Welcome to Class! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r R5Vf3lpPac
Bell-Ringer: Significant Inventions The following is a list of inventions. Rank them from most to least significant (in your opinion). Then explain why you ranked the top three as most significant. 1845: Anesthesia by Dr. William Morton 1851: Ice Cream by Jacob Fussell 1866: Dynamite by Alfred Nobel 1870: Chewing gum by Thomas Adams 1886: Coca Cola by John Pemberton 1893: Breakfast cereal by William Kellogg 1893: Zipper by Whitcomb Judson 1899: Vacuum Cleaner by J.S. Thurman (patent) Think about the inventions or innovations that have occurred in your lifetime. Choose an invention or innovation that occurred in your lifetime that has had the greatest impact on your life. Tell why!
Essential Question How did the many 19 th century inventions enable urbanization? Vocabulary Thomas Edison Interstate Commerce Act
The Expansion of Industry and the Age of Railroads
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization -black gold: oil -Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil in PA -Bessemer steel process -Henry Bessemer developed efficient way to make steel -removed carbon and other impurities from iron
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization Continued -railroads were biggest customers for steel -steel used for barbed wire and John Deere s plow -Brooklyn Bridge (considered a wonder of the world) completed in 1883 -skyscrapers with steel frames
Inventions Promote Change -Thomas Alva Edison -1876, established the world s first research lab in Menlo Park, NJ -perfected the incandescent light bulb (patented in 1880) -George Westinghouse -with Edison, added innovations that made electricity safer & less expensive -electric streetcars made urban travel cheap and efficient -factories could be located anywhere, not just near sources of power https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hq2rjc1a8t0
Inventions Change Lifestyles -Christopher Sholes -typewriter, 1867 -Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson -telephone, 1876 -these two inventions affected office work and created new jobs for women
Railroads Span Time and Space -transcontinental railroad -completed May 10, 1869 -Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads met at Promontory Point, UT -Irish and Chinese immigrants and out-of-work Civil War vets hired to work on railroads -immigrants were paid little and faced discrimination
NCFE Practice How did economic opportunities encourage the Chinese and Irish to immigrate to the West Cost? a. the massive cattle drives lacked cowhands b. the transcontinental railroads needed builders c. oil companies in Texas required drillers d. corporate farms employed temporary farmhands
Railroads and Time Zones Before the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad, communities still operated on their own time, with noon when sun was directly overhead. Travelers often had to set their watches several times during trips. In 1869, Professor C.F. Dowd proposed that the earth s surface be divided into 24 time zones, one for each hour of the day. Four zones were created: Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific. On November 18, 1883, railroad crews and towns synchronized their watches and time zones were adopted by Congress in 1918. Today, (most of) Arizona and Hawaii do not recognize Daylight Savings Time.
New Towns and Markets -Pullman, Illinois (company town) -George M. Pullman built a company town for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars -Pullman provided for almost all of workers basic needs -clean apartment buildings, doctors offices, shops, & an athletic field -town was under company control
The Courts and Railroads -Munn v. Illinois -the federal gov t had a right to regulate private industry to serve public interest -Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act (1887) -federal gov t had right to supervise railroad activities & established a 5 member Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
NCFE Practice Which best explains why the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 was passed? a. the bankers and railroads were losing money b. the Grangers felt victimized by the bankers and railroads c. the Morrill Land Grant Act had failed d. the transcontinental railroad had just been completed
Essential Question How did the many 19 th century inventions enable urbanization? Vocabulary Thomas Edison Interstate Commerce Act