Hans Pomschlegel (Editor) Research and Development in Work and Technology Proceedings of a European Workshop Dortmund, Germany, 23-25 October 1990 With a Preface by Dr. Ulrich Daunert, Director of the Project Management Teams Work, Environment and Health part of the German Aerospace Research Establishment (Deutsche Forschungsanstalt flir Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) With 69 Figures Physica-Verlag A Springer-Verlag Company
Professor Hans Pornschlegel Sozialakademie Dortmund Hohe StraBe 141 0-4600 Dortmund 1, FRG Published on behalf of the German Aerospace Research Establishment (Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt), Project Management ''Work and Technology" ISBN-13: 978-3-7908-0629-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-85278-7 e-isbn-13: 978-3-642-85278-7 Die Deutsclie Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Research and development in work and technology: proceedings of an European workshop, Dortmund, Germany, 23-25 October 1990 / Hans Pornschlegel (ed.). - Heidelberg: Physica VerI., 1992 NE: Pornschlegel, Hans [Hrsg.] This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereofis only permitted under the provisions ofthe German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24,1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act ofthe German Copyright Law. Physica-Verlag Heidelberg 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1992 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence ofaspecific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 710017130-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
Preface by the Editor After nearly 15 years of the German governmental Research and Development Programmes "Humanisation of Working Life", since 1989 "Work and Technology", the need to organize a "forum" for exchanges of experience between other European and national programmes has become urgent. Since the German programme spells out the need for mutual European and international information, coordination and cooperation in certain fields, a workshop was organized jointly by the Swedish Work Environment Fund (Arbetsmiljofonden), the Federal Institute for Industrial Health and Safety (Bundesanstalt fur Arbeitsschutz) and the Project Administration for Work and Technology (Projekttrager Arbeit und Technik) on the initiative of the Sozialakademie Dortmund. A European Workshop "Research and Development Strategies in the Field of Work and Technology" documented in this volume took place from 23rd to 25th October 1990 in Dortmund at the Federal Institute for Industrial Health and Safety with the participation of more than 100 representatives from 9 countries and from international as well as European institutions. This volume presents the contributions given at the workshop, in some cases in a slightly expanded and revised form. Although the workshop was intended mainly as a forum to discuss research and development strategies, the manifold contributions show an impressive range of approaches, examples and results, and also of problems arising within this field. It also documents the implementation of approaches in different countries towards tackling the basic questions. The editor, together with the organizers, expresses his hope and expectation that the present volume will contribute for some time to come to discussion within an interdisciplinary field of theoretical, empirical and practical work, which is becoming more and more European and international in its scope and perspectives. The contributions remain fully within the respective authors' responsibility. The editor has tried to make the papers easier to read by marking their main points in italics. Thanks is due to the Federal Minister for Technology and Research who supported the conference, to the co-organizers, the Swedish Work Environment Fund, Stockholm, the Federal Institute for Industrial Health and Safety, Dortmund, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Dublin, and the Project Administration for Work and Technology, Bonn, for their excellent organization of the occasion and of the follow-up; thanks also to all those concerned with the work on this volume, especially Mrs. G. Borgmann, Mr. R. Mohlmann, Mr. E.O. Nolle who cooperated amicably on the editorial and the technical side, Mr. Harrington as translator and Mr. S. Rissmann, responsible for layout. Dortmund, April 1992
Preface by Dr. Ulrich Daunert Director of the Project Management Teams Work, Environment, Health part of the German Aerospace Research Establishment (Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) At the beginning of the Seventies programmes for the improvement of working conditions were initiated in some European countries but although the liberalisation of the European market will become a reality as of 1993 and the creation of the European Social Area is on the agenda the coope~ation of relevant national programmes is still insufficiently developed. The subject of working conditions in Europe is extremely complex and difficult to generalize on the various members of the European Community; yet all European countries Qperate in the same economic environment with the only abundant and inexhaustible resource which Europe possesses, i.e. its labour force. Under the pressure of international competition firms are finding it increasingly in their interest to make the best possible use of their staffs skill and training. The experience and knowledge gained so far in various countries represents a potential which can only be made fully available by better international cooperation. The more promising approach to achieve that might be to network scientists as human beings instead of linking programmes which are quite different in structure and funding sources. The "European Workshop on Research and Development Strategies in the Field of Work and Technology" should be regarded as an attempt to facilitate discussions amongst those who are addressed here. It is reassuring to discover that something like a real European cooperative culture is evolving and that it is not based on bureaucracy but on mutual trust and on a growing awareness of a common European objective in transition of working life. We are very much obliged to all those who have contributed to the success of this meeting, especially the "Dortmund Social Academy" and the "Swedish Work Environment Fund" as organizers, the "Federal Institute for Occupational Health and Safety" as host, the "European Foundation for the Improvement of living and Working Conditions" as co-sponser and last but not least the speakers, who have spent a great deal of time and effort in helping to make this conference possible. Bonn, April 1992
Contents Introduction Europetm Problem Areas of CoordinIlting Research and Development Strategies in Work and Technology H. Pornschlege~ Dortmund, Germany................................... 3 C.A. AsklOf, Stockholm, Sweden....................................... 13 Plenmy Session Goa/s and Strategies of the Labour Market Parties and Institutions Involved Trends and Perspectives in Work Life R. Lindholm, Stockholm, Sweden... '...................... 17 Trade Unions' Objectives and Demands for Research and Development in the Field of Work and Technology S. Bleicher, Frankfurt/Main, Germany... 23 The Role of Research in the Development of Work and Technology I.F. Allegro, Amsterdam, Netherlands and I. Boonstra, Leiden, Netherlands,... 29 European and National Programmes in the Field of Work and Technology: Achievements, Shortcomings, Perspectives T. Hubert, Brussels, Belgium... 39 Worker Training: Competing in the New International Economy W. Fletcher, Washington, D.C., USA... 45 Plenmy Discussion of the Role of LtIbour Market Parties and Institutions Involved K W. West, Dortmund, Germany... 53
x Contributions to Parallel Sessions A: Economic Venus Humon and Sociol GooJs in Worlc and Technology Reseon:h Developing Job Content Raises the Quality of Production M. Breidensjo, Stockholm, Sweden... 59 Occupational Safety and Economic Efficiency - Procedures for the Extended Economic Efficiency Calculations R. Thiehoff, Dortmund, Germany...................................... 65 Workers' Participation - An Instrument to Achieve Productivity, Innovation with Human and Social Goals H. Krieger, Dublin, Ireland......................................... 73 Productivity - Working Conditions - Environment - Search for an Integrated Concept K North, Geneva, Switzerland... 91 Intangible Assets: The Capital Aspect of Cost-Benefit Analysis D. W. Budworth, London, United Kingdom...... 93 The Contribution of Practice Oriented Promotion of Research and Development to a Modem Evaluation of Work P. Oehlke, Bonn, Germany... 99 B: Integmted Concepts of Het1Ith Prevention, Industritll Safely and EcoIogicol Requirements (including the Eumpetm Dimension) Integrated Concepts of Health Prevention, Industrial Safety and Ecological Requirements B. Tengberg, Stockholm, Sweden... 109 Programme against Musculoskeletal Injuries P. Lidehiil~ Stockholm, Germany... 113 Prevention in the Programme on Work and Technology - Contribution with Regard to Safety at Work in Practice H.-l Bieneck, Bonn, Germany... 117
XI Dangerous Substances Database of the West German Federal States G Albracht in cooperation with A. Walter, K Bott, K Schneeweis, Wiesbaden, Germany... 125 Human Work in Advanced Technical Environments and Anthropocentric Production Systems in the Context of the CEC Monitor IF AST Programme W. Wobbe, Brussels, Belgium... 141 New Preventive Concepts in Occupational Safety and Health K Kuhn, Dortmund, Germany... 153 Strategies for Improving Occupational Health and Occupational Safety in Medium-Sized Enterprises - Approach of the RKW - the Productivity Center of the Federal Republic of Germany I. Freigang-Bauer, Eschbom, Germany... 159 c: Holistic and Innovative Concepts of Worlc and Tec1uwIogy Policy Considerations for Anthropocentric Research and Development J.F. den Hertog, Limburg, Netherlands... 167 The LOM Programme - Swedish Experiences and Assessments L.E. Bjork, Danderyd, Sweden... 193 The Learning Organization: Swedish Concepts - Aims and Experiences from two of the Swedish Work Environment Fund's R&D Programmes P. Docherty, Stockholm, Sweden... 199 Working Structure and Production Planning in Accordance with the Employees' Participation - An Integral Approach - E. Frieling, Kassel, Germany... 215 Material Flow Analysis, Sociotechnology and Naturally Grouped Assembly Work for Automobiles and Trucks T. Engstrom, L. Medbo, Gothenburg, Sweden... 221 The Need for Holistic and Innovative Research: Approaches in Studying Work F. Norrgren, Gothenburg, Sweden... 243
XII Assessing Work Organisation Needs in the Light of New Technology D. Grayson, London, United Kingdom... 247 Sociocultural Change and Unity of Purpose in Policies Concerning the Organisation of Work A. Drinkuth, Frankfurt/Main, Geimany... 253 Integrated Work and Technology Concept in Craft Trade - Initial Regional Experience During the Establishment of a Bremen State Program "Work and Technology" L. Deitmer, Bremen, Germany... 263 D: Strategies to Tronsfer and to Disseminate Knowledge and Know How in the Field of Work and Technology Better Knowledge Transfer to Support Changes in Working Life CA. Asklof, Stockholm, Sweden... 277 The Swedish Commission for the Development of Competence and Skill in Working Life C. Marking, Stockholm, Sweden.... 281 Implementation and Dissemination of the Results of Research into Occupational Safety and Health - Selected Examples from Enterprises G. Kiesau, Dortmund, Germany... 285 Implementation and Dissemination of Acquired Scientific Knowledge and Practical Experience within Enterprises in the Field of Work and Technology: Progress and Problems (The Viewpoint Held by German Employers) F.-I Kador, Cologne, Germany... 291 Research and Development in the Field of Work and Technology I-y' Hocquet, Montrouge, France.... 297 The HABUT-Program and its Development Measures P.H. Engelstad, Oslo, Norway.... 305
XIII Human-Oriented Organizational Design and Management in Plants with an Advanced CNC-Technology - Research Findings from 29 Swedish Enterprises C. Jacobsson, Gothenburg, Sweden.... 319 Reports on the Parallel Sessions... 329 Closing Session Worlc and Technology Programmes - The Need for Adjustment and Innovation Today's Work and Tomorrow's Work - Lessons from an ILO Project IE. Thurman, Geneva, Switzerland... 339 Work and Technology Programmes - The Need for Adjustment and Innovation E. Lubbert and I-H. von dem Knesebeck, Bonn, Germany... 345 Some Concluding Remarks C.A. Asklof, Stockholm, Sweden... 355 A Short Summary and Tentative Conclusions of a European Workshop H. Pornschlege~ Dortmund, Germany... 357 Plenary Discussion of wort and Technology Programmes... 365 National and European Programmes of Research and Development in Work and Technology T. Hubert, Brussels, Belgium... 371 List of Authors... 411