Simulation of Passenger Evacuation using a NAPA Model J. Ala-Peijari, P. Berseneff (STX Europe) U. Langbecker (GL), A. Metsä (NAPA) Page 1
Outline Introduction Model Creation Evacuation Simulation Sample Case Conclusions Page 3
Introduction Development project within SAFEDOR Specification for the systems integration Interfacing facility Parametric model for optimising Validation with realistic sample model Page 4
Aims of the development => Prototype for applying 3D design model for simulation and optimisation of evacuation and mustering process => Optimisation of the process requires (Partially) parametric ship model Common data model and communication between specific applications Page 5
Introduction Original work was within SAFEDOR project by the following partners tasks STX Europe Napa GL BMT Group SIREHNA - Specifications and design - The ship model - Simulation facility - The population model - Optimisation Page 6
Introduction Project application case a passenger ship design by STX Cruise France Page 7
Model Creation NAPA compartment & outfit model used HULL model was available but the level of details was not sufficient GA drawings were used as basis for the model development Drawings were in DWG format Page 8
Model Creation Steps in this case study 1. Create a detailed ship model AutoCAD GA drawings imported to NAPA»Detailed ship model - fast 2. Define equipment objects (in NAPA Outfit) Cabins, Doors, LSA, Stairs 3. Assign all equipment objects into ship model According to GA NAPA Basic macros created to fasten up the process 4. Model other passenger movement disturbing surfaces AutoCAD GA drawings imported to NAPA Page 9
Model Creation Steps in this case study 1. Create a detailed ship model AutoCAD GA drawings imported to NAPA»Detailed ship model - fast 2. Define equipment objects (in NAPA Outfit) Cabins, Doors, LSA, Stairs 3. Assign all equipment objects into ship model According to GA NAPA Basic macros created to fasten up the process 4. Model other passenger movement disturbing surfaces AutoCAD GA drawings imported to NAPA Page 10
1. Create a detailed ship model GA drawings were in.dwg format Room contours drawn into.dwg files Used a separate layer Save created layers in.dxf format Import.dxf drawing to NAPA Use FROM DXF command Contours were imported as curves Page 11
1. Create a detailed ship model 2. DXF curves 1. AutoCAD DWG Page 12
1. Create a detailed ship model Create rooms from imported contour curves Geometry editor and macros were used Straightforward process Page 13
1. Create a detailed ship model 3. NAPA surfaces & rooms 2. DXF curves Page 14
Model Creation Steps in this case study 1. Create a detailed ship model AutoCAD GA drawings imported to NAPA» Detailed ship model - fast 2. Define equipment objects (in NAPA Outfit) Cabins, Doors, LSA, Stairs 3. Assign all equipment objects into ship model According to GA NAPA Basic macros created to fasten up the process 4. Model other passenger movement disturbing surfaces AutoCAD GA drawings imported to NAPA Page 15
2. Define equipment objects Equipment object Useful feature in NAPA to handle outfit objects Objects can be parametric Useful features to define locations of objects in a ship model Can relate to XYZ coordinates or to other objects Enables fast modeling process Object types can define Geometry Weight (mass and cg) Price etc. Page 16
2. Define equipment objects Example of an outfit object a cabin 10 different types of passenger cabins in the case vessel Only one parametric cabin geometry was needed! Parametric cabin L x W x H Page 17
Model Creation Steps in this case study 1. Create a detailed ship model AutoCAD GA drawings imported to NAPA» Detailed ship model - fast 2. Define equipment objects (in NAPA Outfit) Cabins, Doors, LSA, Stairs 3. Assign all equipment objects into ship model According to GA NAPA Basic macros created to fasten up the process 4. Model other passenger movement disturbing surfaces AutoCAD GA drawings imported to NAPA Page 18
3. Assign all equipment objects into ship model Simple macros were created to fasten up the modeling process Several cabins could be inserted at the same time if repeatability was found Page 19
3. Assign all equipment objects into ship model Single parametric cabin L x W x H CAB_ D9_11 Page 20
Model Creation Steps in this case study 1. Create a detailed ship model AutoCAD GA drawings imported to NAPA» Detailed ship model - fast 2. Define equipment objects (in NAPA Outfit) Cabins, Doors, LSA, Stairs 3. Assign all equipment objects into ship model According to GA NAPA Basic macros created to fasten up the process 4. Model other passenger movement disturbing surfaces AutoCAD GA drawings imported to NAPA Page 21
Model Creation 4. Parametric objects Stairs 3. NAPA surfaces & rooms Doors (& connection) Cabins Lifeboats 2. DXF curves 1. AutoCAD DWG Page 22
Evacuation Simulation To ensure, verify and document compliance with regulations According to IMO MSC Circ. 1033: Regulatory requirements for passenger and crew Evacuation time (from muster stations to LSA < 30 minutes) Congestion zones To optimise design and operation General deck layout Local geometric elements (cabins, doors width & location, furniture) Operational procedures (routes, number of groups, delays between groups, ) To perform systematic parameter studies (advanced) Page 23
Requirements for the Use Case General Quick check: immediate feedback in terms of safety performance after modifications to the ship model Convenient assignment of people to groups, mustering stations, and LSA Formulate operational constraints by adjusting of starting times & delays between groups Simulate a large number of scenarios to cover all relevant cases mustering / evacuation primary / secondary, day / night whole ship / main vertical zones / areas Overall goal: Improve safety by maximizing time to escape Page 24
Use Case Scenario Definition Mustering stations Routes Page 25
Common Evacuation Data Model Page 26
Evacuation Markup Language 2.0 common markup language for evacuation data (XML based) easy validation of data interfaces can be implemented by different tools Page 27
AENEAS Toolset xml2pg preprocessor for XML input data AENEASed interactive editor: definition and modification of geometry and scenarios AENEASsim core simulation engine AENEAScontrol configure and control running the core engine in batch mode AENEAS Viewer visualise 3D results convert simulate analyse Page 28
Algorithm and Principles Microscopic Simulation Multi Agent Model discrete space discrete time Simple uniform movement algorithm 0,025 0,02 0,015 0,01 Person Behaviour defined by Walking speed Patience Orientation Response Duration Dawdle Probability Sway Probability Clustering Probability distributions for each variable 0,005 Page 29 0 0 20 40 60 80 100
Geometric Model Geometry Discretisation Orientation Page 30 Approach based on cells (0.4 x 0.4 m) each cell is accessible or non-accessible special cells for stairs and doors
Evacuation Simulation Person position and behaviour described by random variables Requires a large number of simulations for statistical significance of results Single runs useful for illustration purposes Page 31
Simulation Results ASCII files time series for subsequent analysis Density plots identification of congested areas Graphics, diagrams and animations (2D, 3D) position and speed of agents at defined intervals can be visualised externally Page 32
Examples Mustering 2 decks within a firezone Evacuation 8 groups from a single deck to LSA Page 34
Conclusions Tight integration between NAPA and AENEAS demonstrated Model once, reuse many times after small modifications Standardised data model in domain specific language EvacML 2.0 Both tools were extended by batch mode capabilities Prototype solution is operable and produces simulation results as expected further validation within real life projects SAFEDOR project finished, open for new interest serves good base for further utilisation Page 35
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