Chapter 6 Architectural Lines and Lettering
Drafting Introduction Universal graphic language Uses lines, symbols, dimensions, and notes to describe a structure to be built Properly drawn lines are dark, crisp, sharp, and of a uniform thickness
Types of Lines Lines are the primary method of displaying images on architectural drawings Must accurately and clearly represent content There are a variety of types Each conveys a meaning Widths are thick or thin Guidelines are used to guide manual lettering
Types of Lines (cont d.) Object lines Define outline and characteristic features Specific thickness Presentations vary
Types of Lines (cont d.) Dashed lines (i.e., hidden lines) Show features not visible in the view or plan
Types of Lines (cont d.) Extension lines Show extent of dimension Dimension lines Show dimension length Terminate at related extension lines with slashes, arrowheads, or dots
Types of Lines (cont d.)
Types of Lines (cont d.) Leader lines Thin, dark, and crisp Used to connect notes to related features Drawn freehand or with irregular curve
Types of Lines (cont d.) Break lines Used to remove a portion of an object, show a partial view, shorten a long object Also used to terminate features when extent is clearly defined May be long or short Line techniques For additional information, refer to Student CD
Types of Lines (cont d.)
Basic terminology: Composition Lettering Lettering spacing, layout, and appearance Justify To align text Lettering Traditional handmade letters and numbers Text Lettering using CADD
Lettering (cont d.) Basic terminology (cont d.): Annotation Text, notes, dimensions, and text symbols Font Assortment of one size and style of lettering or text Text style Set of text characters (e.g., font, height, width)
Single-stroke lettering Lettering (cont d.) Single straight or curved line elements Makes text easy and clear to read
Lettering (cont d.) Slanted lettering Slant to the right with an angle of 68 from horizontal Uppercase slanted lettering is used for water feature names in mapping
Lettering height Lettering (cont d.) Minimum should be 1/8" (3 mm) Some companies use 5/32" (4 mm) All dimension numerals, notes, and other lettered information should be the same Except titles, drawing numbers, and captions Height of fraction numbers should be the same as other lettering associated with the fraction
Lettering legibility Lettering (cont d.) Lettering should be dark, crisp, and sharp Reproduction quality Spaces should be uniform Some letters will require spacing farther apart (e.g., I, N, or S versus L, A, or W) Minimum recommended space between letters is 1/16" (1.5 mm) Notes should be lettered horizontally
Lettering (cont d.) Rules for lettering and text numeral applications: Foot units are followed by foot symbol ('), and inch units are followed by inch symbol ( ) Inches and fractions are used for values less than 12 inches (e.g., 6 ) Metric values in architectural drafting are generally in millimeters
Rules (cont d.): Lettering (cont d.) When metric values are used on a predominantly foot and inch drawing, the abbreviation mm follows the metric value Metric unit names are lowercase Except proper names Vertical text is used for unit abbreviations Leave a space between a numeral and an abbreviation
Rules (cont d.): Lettering (cont d.) Do not leave a space between a unit abbreviation and its prefix Do not use plural unit symbols Use the plural of spelled-out metric measurements Millimeters (mm) are assumed Hints for professional lettering For additional information, refer to Student CD