-öã-ç -öã English (Content) One of the way of expressing time of an event / action is by using tense. Tense ÅØËC Action, Time ÅØË È çúø Åç» í Jç* ûá æ ûª çc. There are three main tenses. They are 1) The present tense ( Ωh- é ç) 2) The past tense ( µº ûª-é ç) 3) The future tense (-- µºn- æuû é ç) 1. The Simple Present Tense: (V1) v æa- Ó-W Å - ô í (Habitual action) îëêæ æ í Jç* ûál-ߪ -ñ -ÊÆç-ü èπ Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: He drinks a cup of milk every morning. They play cricket every Sunday. ƒ Ωy-vAéπ Ææû u (universal truths), ƒ Á -ûª (proverbs) í Jç* ûál-ߪ -ñ --ߪ --ú -EéÀ e.g.: The earth revolves round the sun. Honest is the best policy. The Sun rises in the east. Near future actions ûál-ߪ -ñ --ߪ --ú -EéÀ. e.g.: I leave for Mumbai next Sunday. The match starts in half- an hour. 2. The Present Continuous Tense: (is / am / are + V1 + ing) ö«xúë Ææ -ߪ ç apple ï Ω -í -ûª o æ - í -Jç-* (v æææ hûª Ææ -ߪ ç apple ï Ω -í -ûª o æ ) ûál-ê ç-ü èπ Ö æ-ßá -T ƒh Ω. e.g.: He is watching a movie. They are playing cricket. I am cleaning the room. ÆæO æ µºn- æu-ûª h apple ï Ω-í - apple-ûª o æ í -Jç-* ûál-ê ç-ü èπ Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: My father is leaving for Delhi next week. They are playing their match next Monday. NOTE: éàçü É*a verbs ƒüµ - Ω-ùçí continuous tense apple Ö æ-ßá -Tç-îª-èπÿ-úø--ü. e.g.: See, hear, smell, feel, like, love, hate, desire, want, wish, fear, understand, know, remember, expect, possess, own, belong, have etc. e.g.: I am hating you (wrong) I hate you (correct) R-17-1-18
Å ûë OöÀ apple éìeo verbs v æûëuéπ Å Ωnç apple éìeo- ƒ Ω x continuous tense apple Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: She is feeling for the switch ( Find by Touching) The secretary is seeing the candidates next week. 3. The Present Perfect Tense: (has / have + V3) Just completed actions í Jç* ûá æú -EéÀ Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: They have completed their work. She has drink a cup of tea. Past actions with no definite time í Jç* ûá - æ-ú -EéÀ Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: He has got appointment. I have written a letter. Present perfect Tense ûó just, till now, yet, already, for, since, often, never, this month, this week «çöà adverbs, adverb phrases Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. 4. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense: (has/ have + been + V1 + ing) í ûªç apple - Á ü j, v æææ ûªhç Éçé éì - ƒ-í -ûª o æ ûá - æ-ú -EéÀ Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: She has been working in this School since 1999. They have been waiting for the bus for two hours. NOTE: 'For' is used with 'a period of time'. e.g.: for 2 days, for 2 hours, for 5 years etc... "Since" is used with a 'Point of time'. e.g.: Since 9 am, Since 19 th, Since 2015 etc. 5. The Simple Past Tense (V2): NOTE - 1: NOTE - 2: í ûªç apple æ Ωh- æ - í Jç* ûá - æ-ú -EéÀ Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: He went to a movie yesterday. Lakshmi wrote a letter. í ûªç apple Å - -ô í îëæœ æ - í Jç* ûá - æ-ú -EéÀ 'used to' Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: I used to have black hair. She used to play chess. "Simple past tense" - ago, yesterday, at that time, then, last «çöà adverbs ûó Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. "It's time" & "It's high time ûª yûª V2 Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: It's time the bus left (It's high time) As if, as though ûª yûª èπÿú V2 Ö æ-ßá -Tç-î L. e.g.: Prakash behaves as if he were the headmaster of the school.
6. The Past Continuous Tense: (was/ were + V1 + ing) í ûªç apple äéπ EJl æ d Ææ -ߪ --EéÀ ï Ω -í ûª Ö o æ - í Jç* ûá - æ-ú -EéÀ. e.g.: Vasantha was dancing. She was writing the exam. í ûªç apple È çúø Actions äíé Ææ -ߪ -EéÀ ï Ω -í ûª Öçõ, Ñ È ç-úõç-öàe Past Continuous apple îá -û Ω. e.g.: While she was playing, I was dancing. í ûªç apple È çúø Actions äíé- ƒj ïj-t- - æ púø, çü í Á ü j áèπ \ duration BÆæ èπ ØË action í Jç* îáê p-ô æ púø Past continuous Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: When I was going to school, I saw a snake. The bell rang when I was having lunch. 7. The Past Perfect Tense: (had + V3) í ûªç apple È çúø Actions ïj-t- - æ púø (äéπü E ûª yûª Ì-éπöÀ) çü í ïj-t Action ûá - æ-ú -EéÀ Past Perfect Tense Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. 1. action - past perfect (had + V3) 2. action - simple past (V2) apple Öçú L. e.g.: When I reached the station, the train had left. He said that he had gone to college. Past perfect Tense - 'before', 'after', 'when', 'already' -ûó Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. 8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense: (had + been + V1 + ing) í ûªç apple äéπ Specific time éπçõ çüë Á ü j, Ç time Ωèπ éì - ƒ-t æ - í Jç* ûá -Ææ -éó- -ú -EéÀ Ö æßá T ƒh Ω. e.g.: He had been living in Hyderabad for 5 years before I went there. They had been studying in the college before I joined. 9. The Simple Future Tense: (will / shall + V1) µºn- æu-û apple ï Ω-í - apple-ûª o æ - í Jç* ûá - æ-ú -EéÀ Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: He will leave for Nalgonda this evening. I shall talk to you tomorrow. 10. The Future Continuous Tense: (will/ shall + be + V1 + ing) µºn- æu-û apple äéπ Ææ -ߪ -EéÀ ï Ω-í - - o æ - í Jç* ûá - æ-ú -EéÀ Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: When she goes to office, they will be doing their work. I shall be teaching grammar them. 11. The Future Perfect Tense: (will/shall + have + V3) - µº-n æu-û apple äéπ E-Jl æ d Ææ -ߪ -EéÀ çüë æ Jh é apple-ûª o æ í Jç* ûá - æ-ú -EéÀ Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. Ñ Tense ƒüµ - Ω-ùçí by, before ûó Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ω. e.g.: I shall have completed my work by next week. He will have written the novel before the end of this month.
Practice Questions 1. Identify the correct sentence that contains all the words in the box. Sun, clouds, makes, the, us, far 1) The clouds makes the sun for us. 2) The Sun clouds makes for us. 3) The Sun makes us for the clouds. 4) The Sun makes the clouds for us 2. To make the Past Perfect Tense we use this helping verb... 1) have 2) had 3) has 4) having 3. Where... in village near Vijayawada? (Fill in the blank choosing the correct answer). 1) your uncle lives 2) does your uncle live 3) lives your uncle live 4) do your uncle live 4. Didn't you go to the cinema yesterday? (Identify the response) 1) Yes, I didn't 2) No, I do 3) Yes, I did 4) No, I did 5. Mr. Rao: Are you going to the party? Mr. John:... Identify Mr. John's response. 1) No, I haven't invited 2) Yes, I haven't been invited 3) No, I haven't been invited 4) Yes, I haven't been being invited 6. The train... (arrive) before we... reach the station. 1) will arrive, will reach 2) arrives, reach 3) will be arriving, shall reach 4) will have arrived, reach 7. Identify the second persons response Person I: Didn't you go shopping yesterday? Person II:... 1) No, I did 2) Yes, I did 3) No, I had done 4) Yes, I didn't 8. Identify the sentence that shows the speaker's past habit. 1) I had to go to the cinema everyday 2) I went to the cinema everyday 3) I go to the cinema every Sunday 4) I used to go to the cinema every Sunday 9. It was warm. So I... my coat (take) Fill in the blank with the correct form of the word given in the bracket. 1) was taking 2) took 3) am taking 4) have taken
10. She saw me. The negative form of the sentence is... 1) She didn't see me 2) She doesn't see me 3) She is not seen me 4) She don't see me 11. The shop... at 10 O' clock generally. 1) opens 2) open 3) opened 4) would open 12. It's late. It's time we... home. 1) go 2) went 3) would go 4) going 13. When he... back the answer script, he saw that he... several mistakes. 1) got, made 2) get, made 3) got, had made 4) had got, made 14. Aruna... English for five years. 1) had been learning 2) will be learning 3) learns 4) has been learning 15. If you..., I will go. 1) comes 2) come 3) came 4) had come 16. It... they are happy? 1) seems 2) seemed 3) is seemed 4) has seemed Choose the correct pair of words to fill in the blanks. 17. It is time you... 1) beging the work 2) to begin the work 3) began the work 4) will begin the work 18.... the weather good when you... on Holiday? (TET- March 2014) 1) was, was 2) were, were 3) were, was 4) was, were 19. 'She likes mangoes" - If you change the sentence into the negative correctly, you will get: (TET March - 2014) 1) She does not like mangoes 2) She will not like mangoes 3) She don't like mangoes 4) She doesn't likes mangoes 20. Small boys... Ice creams (TET March - 2014) 1) will liked 2) likes 3) are liking 4) like 21. They... living here since 2009 (TET-Jan 2012) 1) have been 2) has been 3) are being 4) have being
22. This paper... twice a week. 1) appears 2) appear 3) will appear 4) appeared 23. Pavan usually... 1) plays cards 2) is playing cards 3) played cards 4) was playing cards 24. Seeds... in the month of September. 1) were sowed 2) sowed 3) are sowed 4) saws ANSWERS 1-4; 2-2; 3-2; 4-3; 5-3; 6-4; 7-2; 8-4; 9-2; 10-1; 11-1; 12-2; 13-3; 14-4; 15-2; 16-1; 17-3; 18-4; 19-1; 20-4; 21-1; 22-1; 23-1; 24-3. Writer: M. Veerababu