Résistance des matériaux : Traction-Compression. La résistance est la force maximale que peut supporter une pièce par unité de surface sans casser.

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Construction Mécanique MECANIQUE APPLIQUEE L.P. AULNOYE COURS Résistance des matériaux : Traction-Compression Page 1 1. Résistance La résistance est la force maximale que peut supporter une pièce par unité de surface sans casser. 2. Différentes sollicitations simples a : traction ou extension b : compression 3. Contraintes de traction et de compression Pour a et b Contrainte = force surface force en newton N surface en mm² contrainte en N/mm² ou MPa Pour a et b la contrainte est appelée contrainte normale de traction (compression) symbole σ(c) (sigma). 4. Condition de Résistance et coefficient de sécurité s ou k a- courbe d'essai de traction b- formules σ = F Rpe = Re = S = s Rpe résistance pratique à l extension en N/mm² ou MPa (Rpc dans le cas de la compression). Re s ou k résistance élastique à l extension en N/mm² ou MPa coefficient de sécurité sans unité

Construction Mécanique MECANIQUE APPLIQUEE L.P. AULNOYE COURS Résistance des matériaux : Traction-Compression Page 2 5. Déformation L Allongement relatif = ε = = L σ E L = longueur initiale en mm L = allongement en mm ε = (épsilon) allongeùent relatif en % E = module de Young en N/mm² (ou MPa) Pour l'acier E = 200 000 N/mm 2, pour le cuivre E = 100 000 N/mm 2, pour l'aluminium E = 70 000 N/mm 2, pour le polypropylène E = 1120 N/mm 2 6. Exercice Un câble en acier S185 de diamètre 6mm et de longueur 10m est soumis à 2 forces de 200daN qui tendent à l'allonger. a. Quel est le type de contrainte supporté par le câble? Contrainte de traction b. Quelle est la valeur de cette contrainte? σ = 2000 / ( π x 3² ) = 70,73 N/mm² c. Quelle est la valeur de l'allongement de ce câble? L = ( 70,73 x 10 000 ) / 200 000 = 3,53mm