Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 150 (2016 ) 2321 2326 International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2016 Low-frequency Vibro-acoustic Method of Determination of the Location of the Hidden Canals and Pipelines S.O. Gaponenko*, A.E. Kondratiev, A.R. Zagretdinov Kazan State Power Engineering University, Krasnoselskaya str., 51, Kazan, 420066, Russian Federation Abstract The problem of detecting the location of hidden pipelines laid in the ground is currently being addressed by the devices based on the method of electromagnetic location. However, this method does not provide a high accuracy and selectivity in determination of pipeline location. Furthermore, using this method it is impossible to search for non-metallic objects. The low-frequency vibroacoustic method of determination of location of the hidden channels and pipelines is suggested. The measuring and diagnostic complex with the unified application program package is developed for approbation of the suggested method. 2016 The Authors. Published by by Elsevier Ltd. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility ofthe organizing committee of ICIE 2016. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016 Keywords: vibroacoustic signal; resonance frequency; wanted signal; spectrum; hollow object 1. Introduction The structure of modern communications pipeline is imperfect. In them, is still predominate short-lived metal pipes (70% on average in Russia). After 5-10 years, they begin to lose their tightness and throughput. Consequently, the level of wear of fixed water and marine-related industry funds in recent years has reached more than 40%, 300 thousand. Km of pipeline (in Russia as a whole) in urgent need of major repairs, and more than 50 thousand. Km need to replacing due to an emergency condition. Experts estimate that at current rates of repair in the XXI century engineering network of housing and communal utilities will worn up to 70% or more, water loss will increase to 60%, and the cost of housing and communal services to the population will increase by 2-2.5 times [1-3]. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-987-417-0041; fax: +7-843-519-4255. E-mail address: sogaponenko@yandex.ru 1877-7058 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016 doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.312
2322 S.O. Gaponenko et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) 2321 2326 To reduce resource losses during transportation it is important to reliably detect liquid leak from the pipeline. Thus, control of accuracy depends on many factors, including the volume of the fluid leaked from the pipeline. In order to solve this important task is expedient use a complex non-destructive testing based on different physical methods and adaptable to changing conditions for the control [4,5]. During construction works, laying of new communications and drilling of wells, the question of damage existing pipelines rises very sharply. Security is a prerequisite for any work on the objects, and the damaged pipeline is the cause of serious danger. For the avoidance such situations is necessary tracing engineering communications. Improving energy efficiency and reliable operation of various communications provided by the development and introduction of new, more modern methods and devices to determine their location [6]. 2. State of problem The problem of detecting the location of hidden pipelines laid in the ground is currently being addressed devices, based on the method of electromagnetic location. Known and widely used in practice line locators Uspeh AG- 308.10M, Alternativa AG-401, SR-20, correlation line locator Iskor-405, cable and line locator Atlet TEK- 500A etc. However, this method does not provide high accuracy and selectivity determining pipelines location. Furthermore, the use of this method it is impossible to search for non-metallic objects [3,19-20]. 3. Method for determining pipelines location In this paper, we propose a method for determining the location hidden pipelines, see Fig. 1. The technical result achieved in that the generation is carried out in the pipeline acoustic oscillations at a resonant frequency in the range from 800 to 3100 Hz using a dynamic transducer 4, which is mounted in place of valves. By means the sensing element 7 configured on the resonant frequency of pipeline, produce measurement of useful signal amplitude, then perform the search of the pipeline by moving the sensitive element 7 over the ground in the direction of holding the maximum amplitude of ground motion at this resonant frequency [7,14-17]. Fig. 1. The device that implements proposed method of determining the location of the pipeline (1 personal computer; 2 digital-to-analog converter (DAC); 3 signal amplifier; 4 dynamic emitter; 5 well; 6 pipeline; 7 sensitive element; 8 analog-to-digital converter (ADC)) The proposed method allows to simplify the determination of location pipelines. Due to the fact that the resonant frequency excited of the desired object, increased selectivity control. The proposed method provides high detection accuracy of a non-metallic or metal pipes. For testing the proposed method in the experimental device was created. 4. Description of the experimental device Exterior view of the experimental setup is shown in Fig. 2.
S.O. Gaponenko et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) 2321 2326 2323 Fig. 2. Experimental device (1 base; 2 researched pipeline; 3 sensitive element (microphone); 4 longitudinal axis of the researched pipeline; 5 acoustic emitter; 6 digital-to-analog converter (DAC); 7 personal computer (PC); 8 jointed attachment researched pipeline to the base.; 9 displacement device for sensitive element; 10 carriage; 11 guide carriage; 12 analog-to-digital converter (ADC)) Fig. 3. The scheme of the experimental studies The principle of operation of the device, see Fig. 2, is to register microphones 3 of acoustic signals, which are excited in the researched pipeline 2 the acoustic transducer 5 [8,14-17]. Device have a massive anti-vibratory base 1 on which the is hinged end of the researched pipeline 2. At the same end of the pipeline 2 mounted acoustic transducer 5. Microphones 3 arranged on a carriage 10 mounted on the investigated pipeline 2. Using a special computer program 7 to produce a search of the resonance frequency oscillations the researched pipeline 2. Conversion PC 7 output signal to analog form produced by DAC 6. The carriage 10 is movable along the guides 11 along the researched pipeline 2 that can deviate from the axis of the guide by means of hinge 8. Thus, it is possible to vary the distance from the pipeline 2 to the microphone 3. Experimental investigations for testing of the proposed method and software carried out in accordance with the following algorithm.
2324 S.O. Gaponenko et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) 2321 2326 5. Algorithm of experimental research Before starting the experiment, a prerequisite is the calibration of the measuring system of the experimental setup. Experimental studies carried out in the following sequence: Microphones are installed at equal distances from the longitudinal axis of the researched pipeline. The initial position pipeline shown in Fig. 3, from which it is seen that the equality of the angles 1 and 2, and distances l 1 l 2. An acoustic transducer is supplied harmonic signal oscillating frequency in the range from 500 to 4000 Hz. A search of the resonance frequency pipeline by the presence of the maximum amplitude of the received microphone signals. Acoustic radiator conduit is excited in the resonant frequency signal, which is detected by microphones. The signal from the microphone is supplied to the personal computer, which made its digitized for comparison. Measurements are taken at different angles 1 and 2 of pipeline deviation from the longitudinal axis (OX) installation, in which change to distance to microphone l 1 and l 2. Compares the amplitude of the received signals of the two microphones. In case of discrepancy between the provisions, the researched pipeline with the axis (OX), the difference of the amplitudes of signals received by the microphones must be proportional to the distance l 1 and l 2. To improve the reliability of the results at each position of the researched pipeline should be not less than three dimensions. In view of the above software requirements for measuring and diagnostic system was implemented based on LabVIEW 8.5 in the following versions [18]: 1. Software Software for determining the location of the hollow objects in their resonant frequency [9,14-17]. This program is designed to determine the location of the hollow objects in their resonant frequency. The program ensures the following functions: range and the generation of the resonant frequency of the hollow object search and receive the generated signal converting the received signal in real time to the spectrum The block diagram of the program shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 4. The block diagram of the program Software package to determine the location of the hollow objects in their resonant frequency
S.O. Gaponenko et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) 2321 2326 2325 The program Program complex for detection of hollow objects by their resonant frequency, designed for detect the location of hollow objects by their resonance frequency [10-17]. The program ensures the following functions: range and the generation of the resonant frequency of the hollow object search and receive the generated signal with two audio cards converting the received signals in real-time spectra comparing received signals from two audio cards Appearance and block diagram of the program shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. Fig. 5. The appearance of the front panel of the program Software complex for detection of hollow objects at their resonant frequency Fig. 6. The block diagram of the program Software complex for detection of hollow objects at their resonant frequency
2326 S.O. Gaponenko et al. / Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) 2321 2326 6. Conclusion Preliminary results, conducted with the proposed experimental setup and software, indicate the viability of the process. It is advisable to conduct further investigations, including on industrial sites of various communications networks. References [1] A.V. Izotov, Improved detection of pipeline leaks laid in the ground, Ph.D. diss., Moscow, 2012. [2] E.V. Samoylov, The technical condition of pipelines of heat networks and criteria for repair, Thermal Engineering. 44 (2004). [3] Information on http://defectoscope.ru/?page=literature&lit=tok. [4] I.N. Kanevskiy, E.N. Salnikova, Non-destructive testing methods, Tutorial, DVGTU, Vladivostok, 2007. [5] A.S. Shumaylov,A.G. Gumerov, O.I. Moldavanov, Diagnosis of pipelines, Nedra, Moskva, 1992. [6] E.I. Sokolov, District heating and heat networks, Publised house MEI, Moscow, 2006. [7] S.O. Gaponenko, A.E. Kondratiev, A.R. Zagretdinov, RU Patent 2482515. (2013). [8] A.E. Kondratiev, S.O. Gaponenko, A.R. Zagretdinov, R.Z. Mutigullin, RU Patent 127203. (2013). [9] A.E. Kondratiev, A.R. Zagretdinov, S.O. Gaponenko, RU Certificate of state registration of computer software 2012661393. (2012). [10] A.E. Kondratiev, A.R. Zagretdinov, S.O. Gaponenko, RU Certificate of state registration of computer software 2013610546. (2012). [11] A.E. Kondratiev, S.O. Gaponenko, A.R. Zagretdinov, S.D. Safina, RU Certificate of state registration of computer software 2013661788. (2013). [12] S.O. Gaponenko, A.E. Kondratiev, A.S. Kamardin, RU Certificate of state registration of computer software 2015612259. (2015). [13] S.O. Gaponenko, A.E. Kondratiev, M.V. Kalinina, RU Certificate of state registration of computer software 2015612473. (2015). [14] S.O. Gaponenko, A.E. Kondratiev, Device for development of method for determine to location hidden pipelines, News of Higher Schools, Issues of energetics. 7 8 (2014) 123 129. [15] S.O. Gaponenko, Options for registration and analysis of wanted vibroacoustic signal in labview software product, Herald of the North Caucasus Federal University. 44 (2014) 8 15. [16] S.O. Gaponenko, A.E. Kondratiev, Advanced methods and procedures for discovering covert channels, cavities and pipelines with vibroacoustic technique, Herald of the North Caucasus Federal University. 47 (2015) 9 13. [17] S.O. Gaponenko, A.E. Kondratiev, Measuring and diagnostic equipment for locate hidden pipelines, News of Higher Schools, Issues of energetics. 3 4 (2013) 138 141. [18] N.A. Vinogradova, Y.I. Listratov, E.V. Sviridov, Development of application software with LabVIEW, Tutorial, Publishing house MPEI, Moscow, 2005. [19] Ju.J. Petrushenko, Yu.V. Vankov, S.G. Ziganshin, V.V. Serov, Definition of informative parameters of defects of pipelines by the finite element method, News of Higher Schools, Issues of energetics. 7 8 (2009) 149 154. [20] S.G. Ziganshin, Vibroacoustic method and information measuring system kontroya state pipeline based on finite element analysis and neural network modeling, Ph.D. diss., Kazan, 2009.