Cost-Effective GNSS FIG activities and IIGS Research (Overview Contribution)

Cost-Effective GNSS FIG activities and IIGS Research (Overview Contribution) Workshop on Cost Effective Positioning and Geo Data Volker Schwieger Institute of Engineering Geodesy (IIGS), University of Stuttgart, Germany 20 th April 2017, Novosibirsk, Russia

Overview FIG Activities Commission 5 Mission and Structure Publications Recent and Future Activities IIGS Research Publications History Current Results Future Plans Cost-Effective GNSS FIG activities and IIGS Research, Schwieger, GeoSiberia 2017 20 April 2017 No. 2

International Federation of Surveyors Fédération Internationale des Géomètres International Vereinigung der Vermessungsingenieure Members 121 countries represented in 2015 more than 300,000 individuals

FIG Structure Com 1: Professional Standards and Practice Com 2: Professional Education Com 3: Spatial Information Management Com 4: Hydrography Com 5: Positioning and Measurement Com 6: Engineering Surveys Com 7: Cadastre and Land Management Com 8: Spatial Planning and Development Com 9: Valuation and the Management of Real Estate Com 10: Construction Economics and Management

FIG Commission 5 Mission Mission statement - The five F ; - Focus on modern technologies, technical development and assist surveyors through guidelines and recommendations - Facilitate and follow technical development through collaboration with other commissions and other international organisations - Foster and support research and development and stimulate new ideas. - Formulate and formalise collaboration with manufacturers on the improvement on instruments and associated software - FIG Events use these to present and promote the work of the Commission and its working groups

FIG Commission 5 Structure Chair: Volker Schwieger, Germany Vice-Chair of Administration: Li Zhang, Germany WG 5.1: Standards, Quality Assurance and Calibration (David Martin, France) WG 5.2: 3D Reference Frames (Nic Donnelly, New Zealand) WG 5.3: Vertical Reference Frames (Kevin Kelly, USA / Dan Roman, USA) WG 5.4: GNSS (Neil D Weston, USA / Suelynn Choy, Australia) WG 5.5: Multi-Sensor-Systems (Allison Kealy, Australia / Guenther Retscher, Austria / Joint with IAG /Com. 6) WG 5.6: Cost Effective Positioning (Leonid A. Lipatnikov, Russia)

Relevant FIG Commission 5 Publications 2010 and 2014 Working Group 5.4 GNSS, Neil Weston & Volker Schwieger

Relevant FIG Commission 5 Publications Topics a) Cost-Effective Rovers / Low-Cost GNSS Receivers receiver class used signal applications accuracy costs navigation code or phasesmoothed code, 1 frequency car navigation, location based services, sailing, mass market 1 to 10 m 5 100 geodetic code and phase, in general 2 frequencies surveying, geodesy, geodynamics 0.001 to 0.1 m 10 000-30 000 b) Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) Networks c) Web-based Positioning Tools

Relevant FIG Commission 5 Publications 250000 GNSS cost estimation (non cost-effective) overall costs per year [ ] 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 low / 1 high / 70 labor costs labor costs fixed costs

Relevant FIG Commission 5 Publications 250000 variant 2 - low-cost receiver overall costs per year [ ] 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 low / 1 high / 70 labor costs labor costs fixed costs benefit [ ] 140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 cost benefit for different variants variant 1 variant 2 combination of 1 and 2 1 10 70 labor costs

Recent and Future Activities Technical Seminar on Reference Frames in Practice Reference Frames, Datum Unification and Kinematics 1-2 May 2016 at Rydges Latimer, Christchurch, New Zealand

Recent and Future Activities Technical Seminar on Reference Frames in Practice Reference Frames, Datum Unification and Kinematics 1-2 May 2016 at Rydges Latimer, Christchurch, New Zealand

Recent and Future Activities Currently working on New Edition Low Cost Precise Positioning, WG 5.4 and WG 5.6!

IIGS Research Publications I Schwieger, V.: Using Handheld GPS receivers for precise positioning. Proceedings on 2nd FIG regional conference, Marrakesh, Marocco, 2.-5.12. 2003. Schwieger, V, Gläser, A.: Possibilities of Low Cost GPS Technology for Precise Geodetic Applications. Proceedings on FIG Working Week 2005, Kairo, Ägypten, 16.-21.04. 2005. Schwieger, V.: Quality of Low-Cost GPS for Geodetic and Navigation Applications. GIS@development Middle East, Heft Nr. 5, September - Oktober, 2005. Schwieger, V., Wanninger, L.: Potential von GPS Navigationsempfängern. In: GPS und Galileo. Beiträge zum 66. DVW-Seminar am 21. und 22. Februar 2006 in Darmstadt, Wißner Verlag, Augsburg, 2006. Schwieger, V.: High-Sensitivity GNSS the Low-Cost Future of GPS?. Proceedings on FIG Working Week 2007, Hongkong SAR, 13.-17.05. 2007. Schwieger, V.: High-Sensitivity GPS - an availability, reliability and accuracy test. Proceedings on FIG Working Week, Stockholm, Schweden, 14.-19.06.2008. Schwieger, V.: Accurate High-Sensitivity GPS for Short Baselines. FIG Working Week, Eilat, Israel, 03.-08.05.2009. Schwieger, V.: High-Sensitivity GPS für geodätische Anwendungen. 83.DVW-Seminar, GNSS 2009: Systeme, Dienste, Anwendungen. Dresden, 18.-19.03.2009. Zhang, L., Stange, M., Schwieger, V.: Reducing the Costs of Geodetic Monitoring. GIM International, September 2012. Zhang, L., Stange, M., Schwieger, V.: Automatic Low-cost GPS Monitoring System using WLAN Communication. FIG Working Week, Rome, Italy, 06.-10.05.2012.

IIGS Research Publications II Schwieger, V., Zhang, L.: Automatisches geodätisches Monitoring mit Low-Cost GNSS. Messtechnik im Bauwesen, Spezial 2012, Verlag Ernst & Sohn, Berlin. Zhang, L., Schwieger, V.: Investigation regarding different antennas Combined with low-cost receiver. FIG Working Week, Abuja, Nigeria, 06.-10.05.2013. Zhang, L., Schwieger, V.: Monitoring mit Low-Cost GPS Empfängern Chancen und Grenzen. In: 124. DVW-Seminar: GNSS 2013 Schneller, Genauer, Effizienter. Karlsruhe, 14.- 15.03.2013. Zhang, L.: Time-Spatial Analysis for Low-Cost GPS Time Series. In: Karpik, A., Schwieger, V., Novitskaya, A., Lerke, O. (Hrsg.): Proceedings on International Workshop on Integration of Point- and Area-wise Geodetic Monitoring for Structures and Natural Objects. SSGA, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2014. Zhang, W., Zhang, L.: Time Series Analysis of Different Shieldings of Low-Cost GPS Receiver. Proceedings on 2nd International workshop on Integration of Point- and Area-wise Geodetic Monitoring for Structures and Natural Objects, March 23-24, 2015, Stuttgart, Germany Zhang, L.: Reducing Multipath Effects by Considering Spatial Correlation. Proceedings on 2nd International workshop on Integration of Point- and Area-wise Geodetic Monitoring for Structures and Natural Objects, March 23-24, 2015, Stuttgart, Germany. Zhang, L.; Schwieger, V.: Improving the Quality of Low-cost GPS Receiver Data for Monitoring Using Spatial Correlations. Journal of Applied Geodesy, Heft 2, de Gruyter, 2016. Zhang, Li: Qualitätssteigerung von Low-Cost-GPS Zeitreihen für Monitoring Applikationen durch zeitlich-räumliche Korrelationsanalyse, Dissertation (PhD thesis) Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Verlag C. H. Beck, DGK, Reihe C, Nr. 776

IIGS Research - History First Publication at IIGS/IAGB: Schwieger, V.: Using Handheld GPS receivers for precise positioning. Proceedings on 2nd FIG regional conference, Marrakesh, Marocco, 2.-5.12. 2003. Next slide: Schwieger, V.: High-Sensitivity GNSS the Low-Cost Future of GPS?. Proceedings on FIG Working Week 2007, Hongkong SAR, 13.-17.05. 2007: No. 16

IIGS Research - History Deviations to Given Coordinates 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.0 deviation [cm] 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.2 2.2 2.4 lattitude longitude height 3D 1.0 0.5 0.0 5 4 1 7 10 pilar number Standard deviation horizontal: 1.5 cm / vertical 2.0 cm! No. 17

IIGS Research - History Zhang, L., Stange, M., Schwieger, V.: Automatic Low-cost GPS Monitoring System using WLAN Communication. FIG Working Week, Rome, Italy, 06.-10.05.2012 No. 18

IIGS Current Results 07.03-01.04.2014,9 stations (antenna array): - u-blox EVK-6T single frequency GPS-receiver - Trimble Bullet III Antenne - self-constructed L1-optimized choke rings ground plane Metal Wall Antenna Array High Buildings K1 und K2 SAPOS-Station K1 N K2 S ca. 500 m 50 cm tracks Box ca. 100m ca. 50m 4 5 6 5 m 0,5 m 1 m 0,5 m 1 m Antenna Array gondola Spatial 8 Correlation! 7 9 8,8 m 10 11 12 Metal Wall Metal Wall No. 19

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Correlations 0.64 Cross-correlation functions between baseline s-a4 and s-a5 E 4 5 6 0.67 N 7 Spatial 8 Correlation! 9 0.59 10 11 Metal Wall 12-2000 0 2000 h 0.64 Time Shifts [seconds] Combination of white, red, colored noise (or non-correlating and correlating error) After 1000 seconds/ 15 minutes no correlations No. 20

deformation 0 Evaluation- simulated Deformation Measurement only on unmoved objekt (no deformation) Evaluation by simulated Deformation Detection of step and linear deformations (landslides) step deformation Defor E [mm] Defor N [mm] Defor h [mm] 4 2 0 6 4 2 0 10 5 0 simulated Simulierte sprunghafte step deformations Deformation deformation 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 linear deformation 0 t 0 t t 0 t 0 + t 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Beobachtungszeit [s] Observation Time [s] in middle of the 1. block, remain in other follwing blocks simulated step deformation: 1σ of Baseline s-a4: s E = 3.2 mm, s N = 5.6 mm, s h = 9.0 mm, s p = 11.0 mm t No. 21

Standardabweichung Mean Mittelwerte Position Position Position [mm] [mm] [mm] 18 20 16 18 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 6 4 2 0 Evaluation- Results (s-a4 corrected by s-a5) Mean Std of of the the blocks blocks (Position) Standard Deviation Position [mm] Original Methode 2 2 s P = 9. 1 mm s P = 4. 4 mm Improvement: ca. 52 %! 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 Block Blocknummer Number Blocknummer Block Number Detection Quota of Deformation (11) Original Improvement: ca. 50 %! Method ζ E ζ N ζ h ζ m ζ E ζ N ζ h ζ m 18.8 % 24.0 % 16.7 % 19.8 % 74.0 % 78.1 % 65.6 % 72.6 % No. 22

Evaluation- Results (s-a4 corrected by other baselines) Std. Mean Position Detection [mm] Quota Standardabweichung [mm] Mittlere Detektionsquoten 75,00% 75 % 10 9 70,00% 8 70 % 7 6 65,00% 5 65 % 4 3 60,00% 2 60 % 1 55 % 55,00% 0 s-a4 original s-a5 s-a5 s-a6 s-a6 s-a7 s-a7 s-a8 s-a8 s-a9 s-a9 s-a10 s-a10 s-a11 s-a11 s-a12 s-a12 Spatial Correlation 1,00 0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10 a11 a12 A B No. 23

IIGS Research Future Plans Future Plans Low cost multiple GNSS Low cost multiple frequency GNSS mm-positioning in less than a minute Separation of deformations and multipath effects by adaptive bandpass filter Applications to monitoring and kinematic positioning Automation of processing and communication Development of prototypes, Commercialization No. 24

CONTACT Thank you very much for your attention! Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Volker Schwieger Institute of Engineering Geodesy, University of Stuttgart Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24 D 70174 Stuttgart Germany Tel: +49-711-685-84040 Fax:+49-711-685-84044 E-mail: volker.schwieger@ingeo.uni-stuttgart.de 20 April 2017 No. 25