WARM UP 1 Finish the industrialization investigation that we began yesterday 2 When finished upload your Google Doc to Google Classroom 3 Also take this opportunity to upload your bimetallism vs. gold standard comparison to Google Classroom (take a picture of it in your notes)
INDUSTRIALIZATION
INDUSTRIALIZATION BEGINS I. For most of the 19 th century the US economy was mainly agriculture II. In the late 1800s the U.S.A. transitioned from an agricultural economy to an industrial one A. Industrialization = change in production from hand craftsmanship to machine manufacturing III. The industrialization of the U.S.A. can be contributed to four factors: A. Wealth of natural resources (fuel for industrialization) B. Government support for industrial businesses C. Growing urban populations (workers & buyers) D. Industrial Inventions (technology for industrialization)
INDUSTRIAL INVENTIONS
OIL I. In 1859, Edwin L. Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil II. His invention started an oil boom in the U.S.A. III. Oil drilling became a profitable business as entrepreneurs rushed to refine oil to make kerosene
BESSEMER STEEL PROCESS: I. Coal & iron were everywhere in the U.S. A. Iron is a soft metal and often breaks & rusts II. Henry Bessemer invented a cheap process to take remove carbon from iron & make steel BESSEMER CONVERTOR CIRCA 1880 III. Steel is very strong and doesn t rust (excellent for building with) IV. Steel production became big business in the USA (Pittsburgh)
USES FOR STEEL: I. Railroads used miles of steel tracks II. Other uses for steel: A. Barbed wire, steel plow, farm equipment B. Construction Projects: Brooklyn Bridge (1883) C. Skyscrapers i. Home Insurance Building (Chicago, IL) Brooklyn Bridge: NYC III. Steel allowed American cities to grow leading to increased industrialization
SKYSCRAPER I. Skyscrapers became possible with the development of steel II. Steel made it possible to hold up the weight of large buildings III. First one in Chicago A. The Home Insurance Building IV. Cities can now grow upward thanks to steel V. Steel led to rapid urbanization à now people can live close to one another in cities
ELECTRICITY I. Thomas Edison à perfected electric light bulb A. Came up with a way to produce/distribute electrical power B. Changed businesses i. Ran machine a. Factories can locate where ever they want ii. Contributed to electrical run inventions iii. Factories can run around the clock (3 shift factories) II. George Westinghouse created an effective home use for electricity
TELEPHONE I. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876 II. Verbal communication nationwide possible III. Companies and people can communicate instantly about products/shipments
THE TYPEWRITER: I. Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter in 1867 II. His invention changed office work and paperwork III. Now things don t have to be handwritten IV. It opened many new jobs for women
AMERICA INDUSTRIALIZES I. The United States of America will industrialize rapidly thanks to technological advances II. The United States will change from an agricultural economy to an industrialized one III. American industrialization depends on another new technology: Railroads
ARE YOU WITH ME?? 1 Explain the transition that was made in the American economy at the end of the 19 th century: 2 Why were technological improvements necessary for industrialization to take place? 3 How did the Bessemer steel process led to increased urbanization and industrialization in the USA? 4 How did newly harnessed electricity impact the factory system in the USA?