II SEMESTER ME (CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION) CI211 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING & APPLICATIONS Discrete Time Signals : Sequences; representation of signals on orthogonal basis; Sampling and Reconstruction of signals. Discrete Systems : attributes, Z-Transform, Analysis of LSI systems, Frequency Analysis, Inverse Systems, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Fast Fourier Transform algorithm, Implementation of Discrete Time Systems. Design of FIR Digital filters : Window method, Park-McCleelan s method. Design of IIR Digital Filters : Butterworth, Chebyshev and Elliptic Approximations; Lowpass, Bandpass, Bandstop and High pass filters. Effect of finite register length in FIR filter design. Parametric and non-parametric spectral estimation. Introduction to multirate signal processing. Application of DSP to Speech and Radar signal processing. 1.A V Oppenheim and Schafer, Discrete Time Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1989. 2. John G Proakis and D G Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing : Principle, Algorithms and Applications, Prentice Hall, 1997. 3. L R Rabiner and B Gold, Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1992. 4. J R Johnson, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1992. 5. D J DeFatta, J G Lucas and W S Hodgkiss, Digital Signal Processing, J Wiley and Sons, Singapore, 1988. CI212 OPTIMAL CONTROL SYSTEMS Optimal Control Problems : Statement of optimal control problem-problem formulation and types of optimal control Selection of performance measures, General Model of feedback control system, Transient performance analysis, Tracking performance analysis, Disturbance rejection analysis, Cost functions and norms, Mathematical preliminary to optimal control. Calculus of Variation And Applications : Fundamental concepts Extremum functionals involving single and several independent functions Piecewise smooth extremals-variation of functionals with fixed and free terminal time constrained extrema Pontryagin s minimum principel-state inequality constraints The Welerstrass Erdmann corner conditions Solution of Boiza problem. Hamilton Jacobi Formulation : Partial differential equation for cost function Hamilton Jacobi equation Principle of optimality, solution of Hamilton Jacobi equation Matrix Riccati equation Optimal control law. Linear Quadratic Control Problems : Optimal control by Liapunov method Parameter optimization Quadratic performance index Optimal control of systems Matrix Riccati equation and solution methods of State regulator and discrete systems Choice of weighting matrices Linear Quadratic Guassian control Kalman filter H2 and H control and optimal estimation. 1
Dynamic Programming : Principle of optimality Recurrence relation of dynamic programming for optimal control problem Combinational procedure for solving optimal control problem. Discrete Time Systems : Solution of general discrete optimization problem Discrete time linear quadratic regulator-suboptimal feedback-regulator problem with functions of final state fixed. Time optimal and fuel optimal control problems Minimum time control problem, Uniqueness of control bang bang control Typical problems. 1. Brian D O Anderson, John B Moore, Optimal Control Linear Quadratic Methods, Prentice Hall of India, 1991. 2. Jeffrey B Burl, Linear Optimal Control, Addison-Wesley, California, 1999. 3. Frank L Lewis, Optimal Control, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1986. 4. Gopal M, Modern Control System Theory, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 2nd Edition, 1993. 5. Kirk D E, Optimal Control theory : An introduction, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1970. CI213 VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS Introduction : General Functional description of a digital instrument Block diagram of a Virtual instrument Physical quantities and Analog interfaces Hardware and Software User interfaces Advantages of Virtual instruments over conventional instruments Architecture of a Virtual instrument and its relation to the operating system. Software Overview : Lab VIEW Graphical user interfaces Controls and Indicators G programming Data types Data flow programming-editing-debugging and Running a Virtual instrument Graphical programming pallets Front panel objects Controls, Indicators, Object properties and their configuration Typical examples. Programming Structure : FOR loops, WHILE loop, CASE structure, formula node, Sequence structures Arrays and Clusters Array operations Bundle Bundle/Unbundle by name, graphs and charts- String and file I/O-High level and Low level file I/O s Attribute modes Local and global variables. Hardware Aspects : Installing hardware, installing drivers Configuring the hardware Addressing the hardware in Lab VIEW Digital and Analog I/O function-data Acquisition Buffered I/O Real time Data Acquisition. LabVIEW Applications : Motion Control : General Applications Feedback devices, Motor Drives Machine vision LAbVIEW IMAQ vision- Machine vision Techniques Configuration of IMAQ DAQ Card Instrument Connectivity GPIB, Serial Communication General, GPIB Hardware & Software specifications PX1/PC1 : Controller and Chassis Configuration and Installation. 1. Garry M Johnson, LabView Graphical Programming, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 1996. 2. Sanjay Gupta and Joseph John, Virtual Instrumentation Using LabVIEW, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1st Edition, 2005. 3. LabView : Basics I & II Manual, National Instruments, 2006. 4. Barry Paron, Sensors, Transducers and LabVIEW, Prentice Hall, 2000. 2
CI214 COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL Numerical Control : Introduction Need of NC machine tool, CNC-Principle of Operation, Advantages and Features of CNC, block diagram of CNC, Types of CNC machines, DNC-Types of DNC, Advantage and Disadvantage, Classifications of machine tool control systems. Types of CNC Machines : Major types of CNC machine tools and their constructional features-lathe, machining centres, grinding machines, EDMs, turret punch press, laser and water jet cutting machines, Design considerations Axis representations, Various operating modes of CNC machine. NC Part programming process : Axis notation, EIA and ISO codes, Explanation of basic codes. Tooling concepts, machining methods, part geometry and writing of tool motion statements. Canned cycles. Development of simple manual part programs for turning operations. Post processors CNC part programming with CAD/CAM systems. Input Output Units : Keyboard, Tape reader, Hand held terminals, PC interfacing, Display devices and Ethernet communication. Drive Units : Axis drive arrangements, ball screw, timing belts and couplings, AC & DC servomotors, Stepper motors, Hydraulic servo, AC permanent magnet synchronous motor for spindle drives Characteristics and drive schemes for these motors. Feedback Elements : Absolute and incremental encoders, Resolvers, linear optical encoders, Proximity switches, limit switches-transducer placement measuring schemes using these feedback devices. Control Units : Functions of CNC, System hardware, Contouring control-digital differential analyzer, Linear and circular interpolation, software development process, Open architecture systems. Programmable Logic Controllers : Hardware, programming techniques, Ladder logic programming of PLCs using basic functions Timers and counters Advanced programming with control and arithmetic instructions. Rule of PLC in CNC machines. Microprocessor in CNC machines. Sensors for Adaptive Control of CNC machine tools. New developments in CNC technology. 1. Yoram Koran, Computer control of Manufacturing Systems, McGraw Hill, New York, 1983. 2. HMT Limited, Mechatronics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1998. 3. Peter Smid, CNC Programming Handbook, Industrial Press Inc., New York 2000. CI215 SEMINAR The student in consultation with the guide allotted by the Departmental Chairman, may select a technical topic relevant to the major specialization. Further the student has to submit 4 copies of the report to the concerned guide after carrying out necessary literature survey. The student has to present the selected technical topic in a Seminar and the minimum number of such presentations utilizing teaching aids, is TWO in a semester. The internal assessment marks will be awarded by the concerned guide. 3
Elective II CIE21 ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING Review of linear and non-linear estimation theory, Signal modelling, Optimal filtering. Adaptive filtering as an extension of the optimal least mean square error case Adaptive algorithms : adaptive equalization and echo cancellation; adaptive lattice filters, Application to radar, sonar, geophysics and hydrology, economic processes, communications (spread spectrum techniques). 1. S Haykin, Adaptive filter theory, Prentice Hall, 1986. 2. B Windrow and S D Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1984. CI216 DSP & LAB VIEW LABORATORY Analysis of DFT, FIR digital filters, IIR filters using MATLAB. Brushless Permanent AC Magnet Motors, Direct Current (DC) Motor Simulation, Dynamic of Induction Motors, Equivalent Circuit Parameters of Induction Motors, Frequency Analysis, Op-Amp AC Characteristics, Op-Amp Basics, Op-Amp Circuits, Op-Amp Filters, Semiconductor Diodes, Single phase AC circuits, Three-Phase AC Circuits: Conversions, Voltage and Current, and Phasors, Voltageto-Frequency Converters, Voltage Dividers and Calibration, Waveform Measurements. CIE22 NUMBER THEORY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY Some Topics in Elementary number theory : time estimate for doing arithmetic, Divisibility and the Euclidean algorithm, Congruences. Some applications to factoring. Finite Fields and Quadratic Residues : Finite fields, Quadratic residues and reciprocity. Cryptography : Some simple cryptosystems. Enciphering matrices. Public key : The idea of public key cryptography, RSA, Discrete log. Elliptic Curves : Basic facts. Elliptic curve cryptosystems. 1. Neal Koblitz, A Course in Number and Theory and Cryptography, Graduate Texts in Mathematics No.114, Springer-Verlag, New York/Berlin/Heidelberg, 1987. 2. Alan Baker, A Concise Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, Cambridge University Press, New York / Port Chester / Melbourne / Sydney 1990. 3. A N Parshin and I R Shafarevich (Eds.), Number Theory, Encyclopaedia of Mathematics Sciences, Volume 49, Springer-Verlag, New York/Berlin/Heidelberg, 1995. 4. John Stillwell, Elements of Number Theory, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, New York/Berlin/Heidelberg, 2003. 5. Henk C A Van Tilborg, An Introduction to Cryptology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston/Dordrecht/Lancaster, 1988. 6. Andre Weil, Number Theory for Beginners, Additional References. 4
CIE23 WAVELETS Introduction to time frequency analysis; the how, what and why about wavelets. Short-time Fourier transform, Wigner-Ville transform. Continuous time wavelet transform, Discrete wavelet transform, tiling of the time-frequency plane and wavepacket analysis. Construction of wavelets. Multiresolution analysis. Introduction to frames and biorthogonal wavelets. Multirate signal processing and filter bank theory. Application of wavelt theory to signal denoising, image and video compression, mutli-tone digital communication, transient detection. 1. Y T Chan, Wavelet Basics, Kluwer Publishers, Boston, 1993. 2. L Daubechies, Ten Lectures on Wavelets, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA, 1992. 3. C K Chui, An Introduction to Wavelets, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1992. 4. Gerald Kaiser, A Friendly Guide to Wavelets, Birkhauser, New York, 1995. 5. P P Vaidyanathan, Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993. 6. A N Akansu and R A Haddad, Multiresolution signal Decomposition : Transforms, Subbands and Wavelets, Academic Press, Oranld, Florida, 1992. 7. B Boashash, Time-Frequency signal analysis, In S Haykin, (editor), Advanced Spectral Analysis, pages 418-517, Prentice Hall Jersey, 1991. 5