Level: Beginner to Intermediate Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 8.0 Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease: 61.7 Drawspace Curriculum 6.2.A5-8 Pages and 12 Illustrations DRAW KEVIN BACON (the Little Ham) Sketch a piglet and add shading to capture his spotted fur and three-dimensional forms Resource: Module 3.1 Introduction to Shading Supplies: paper, pencils (2H, HB, 2B, 4B, and 6B), sharpener, sandpaper block, erasers This activity has three sections: Sketch Piglet Proportions Outline a Face, Head, Body, and Legs Create Forms with Spotted Shading Sketch Piglet Proportions 1. Use an HB pencil to sketch a large oval (Figure 1) in the center of your drawing paper. This oval represents the location of the body. Note that the end on the left is lower than the end on the right. Make sure you leave room on your paper to sketch these other piglet parts: Head: to the upper left of this oval Legs and feet: below this oval Tail: to the right of this oval ArtSpeak Sketch: (noun) A simple representation, outline, or drawing that captures the integral aspects of a subject quickly and effi ciently. (verb) The process of rendering a sketch. Shape: A two-dimensional geometric object that can serve as the outline of a threedimensional object. For example, a circle is the shape of a sphere. Proportion: The relationship in size between two or more components of an artwork. Shading: The process of adding values to a drawing so as to create the illusion of texture, form, and/or three-dimensional space. Form: An element of art that is created in drawings and paintings by using shading and/or colors to transform shapes into threedimensional structures. Graduation: (also called gradation) A continuous, seamless progression of values from dark to light or light to dark. Hatching: A series of lines (called a set) drawn closely together to give the illusion of values. Depending on the shading effects desired, the individual lines in hatching sets can be far apart or close together.
2 Figure 1 2. Sketch a circular shape (as the head) that cuts through the upper left section of the body (Figure 2). Figure 2 Press gently on your pencils so you can easily lighten/erase these lines later. 3. Lightly sketch two upsidedown U shapes as his ears. 4. Sketch two small circles as his eyes (Figure 3). Figure 3 Note that his head is tilted at an angle, Hence, the eye on the right appears to be slightly higher than the eye on the left. Figure 4 5. Sketch a horizontal oval shape as the snout. 6. Lightly sketch a line to mark the location of the tail. The tail curves like a hand-written lowercase e. 7. Lightly sketch the four legs (Figure 4). The two legs that are closer to the viewer (you) appear to be larger and longer than the two legs farther away.
3 8. Use your kneaded eraser to pat all your sketch lines until they become very light. Before you begin the next section, compare your sketch to Figure 4 and fix any sections you re not happy with. Outline a Face, Head, Body, and Legs 9. Outline the contours of the back and rump with an HB or 2B pencil (Figure 5). Keep a pencil sharpener and sandpaper block handy so you can keep your pencil points sharpened. 10. Draw the curly tail so the section close to the body overlaps the middle section. 11. Outline the chest and belly. 12. Add two slightly curved lines as the upper sections of the two legs that appear to be closer to the viewer. 13. Use an HB pencil to outline the cheeks and chin (Figure 6). 14. Outline the head and ears. Figure 6 Figure 5 Always place clean paper under your drawing hand to prevent smudging and protect the paper from oils in your skin. Each time you work on a new section, move your paper so it remains under your hand. 15. Draw two curved lines under the snout, as a piglet smile. 16. Add curved lines to separate the outer and inner sections of the ears.
4 17. Outline the snout (nose) and the two curved lines on its upper section (Figure 7). 18. Add two tiny circles (the nostrils) with triangular shapes on the outer edges. 19. Draw the eyes and add tiny circles in the upper right as highlights (Figure 8). 20. Outline the four legs and feet. Figure 7 As an Aside Pigs are thought to be as intelligent as chimpanzees. A pig can even be taught to use a computer. Well sort of! During scientific experiments to test intelligence, pigs were trained to use their snouts to move a cursor on a video screen. Surprisingly, they could easily tell the difference between familiar symbols and ones they saw for the first time. Figure 8 Constantly compare the sizes and locations of the shapes in each section to the reference images. 21. Erase any sketch lines that are still visible. 22. Check over your drawing and change any sections that need corrections. As you complete each section, compare your overall proportions to those in the reference images. Also, examine the lengths, angles, and curves of the lines that outline his face, head, body, and legs.
5 As an Aside Everything you can see has a light source (otherwise, it would be too dark to see anything). The locations of highlights offer clues for identifying the origin of a light source. The highlights in Kevin s eyes are in the upper right. Hence, the light source shines from the upper right and slightly to the front. Figure 9 Pigs make wonderful, loving pets and are considered among the smartest and cleanest of all domestic animals. On the down side, they love to roll in mud to stay cool in hot weather, and their hoofs can leave scratches on some types of flooring. The hatching lines used to shade fur are ragged and uneven with lines of various lengths and thicknesses. Create Forms with Spotted Shading 23. Follow along with Figures 9 to 12 to add shading to the face, head, ears, body, legs and feet. HB and 2B pencils and hatching lines are used to create furry spots on the back, front leg, and around one eye (Figure 9). Note the different directions in which the hatching lines curve. Curved shading lines help create the illusion of forms (such as bones and muscles). Use the following grades for the hatching graduations: 2H and HB: light values HB and 2B: medium values 2B and 4B: dark values
6 Figure 10 Light and medium values are used to shade the snout, feet (hoofs), and the insides of the ears (Figure 10). Note that some sections of shading are graduated darker than others. Keep in mind that the highlights in the eyes need to stay white. An HB pencil is ideal for adding medium values to the inside corners of the eyes. An HB is also great for the medium shading, such as under his chin. A 4B pencil works well for the irises of the eyes and a 6B is best for the pupils. To make the transition from one value to the next look smooth, draw the individual hatching lines different lengths. A short line, placed inside a space between two other lines, can also help. A 2H pencil works well to add shading to the lightest sections of fur (Figures 11 and 12). As an Aside From a story book called The Three Little Pigs to television and movie stars such as Porky Pig, Babe, and Miss Piggy, pigs have been charming the hearts and minds of artists for centuries.
7 ArtSpeak Cast shadow: A dark section on an object or a surface adjacent to a subject that receives little or no direct light. The values of a cast shadow are darkest next to the object and become gradually lighter as they move farther away. Figure 11 Use a 2B or 4B for the darkest shadows of: the inner ears the fur under and on the left of his snout the left side of his chest the snout and hoofs the upper sections of those two legs that are not close to the viewer the belly the various spots 24. Use an HB pencil to add a shadow under the body (Figure 12) so he doesn t look like he s floating (or flying)!
8 25. Shape your kneaded eraser to a point and erase any smudges on the highlights created by the light source, such as in the eyes and the sections of his snout, tail, and hoofs. Figure 12 With all highlights lightened back to the white of the paper, your drawing will look brighter and more three-dimensional. Challenge! Put on your thinking cap and use the skills taught in this lesson to design a brother or sister for Kevin. You have an artistic license to employ your creativity. For starters, you can: Shade spots of different sizes in different places. Draw the ears, eyes, and tail larger or smaller than Kevin s. Make the facial expression different (such as grumpy or surprised). Sign your drawing, and put a smile on your face!