Global Trends in Physics Publishing Background and Developments Presented by: Steve Watson, Executive Publisher Surfaces and Interfaces Date: 15 September 2009 Presentation created by James Milne 2007 / 2008
Presentation About Elsevier Scientific Publishing General Background General Trends Trends from Japan 2
ABOUT ELSEVIER
About Elsevier House of Elzevir founded 1580 Elsevier as publishing house established 1880 NOW 2600 journals 250,000 articles a year 9.7 million articles on ScienceDirect, going back to 1823 (The Lancet) half a billion downloads a year by 10 million users (over 1 billion downloads since launch) Galileo s Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche (1638) 4
Elsevier and Scientific Publishing All scientific research articles Elsevier by disciplines Blackwell Other Commercial Informa Wiley University Presses Other Environmental Science Earth Sciences Social Sciences Mathematics & Computer Science Life Sciences Springer Elsevier Physics Learned Societies Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Materials Science & Engineering 1.2 million English language research articles published globally each year 250,000+ English language research articles published with Elsevier every year 5
Elsevier: Portfolio Overview Journals 2000+ journals, around 1400 listed in ISI Accessed by 10 million researchers globally All journals available on ScienceDirect Books 2200+ new titles published every year Imprints: Saunders, Mosby, Academic Press, Focal Press, 6000 books online via ScienceDirect, including 51 MRWs and 300+ book series Electronic products Scopus: >18,000 journals abstracted ScienceDirect: over 1 million downloads per day from 2007 CrossFire Beilstein & Gmelin Databases, and now Reaxys Ei: over 5,000 journals and conference proceedings indexed 6
SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING
Why have Scientific Publishing? Communication of research results and discoveries between scientists Sounds straightforward 8
Why have Scientific Publishing? Certification - assuring quality and accuracy of published research (through peer review) Registration - attributing who conducted the research Dissemination - making the information available, worldwide Achiving - ensuring content available in perpetuity 9
Why have Scientific Publishing? Certification - assuring quality and accuracy of published research (through peer review) Registration - attributing who conducted the research Dissemination - making the information available, worldwide Achiving - ensuring content available in perpetuity Author Needs Reader Needs Research Scientists are both authors + readers of Information 10
Peer Review Typesetter / Printer Scientific community: Accepted manuscripts submission Publisher author proofs Published Journal Issues Library editor review referee reader Authors write Reviewers comment Editors decide Readers read 11
The Journal and the Scientific Community Publishing Professionals (often ex-scientists) Publishers Journal Editor-in-Chief Research Scientists Publishing Editors Regional Editors Advisory Editors Efficient Publication Commercial Operation Investment in Developments Independent & Impartial Scientific Assessment of Quality Leading Specialists in Field 12
STM Publishing Industry Overview (STM = Scientific, Technical & Medical) 13
TRENDS IN JOURNAL PUBLISHING
Current Trends - Journals Final migration from print to online Greater integration and depth of content Linking Backfiles (archival issues online) Further increase in usage Increased speed of publication Greater number of submissions Experiments with alternative publishing models Open Access / Author Pays (approx. 1% of papers) 15
Print to Online Benefits For researchers Remote, desktop access Fast search Interlinked articles efunctions, eg alerts 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 For librarians Easier collection management Usage data per journal Reduced storage space Staff efficiencies = print = print + electronic = eonly 16
ScienceDirect Article Downloads 4,500,000 ~1/2 a billion overall millions of downloads every day 42 million from physics and astronomy 4 downloads every 3 seconds 4,000,000 Full text downloads 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08 Oct-08 Nov-08 Dec-08 Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Physics and Astronomy 17
Unique Users of ScienceDirect Example: Surface Science 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 18 Jun-04 Aug-04 Oct-04 Dec-04 Feb-05 Apr-05 Jun-05 Aug-05 Oct-05 Dec-05 Feb-06 Apr-06 Jun-06 Aug-06 Oct-06 Dec-06 Feb-07 Apr-07 Jun-07 Aug-07
Worldwide Articles Published 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 19 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
TRENDS FROM JAPAN
Japan and Science Publishers Elsevier Elsevier Others Others Wiley- Blackwell Wiley- Blackwell Springer APS AIP ACS Springer Taylor-Francis Kluwer APS AIP ACS Kluwer Taylor-Francis Article Share (quantity) Citation Share (quality?) 21
Japan and Physics Articles Japan Papers - Percent Breakdown by Subject Field Percent 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Agricultural Sciences Biology & Biochemistry Chemistry Clinical Medicine Computer Science Ecology/Environment Economics & Business Education Engineering Geosciences Immunology Materials Science Mathematics Microbiology Molecular Biology & Genetics Neurosciences & Behavior Pharmacology Physics Plant & Animal Science Psychology/Psychiatry Social Sciences general Space Science 22
Measuring Quality of Published Articles We consider relative impact (citations) per paper: If the world average for citations to multidiscplinary physics papers is 2.82 over a four year period (2004-2007) And the average for Japanese authored multidiscplinary physics papers is 3.72 Then Japanese papers in multidisciplinary physics have a relative impact of 1.32 (i.e. above the world average ) We can use this measure to look at trends: per country, per subject area, over time 23
Japan all fields of research 1.05 1 INTERNATIONAL AVERAGE = 1.0 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 24 2001 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Relative Impact (World Ave=1.0) 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year
Japan individual subject areas Time period: 2004-2007 1.4 Field-weighted relative impact - Japan Higher than international standard 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 International average = 1 25 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY IMMUNOLOGY ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL MATHEMATICS CELL BIOLOGY MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY POLYMER SCIENCE PHYSICS, APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ONCOLOGY CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY NEUROSCIENCES ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY CLINICAL NEUROLOGY CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC SURGERY Relative Impact Lower than international standard
Japan physics subdisciplines Time period: 2004-2007 Field-weighted relative impact - Japan 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 Higher than international standard International average = 1 26 ACOUSTICS ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS CRYSTALLOGRAPHY MICROSCOPY OPTICS PHYSICS, APPLIED Relative Impact PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR & CHEMICAL PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS PHYSICS, MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS, NUCLEAR PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS Lower than international standard
All subjects Articles Published by Elsevier 80,000 70,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 India Canada Spain Italy Germany France UK Japan China USA TOP 10 COUNTRIES 27
All subjects 25,000 Articles Published by Elsevier 20,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 India Canada Spain Italy Germany France UK Japan China TOP 10 COUNTRIES (excluding USA) 28
Summary Overall, the quality of research papers from Japan is steadily rising Physics in Japan is above international standard in terms of citations, although some subdisciplines are lower The number of papers published by Japan has dropped slightly in recent years. 29
Thank you for your attention lots of bikes! beautiful canals culture Steve Watson Executive Publisher Surfaces and Interfaces Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands s.watson@elsevier.com 30