fourier Transform i. Seperability property ii. Shifting property 4M Q.5 Apply Harmonic mean filter on the following 3x3 image. 2 2 1 1 25 2 3 2 2 Q.6 What is Fourier slice theorem? Explain 6M 5M
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PILANI, DUBAI CAMPUS, DUBAI INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CITY DUBAI I SEM 212-213 IMAGE PROCESSING EA C443 (ELECTIVE) COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION WEIGHTAGE 4%, MAX MARKS 4, TIME 3 HOURS, DATE 1-1-213 Q. 1 8 Q. 2 Explain the following i. Histogram equalization 4
ii. Contrast stretching Q. 3 Steps involved in unsharp masking and highboost filtering is 1. Blur the original image 2. Subtract the blurred image from the original to get a image called as mask image 3. Add the mask to the original. Blurred image is given by 3 4 3 1 4 6 4 2 4 5 5 2 2 3 3 2 Mask=original image blurred image 5 1 4 2 2-2 4 1 2-1 3 2 1 Resulting image=original image + K*mask K=1, it is unsharp masking
13 4 5 9 8 1 2 12 7 5 6 9 7 4 For high boost filtering k>1, let k=2 18 4 6 16 1 12-2 2 16 8 5 8-1 12 9 5 Q. 4 Q. 5 Harmonic mean filter is given by f mn 1 g( ( s,t ) s,t ) Note : Answer all the questions
ID No. Name: BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PILANI, DUBAI CAMPUS, DUBAI INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CITY DUBAI I SEM 212-213 EA C443 IMAGE PROCESSING (ELECTIVE) QUIZ 1 (CLOSED BOOK) WEIGHTAGE 3%, MAX MARKS 6, TIME 1 MINUTES Note : Answer all the questions 1. Following 2x2, 4 bit image segment is given, sketch the second bit plane [1M] 5 8 ans : 12 15 2. Given following 4 histograms, identify the nature of its image. [2M] Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : 3. Following 8x8 image need to be median filtered, find (5,5), (6,5) pixels of the median filtered image. 6 7 8 9 5 6 8 2 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 1 4 2 5 6 7 8 6 6 7 4 8 5 5 8 3 9 3 8 9 7 8 9 8 9 7 7 8 4 4 5 1 2 3 5 7 9 7 8 9 8 4. Given following 2x2, image find the 2D DFT [2M] 4 5 3 2 [1M]
BITS PILANI DUBAI CAMPUS MATLAB IMPLEMENTATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING ALGORITHMS EA C443 IMAGE PROCESSING (ELECTIVE) MAX MARKS : 8, PERCENTAGE WEIGHTAGE : 8% ; Time 3 Minutes Q. No. 1) Write a MATLAB program to read an image and do the following. (4) 1. get the negative of the image 2. display the histogram and equalize it 3. Intensity level slicing 4. bit level slicing Note : Use case statement to do the selection among all the above choices Q. No 2) enhance the following image to better image, use more than one image enhancement techniques. (4)
BITS PILANI DUBAI CAMPUS MATLAB IMPLEMENTATION 2 OF IMAGE PROCESSING ALGORITHMS EA C443 IMAGE PROCESSING (ELECTIVE) MAX MARKS : 7, PERCENTAGE WEIGHTAGE : 7% ; Time 3 Minutes Given an image file with hidden text into it,write a MATLAB program to extract the message from the image. Note: Image file is already available in the share directory of the system clc; clear all; close all; data3=imread('watimage1.bmp'); [row col]=size(data3); imshow(data3); alldata=[]; n=1; for k=1:9, % if (k==row) % col=colend; % else % col=len3; % end for m=1:col, alldata(n)=data3(k,m); n=n+1; end end for i=1:n-1, alldata(i)=bitand(alldata(i),1); end alldata=double(alldata); alldata=alldata; len1=length(alldata); %get the 8bit data by selecting every 8 bits a_text=[]; in1=1;in2=7; for cnt=1:len1-1, a_text=[a_text ; alldata(in1:in2)]; in1=in2+1; in2=in2+7; end % Reconstruct the text
a_text=48+a_text; c_text=char(a_text); btd_text=bin2dec(c_text); text2=btd_text'; text2=char(text2); disp('extracted text'); text2 Results Extracted text text2 = BITS PILANI DUBAI CAMPUS IMAGE PROCESSING ELECTIVE QUIZ 2/MATLAB IMPLEMENTATION ON 5-11-212
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PILANI, DUBAI CAMPUS, DUBAI INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CITY DUBAI I SEM 212-213 IMAGE PROCESSING EA C443 (ELECTIVE) TEST 1 (CLOSED BOOK) ANSWERING SCHEME WEIGHTAGE 25%, MAX MARKS 25, TIME 5 MINUTES, DATE 7-11-212 Q.1 Given following 4x4 image, perform the second derivative on the same 6 8 9 3 5 6 8 2 4 6 7 8 2 3 5 6 Answering scheme: The mask for the second order derivative on the image is given by 1 1-4 1 1 2M When we implement the spatial filtering using above filter mask, we get the second derivative of the image. -11-11 -17-1 -4 3-8 11-3 -4-1 -17-1 1-4 -11 3M Q.2 Explain the following i. Grey level slicing Output Intensity Output Intensity 2M Input Intensity Input Intensity These work on ranges of intensity levels by highlighting a specific range of grey levels in an image by brightening the levels in the area of interest. Used to enhance the features of an image in satellite imagery, and enhancing floors in x-ray images ii. Contrast stretching Produce an image of higher contrast than the original by darkening/lightning levels below/above
Output Intensity 2M Input Intensity iii. Bit plane slicing 2M In terms of bit-plane extraction for an 8-bit image, it is not difficult to show that the (binary) image for bit-plane 7 can be obtained by processing the input image with a thresholding gray-level transformation function that (1) maps all levels in the image between and 127 to one level (for example, ); and (2) maps all levels between 129 and 255 to another (for example, 255). The binary image for bit-plane 7 in Fig. Q.3 Given following 8x8 image which is having 16 grey levels, draw the histogram of the image and perform histogram equalization. 9 9 9 1 9 7 1 7 7 7 9 7 8 7 1 1 8 8 8 8 1 9 9 9 1 1 8 8 9 9 7 9 7 9 1 9 1 8 7 8 1 9 7 7 1 1 1 7 9 7 1 9 8 9 7 9 8 8 1 7 9 9 8 7 Histogram of the image is 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2
Histogram equalization. symb freq P r (r k ) G(z q ) G(z) s s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 16.25 3.75 4 s8 13.2 6.75 7 s9 2.31 11.4 11 s1 15.24 15 15 s11 15 15 s12 15 15 s13 15 15 s14 15 15 s15 15 15 G( z G( z q ) ) ( L 1) 15 i i z q i z p ( z ) p ( z ) i Resulting histogram after the equalization is 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 Q.4 Given following 3x3 image 8 1 8 8 and the filter mask -1 2-1 -1 2-1 -1 2-1 perform the filter operation -14 31-16 -22 47-24 -14 31-16 5M
Q.5 Write the equation for 2D DFT and its inverse? Explain its seperability property F(u, v) f(x,y) N 1 N 1 x y f ( x, y)exp 2 j ( ux N vy) N 1N 1 j2π ux N vy N.N 1 F(u,v)e u v 1 1 The two dimensional DFT is separable into two one dimensional DFTs which can be implemented with an FFT algorithm 2
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PILANI, DUBAI CAMPUS, DUBAI INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CITY DUBAI I SEM 212-213 IMAGE PROCESSING EA C443 (ELECTIVE) TEST 1 (CLOSED BOOK) WEIGHTAGE 25%, MAX MARKS 25, TIME 5 MINUTES, DATE 7-11-212 Note : Answer all the questions Q.1 Given following 4x4 image, perform the second derivative on the same 5M 6 8 9 3 5 6 8 2 4 6 7 8 2 3 5 6 Q.2 Explain the following i. Grey level slicing ii. Contrast stretching iii. Bit plane slicing Q.3 Given following 8x8 image which is having 16 grey levels, draw the histogram of the image and perform histogram equalization. 6M 5M 9 9 9 1 9 7 1 7 7 7 9 7 8 7 1 1 8 8 8 8 1 9 9 9 1 1 8 8 9 9 7 9 7 9 1 9 1 8 7 8 1 9 7 7 1 1 1 7 9 7 1 9 8 9 7 9 8 8 1 7 9 9 8 7 Q.4 Given following 3x3 image 8 1 8 8 and the filter mask -1 2-1 -1 2-1 -1 2-1 perform the filter operation 5M Q.5 Write the equation for 2D DFT and its inverse? Explain its seperability property 4M
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PILANI, DUBAI CAMPUS, DUBAI INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CITY DUBAI I SEM 212-213 IMAGE PROCESSING EA C443 (ELECTIVE) TEST 2 (OPEN BOOK) WEIGHTAGE 2%, MAX MARKS 2, TIME 5 MINUTES, DATE 19-12-212 Note : Answer all the questions Q.1 A blur filter is given by h( m, n).15.5.1.1.1.1 find the deblur filter using Weiner filter approach with σ 2 x =2 and σ 2 w =1 Weiner filter is given by Q.2 Given following 8x8, 3 bit image, G( u, v).5.1.1.15 * H ( u, v) H ( u, v) 2 2 w 2 x 6M 6M 2 6 3 7 6 4 5 5 6 4 7 3 5 1 3 4 1 3 1 1 5 2 7 1 3 3 2 3 5 1 6 1 2 6 4 6 2 4 1 7 1 2 1 2 3 2 7 5 7 1 4 7 1 1 6 Find i. Entropy of the image ii. Compress the image using Huffman coding iii. Compute the compression achieved and the effectiveness of the Huffman coding Page 1 of 2
Q.3 Consider following figure 5 a) Explain why the Hough mapping of point 1 in above figure, is a straight line b) Is this only point that produce that result? Explain c) Explain the reflective adjacency relationship illustrated in the following figure. Q.4 What is Radon transform? Explain 3 Page 2 of 2