There are four methods used to apply antifouling paint to bare fiberglass hulls. One of the most important parts to each system is to be sure the bottom is completely cleaned and de waxed prior to sanding or applying any products. All bare fiberglass, regardless of age, should be thoroughly cleaned with 92 Bio Blue Hull Surface Prep or de waxed several times with Pettit D 95 Dewaxer or 120 Brushing Thinner. When using 92 Bio Blue Hull Surface Prep, pour out some of the 92 Bio Blue into a roller pan, then using a short nap roller (3/16 inch maximum) apply the 92 Bio Blue Hull Surface Prep to an area approximately 5 feet by 5 feet. Once the area has been covered with the Bio Blue, scrub the surface by hand in a circular motion using a fine to medium Scotch Brite pad. Wipe the area with a wet sponge until all of the 92 Bio Blue and scrubbing residue has been completely removed from the surface. Rinse sponge and change rinse water often. Where feasible, hose off the surface residue and residual 92 Bio Blue with fresh water and let dry. When using D 95 Dewaxer or 120 Brushing Thinner, apply in a circular motion, applying a liberal wet coat. Wipe dry with a clean rag to remove contaminants. Change applicator and cleaning rags often. Follow all directions on product label closely. Modern boat hulls constructed of Vinylester resins generally retain more mold release waxes, therefore, they should be cleaned and de waxed at least four times prior to applying primer coat. Application Methods: I. Sanding Method II. High Build Epoxy Primer Method III. Sandless Method: IV. Easy 2 Step Sandless Method I. Sanding Method: Thoroughly clean and de wax the hull as described above with 92 Bio Blue Hull Surface Prep, D 95 Dewaxer, or 120 Brushing Thinner. Sand thoroughly with 80 grit sandpaper to a dull, frosty finish and rewash the sanded surface with 120 Brushing Thinner to remove sanding residue. Careful observation of the above instructions will help ensure long term adhesion of this and subsequent years antifouling paint. Apply at least two coats of antifouling paint. II. High Build Epoxy Primer Method: Pettit Technical Bulletin Bottom Painting Bare Fiberglass This method is highly recommended where blister protection is a concern or on boats that have recently been stripped by a blasting method. Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy Primer is a heavy duty, two component epoxy coating for use where maximum resistance to fresh or salt water is required. It reduces water absorption in fiberglass hulls, making it an excellent choice for the prevention and repair of osmotic blisters. Pettit Protect s high solids formula allows for quicker and easier application with fewer coats necessary for effective protection. Thoroughly clean and de wax the hull as described above with 92 Bio Blue Hull Surface Prep, D 95 Dewaxer, or 120 Brushing Thinner. Sand the surface thoroughly with 60 grit sandpaper and rewash with 120 Brushing Thinner to remove sanding residue. Apply at least three coats of Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy Primer following the application and recoat instructions. Total dry film thickness is more important than the actual number of coats applied. On metal and fiberglass, if 12 mils total DFT is not achieved with three coats, additional coats are recommended until 12 mils total DFT is achieved. Finish with two coats of Pettit antifouling paint. For detailed application instructions on Pettit s High Build Epoxy Primer see Technical Bulletin TB1000 Gelcoat Blister Repair and Prevention.
A single coat of Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy Primer can also be used in place of Pettit 6998 Skip Sand Primer for the Sandless Method providing the hull has been thoroughly cleaned and prepped using 92 Bio Blue and a Scotch Brite pad. III. Sandless Method: To eliminate the sanding operation, thoroughly clean and de wax the hull as described above with 92 Bio Blue Hull Surface Prep, D 95 Dewaxer, or 120 Brushing Thinner. Then apply one thin coat of Pettit 6998 Skip Sand Primer. Use a 3/16 or less nap when applying by roller, a 1/8 nap roller is recommended. These rollers can be found in mohair type (usually called adhesive applicators ) or solvent resistant foam type. Consult the primer label for complete application and antifouling top coating instructions. Let dry in accordance with the primer labels and apply bottom paint. Pettit 6998 Skip Sand Primer is a pre treatment primer designed to adhere tenaciously to un sanded and de waxed fiberglass gelcoat. When properly top coated with antifouling paint, the primers and antifouling will bond together strongly, resulting in a finish with excellent overall adhesion. These primers are ideal for use over vinyl ester gelcoats, where sanding of the gelcoat may void osmotic blister warranties. Skip Sand Primer may be used over conventional gelcoats as well, and as a tie coat between two part epoxy primers and antifouling paints. Pettit 6998 Skip Sand Primer has a fairly large time window when antifouling paint must be applied. Antifouling paint can be applied in as little as a few hours or up to 7 days making it an ideal primer to use when the antifouling application is not rushed and can be performed over two or more days. A single coat of Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy Primer can also be used in place of Pettit 6998 Skip Sand Primer for the Sandless Method providing the hull has been thoroughly cleaned and prepped using 92 Bio Blue and a Scoth brite pad. IV. Easy 2 Step Sandless Method Thoroughly clean and prep hull using 92 Bio Blue and a Scoth brite pad as described above. Wipe surface to remove any excess moisture and apply one of the Hydrocoat antifouling paints. Tips for Using Skip Sand Primer Pettit Technical Bulletin Bottom Painting Bare Fiberglass Allow the 6998 Skip Sand Primer to dry completely tack free. The primer has dried tack free when no surface tackiness is felt when applying moderate pressure with a fingertip. Use the chart below to determine when to apply antifouling paint. Humidity, ventilation, film thickness, as well as temperature can all affect the rate at which this Primer dries. 6998 Skip Sand Primer Application Temperature 50 60 Degrees When Used Under All Ablative or Hard Bottom Paints Must be Completed Within 7 Days Apply bottom paint after a minimum 4 hours and up to a maximum of 7 days 70 Degrees Apply bottom paint after a minimum 3 hours and up to a maximum of 7 days 80 100 Degrees Apply bottom paint after a minimum 2 hours and up to a maximum of 7 days
Gelcoat Blister Repair and Prevention The following specification is for the repair and prevention of gelcoat blistering in fiberglass hulls. Close attention to detail is essential to obtain maximum results. When applied properly, the Pettit Protect system will reduce water absorption in fiberglass hulls. Many factors influence the tendency for a hull to blister, including poor manufacturing and lay up technique, under or over catalyzation of polyester resin, and water soluble contaminants in the laminate, therefore, no coating system can guarantee that gelcoat blisters will not recur at some point in the future. Beyond the general application instructions, the painting specification is broken down into three sections based on the severity of the blistering problem. Each section is independent of the others and contains full surface preparation prior to following the general application instructions. I. GENERAL APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS II. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF NEW OR NON BLISTERED HULLS III. REPAIR OF HULLS WITH MINOR BLISTERING IV. REPAIR OF HULLS WITH SEVERE BLISTERING I. GENERAL APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS 1. Mix both components of the Pettit Protect 4700/4701 Gray or 4100/4101 White High Build Epoxy Primer thoroughly. Then mix the two components together in the ratio of 3 parts of Component A to 1 part of Component B by volume. Allow to stand 15 minutes at approximately 70 before using. (Allow to stand at least 30 minutes if temperature is between 50 and 65 F). Do not mix more material than can be used within the specified pot life shown. Air Temperature Induction Time Pot Life 90 F 10 minutes 2.5 hours 70 F 15 minutes 5 hours 50 F 30 minutes 10 hours 2. Apply three coats of Pettit Protect 4700/4701 Gray or 4100/4101 White High Build Epoxy Primer. Wet film thickness should be 7 mils per coat, which yields 4 mils dry film thickness. Avoid applying more than 10 wet mils per coat as this may result in solvent entrapment. A wet film thickness gauge should be used to monitor paint application. Total dry film thickness (DFT) for a three coat application should be 12 mils minimum for maximum coating performance. If this has not been achieved with three coats, additional coats are recommended until 12 dry mils is reached. Apply the Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy Primer per the recoat schedule below. Hull Temperature Recoat Window 90 F 2 hrs 14 days 70 F 3 hrs 14 days 50 F 6 hrs 14 days If the maximum dry time between coats of High Build Epoxy Primer is exceeded, you must sand the previous coat thoroughly with 80 grit production paper before applying the next coat. Failure to sand will result in poor adhesion between coats and eventual coating delamination. Recoating before the minimum dry time may result in solvent entrapment, also causing coating failure. 3. Apply the first coat of Pettit antifouling paint over the last coat of epoxy within the specified overcoating schedule shown below. Hull Temperature To Bottom Paint (Hours) 90 F 3 6 70 F 5 8 50 F 7 10 If these dry times are exceeded, you must sand the last coat of epoxy thoroughly with 80 grit production paper before applying antifouling paint or apply another coat of epoxy if recoat window has not been exceeded. Do not apply antifouling paint before the minimum dry time, as mud cracking of the antifouling may result.
Gelcoat Blister Repair and Prevention 4. Allow the system to cure thoroughly before launching the boat. Follow the recommended launch times shown below. Temperature Minimum Launch Time After Last Coat of Epoxy 90 F 48 hours 70 F 72 hours 50 F 120 hours II. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF NEW OR NON BLISTERED HULLS 1. If the boat is new or has never been bottom painted, scrub the hull thoroughly with a detergent and water solution. Flush the hull thoroughly with plenty of water to ensure complete removal of the detergent solution and water soluble contaminants. Or If the boat has been bottom painted, remove the existing paint with a bottom paint remover made for fiberglass hulls, or remove by sanding with 80 grit production paper. All traces of antifouling paint (or any other paint or coating) must be removed completely. 2. Clean and prep the surface thoroughly using Pettit 92 Bio Blue or wash the surface several times with Pettit D95 Fiberglass Dewaxer, changing rags frequently to ensure that all contaminants are removed from the hull. 3. Sand the gelcoat thoroughly with 80 grit production paper. All surfaces should be a uniform dull, frosty finish. Inadequate sanding of the surface will result in eventual failure of paint adhesion. 4. Remove sanding residue with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner and plenty of clean rags. 5. Follow General Application instructions in Section I III. REPAIR OF HULLS WITH MINOR BLISTERING 1. Remove the existing paint with a bottom paint remover made for fiberglass hulls, or remove by sanding with 80 grit production paper. All traces of antifouling paint (or any other paint or coating) must be removed completely. 2. Clean and prep the surface thoroughly using 92 Bio Blue or wash the surface several times with Pettit D95 Fiberglass Dewaxer, changing rags frequently to ensure that all contaminants are removed from the hull. 3. Sand the surface thoroughly with 80 grit production paper and rewash with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner to remove the sanding residue. 4. Puncture all blisters and grind out any bad gelcoat or laminate. 5. Rinse the entire surface with fresh water to remove the water soluble contaminants leaching from the blistered areas and let dry. 6. Check the moisture content of the hull with a moisture meter. Take numerous readings along the length of the hull both above and below the waterline. When the hull has approached maximum achievable dryness, the moisture meter readings will be around 2 3%. Do not proceed with the blister repair until all readings are below 3%, as moisture trapped in the hull will lead to further blistering and a wet substrate cannot provide permanent bonding. 7. Apply West System 105/205 or System Three SilverTip Epoxy following instructions for application. Apply the epoxy to the blister cavities by brush making sure all blister surfaces are thoroughly saturated with epoxy resin. Let dry 3 5 hours at 77 F. then proceed to step 8 or allow the epoxy to cure hard and then lightly scrub it with plenty of fresh water and a Scotch brite pad or soft scrub brush to remove any amine blush formed during curing. 8. Sand West System or System Three Epoxy with 80 grit production paper and wash with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner to remove the sanding residue.
Gelcoat Blister Repair and Prevention 9. Mix Pettit 7050 EZ Fair Epoxy Fairing Compound according to the label instructions. Knife or squeegee the compound into the blister cavities until they are flush with the surface and allow to cure hard. Wipe off excess fairing compound before it hardens to avoid unnecessary sanding. When completely hardened, sand the fairing compound smooth with 80 grit production paper and wipe clean with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner. 10. Follow General Application instructions in Section I IV. REPAIR OF HULLS WITH SEVERE BLISTERING Surface Preparation and Hull Drying In the case of a severely blistered boat, it is generally recognized that complete removal of the gelcoat is necessary in order to correctly address the blistering problem. Gelcoat removal may be accomplished by grinding, sanding, sandblasting, water blasting, or gelcoat peeling. Sandblasting and gelcoat peeling are by far the fastest ways to remove gelcoat, and when performed by a skilled professional yield a surface which will readily accept the coating system applied over it. Complete removal of the gelcoat should only be performed upon the advice of a qualified Marine Surveyor. 1. Remove all existing antifouling paint and/or gelcoat by sanding, sandblasting, or gelcoat peeling. Make sure all blistered areas have been opened up and any bad laminate removed. 2. Flush the entire surface with fresh water to remove water soluble contaminants leaching from the blistered gelcoat or laminate. 3. If the gelcoat has been peeled, it is possible that the surface may actually be too smooth and may require sanding with 80 grit production paper. Sandblasted surfaces should be checked for adequate surface roughness as well. All surfaces should possess the equivalent surface roughness of that obtained by sanding with 80 grit production paper. 4. Clean the surface with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner. 5. Check the moisture content of the hull with a moisture meter. Take numerous readings along the length of the hull both above and below the waterline. When the hull has approached maximum achievable dryness, the moisture meter readings will be around 2 3%. Do not proceed with the blister repair until all readings are below 3%, as moisture trapped in the hull will lead to further blistering. 6. While the hull is drying out, wash the surface frequently with fresh water to remove water solubles weeping from the laminate as it dries. These washings will not appreciably affect the moisture content of the hull or retard the drying process. The removal of water soluble contaminants is critical to the success of a blister repair system and must not be neglected. 7. Apply West System 105/205 or System Three SilverTip Epoxy following instructions for application. Apply the epoxy to the blister cavities by brush making sure all blister surfaces are thoroughly saturated with epoxy resin. Allow the epoxy to cure hard and then lightly scrub it with plenty of fresh water and a Scotch brite pad or soft scrub brush to remove any amine blush formed during curing. If the surface is very porous additional coats of epoxy should be applied. 8. When the final coat of West System 105/205 or System Three SilverTip Epoxy has cured hard, scrub with fresh water and a Scotch brite pad or soft bristled brush to remove any amine blush formed during curing and sand thoroughly with 80 grit production paper. Wipe clean with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner. 9. Mix Pettit 7050 EZ Fair Epoxy Fairing Compound according to the label instructions. Knife or squeegee the compound into the blister cavities until they are flush with the surface and allow to cure hard. Wipe off excess fairing compound before it hardens to avoid unnecessary sanding. When completely hardened, sand the fairing compound smooth with 80 grit production paper and wipe clean with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner. 10. Follow General Application instructions in Section I
Pettit Technical Bulletin Underwater Metal Systems There are several systems available for underwater metals. The chart below details Pettit s systems for use on underwater metals including aluminum outdrives, stainless steel and bronze propellers, shafts, struts, strainers, etc. and aluminum hulls, including pontoon boats. Other systems are available for underwater metals such as cast iron, steel and lead, consult our Product Data Sheets for more information. Our better and best conventional systems utilize primers to separate the antifouling paint film from the underwater metals. Our Tie Coat, Aluma Protect, and Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy primers all provide additional corrosion protection by separating the underwater metals from coming in contact with salt water. Pettit Paints has a solution for all underwater metal running gear, including steel, stainless or galvanized steel, bronze, and aluminum. As with all paint systems, the quality of the products adhesion depends on the surface it is applied to. Make sure all surfaces are clean and properly prepped as per the directions on the product s label. All previous surfaces should be in good condition in order to achieve proper adhesion. Further information can be found on our Product Data Sheets. Good System Better System Best System Outdrives (Bare Metal) Metal Primer 6455/044* (1 coat) Vivid Free (2 coats) or Spray Alumaspray + (Apply 1 aerosol can per unit) Metal Primer 6455/044* (1 coat) Tie Coat Primer (1 coat) Ultima Eco, Hydrocoat Eco, or Vivid Antifouling (2 coats) Metal Primer 6455/044* (1 coat) Tie Coat Primer (2 coats) Ultima Eco, Hydrocoat Eco, or Vivid Antifouling (2 coats) Outdrives (Previously Painted) Scuff Surface Ultima Eco, or Vivid Free (2 coats) or Spray Alumaspray + (Apply 1 aerosol can per unit) Scuff Surface Tie Coat Primer (1 coat) Ultima Eco, Hydrocoat Eco, or Vivid Antifouling (2 coats) Scuff Surface Tie Coat Primer (2 coats) Ultima Eco, Hydrocoat Eco, or Vivid Antifouling (2 coats) Stainless Steel & Bronze Sandblast or Abrade Surface Spray Prop Coat Barnacle Barrier (2 3 Coats) (Shake can very well) Metal Primer 6455/044* (1 coat) Tie Coat Primer (1 or 2 coats) Hydrocoat Eco, or Vivid (2 coats) or any other hard antifouling (2 coats) Sandblast or Abrade Surface Metal Primer 6455/044* (1 coat) 4700/4701 Pettit Protect (2 coats) Hydrocoat Eco, or Vivid (2 coats) or any other hard antifouling (2 coats) Aluminum Hulls Metal Primer 6455/044* (1 coat) Pontoon Pro, Ultima Eco, Hydrocoat Eco, or Vivid Free (2 coats) (Smooth non abraded surfaces only) Metal Primer 6455/044* (1 coat) Tie Coat Primer (1 or 2 coats) Pontoon Pro, Ultima Eco, Hydrocoat Eco, or Vivid Free (2 coats) Sandblast or Abrade Surface 4400/4401 Aluma Protect (2 coats) 4700/4701 Pettit Protect (2 coats) Pontoon Pro, Ultima Eco, Hydrocoat Eco, or Vivid (2 coats) If paints containing TBT were previously used, Tie Coat primer must be applied before new antifouling paint * If metal substrate temperature is below 60 degrees Fahrenheit, allow overnight dry before proceeding to next step
Pettit Protect & Vivid Epoxy Primer High Build Epoxy Primers Reduces water absorption in fiberglass hulls and prevents osmotic blistering. High film build for maximum protection with fewer coats. Excellent water and chemical resistance. Exceptional protection for steel, aluminum, and other metals. High Performance System for Underwater Running Gear. Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy Primer is a heavy duty, two component epoxy coating for use where maximum resistance to fresh or salt water is required. It reduces water absorption in fiberglass hulls, making it an excellent choice for the prevention and repair of osmotic blisters. Pettit Protect s high-solids formula allows for quicker and easier application with fewer coats necessary for effective protection. Pettit Protect also provides dependable corrosion protection on steel, aluminum, and all other underwater metals. It is ideally suited for commercial and pleasure craft applications and has excellent durability. Pettit Protect white 4100/4101 offers all the benefits of gray Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy Primer in a white color that will not bleed through even the lightest colored bottom paints. Specifically designed for use below white and light colored Vivid bottom paints, its use reduces the number of finish coats needed to achieve full color. Pettit Protect has excellent durability in exterior exposures, although, like most epoxies, it will chalk if not top coated. 4700/4701 Light Gray 4100/4101 White Note: Color differences may occur between actual and color chips shown PHYSICAL DATA VEHICLE TYPE: Epoxy/Polyamide FINISH: Low Luster COLORS: 4700/4701 Light Gray 4100/4101 White COMPONENTS: 2 MIX RATIO (A/B): 3 to 1 (by volume) CURING MECHANISM: Chemical Cure SOLIDS (theoretical) By weight: 71 ± 2% By volume: 56 ± 2% COVERAGE: 225 sq. ft/gal. VOC: 337 Grams/liter (2.81 lbs./gal) - Part A Only 347 grams/liter (2.89 lbs./gal) - Part B only 340 grams/liter (2.83 lbs./gal) - Parts A and B FLASH POINT: 80 F APPLICATION DATA METHOD: Brush, Roller, Airless or Conventional Spray INDUCTION PERIOD: 15 minutes @ 70 F NUMBER OF COATS: 3 minimum DRY FILM THICKNESS PER COAT: 4 mils (7.1 wet mils) APPLICATION TEMP: (air & substrate) 50 F. Min. - 90 F. Max. POT LIFE: 2½ hrs. @ 90 F, 5 hrs. @ 70 F, 10 hrs. @ 50 F DRY TIME: Substrate Temp To Recoat To Bottom Paint To Launch* 90 F 2hrs-14 days 3-6 hrs 48 hrs min 70 F 3hrs-14 days 5-8 hrs 72 hrs min 50 F 6hrs-14 days 7-10 hrs 120 hrs min If these recommended intervals are exceeded, sand thoroughly with 80 grit sandpaper before recoating or applying bottom paint. THINNER: 97 Epoxy Thinner ASSOCIATED PRODUCTS 92 Bio-Blue Hull Surface Prep 95 Fiberglass Dewaxer 97 Epoxy Thinner 6455/044 Metal Primer 6980 Rustlok Primer A-788 Splash-Zone Epoxy Repair Compound 7050 EZ-Fair Epoxy Fairing Compound Pettit Antifouling Paints
Systems Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy Primer Bare Fiberglass: All fiberglass surfaces, regardless of age, should be thoroughly cleaned and prepped using 92 Bio-Blue Hull Surface Prep or washed at least twice with Pettit D-95 Fiberglass Dewaxer. Change rags frequently to ensure complete removal of wax, mold release, or other contaminants. Sand the surface thoroughly with 60 grit sandpaper and rewash with 120 Thinner to remove sanding residue. When using Pettit Protect as an adhesive primer, apply one coat following the application and recoat instructions. When using Pettit Protect as a barrier coat system, apply at least three coats* following the application and recoat instructions. Finish with two coats of Pettit antifouling paint. Blistered Fiberglass: Refer to Pettit Technical Bulletin TB1000 "Gelcoat Blister Repair and Prevention for detailed instructions. Bare Steel: Sandblast to SSPC-SP 6 Commercial blast, blow off residue with clean, compressed air, and immediately apply three coats* of Pettit Protect following application and recoat instructions. Alternatively, hand sand with 80 grit sandpaper or power hand tool clean, then remove residue with clean compressed air or by vacuuming. Immediately apply one coat of Pettit 6980 Rustlok Steel Primer and let dry to a tack free state (usually 30 minutes to 2 hours, dependent on temperature). Then apply three coats of Pettit Protect following application and recoat instructions. Do not let Rustlok Primer dry longer than 2 hours under any circumstances before applying Pettit Protect. Bare Aluminum: Sandblast (using non-metallic media) or disc sand the aluminum to clean, bright metal. Wipe clean of residue and immediately apply one thin coat of Pettit 6455/044 Metal Primer. Let dry 8 hours minimum, 48 hours maximum, and apply three coats* Pettit Protect following application and recoat instructions. Keels - Lead: Disc sand or otherwise abrade surface to bright metal; clean off residue. Apply one thin coat of 6455/044 Metal Primer and allow to dry eight hours. Apply one coat of Pettit Protect. Let dry to recoat. Then, if fairing is required, apply Pettit 7050 EZ-Fair Epoxy Fairing Compound. Sand smooth with 80 grit sandpaper and follow with two additional coats of Pettit Protect per label directions. Keels - Steel or Cast Iron: Disc sand or otherwise abrade surface to bright metal and clean off residue. Apply one coat of 6980 Rustlok Steel Primer, allowing to dry only ½ - 2 hours prior to overcoating, no more, no less! Apply one coat of Pettit Protect. Let dry to recoat. Then, if fairing is required, apply Pettit 7050 EZ-Fair Epoxy Fairing Compound. Sand smooth and follow with two additional coats of Pettit Protect per label directions. Previously Primed Surfaces: Pettit Protect may be applied over existing two part epoxy finishes, provided they are in sound condition. Brush-off sandblasting or very heavy sanding with 60 grit sandpaper is required to maintain maximum adhesion. Then apply three coats* of Pettit Protect per instructions. Remember, coating performance is only as good as the surface to which it's applied. All existing two package epoxy finishes in poor condition, as well as one package primers and bottom paints, should be removed completely and the appropriate bare system as described above should be followed before using Pettit Protect. *Total dry film thickness is more important than the actual number of coats applied. On metal and fiberglass, if 12 mils total DFT is not achieved with three coats, additional coats are recommended until 12 mils total DFT is achieved.
The Best Protection Against Osmotic blistering and Water Absorption PETTIT PROTECT P R O D U C T S A N D A P P L I C A T I O N S
Pettit Protect for Osmotic Blister Protection High Solids Epoxy Primer High-Build for Easier Application Unique Mica Shield Technology Industry Leading Water Vapor Transmission Rates Easier Application Due to Fewer Coats Only 2 Coats Instead of 6 are Necessary for Protection Less Solvent, Less Solvent Smell VOC Compliant in all Air Districts Available in 2 Colors Gray and White Preferred Choice by Professionals Also Offers Excellent Protection for Steel, Aluminum, and other Metals What causes blistering? The easy answer is water being absorbed through the gelcoat and into the laminate. Polyester resin and fiberglass have been used for building boats for more than 60 years and has proven to be an excellent material for this purpose but it does have some drawbacks. One of the drawbacks is that gelcoat and resin can absorb water. This absorption is primarily done through water vapor transmission through the gelcoat into the laminate beneath. Once water gets into the laminate, it begins to form cells and pull more water vapor toward them and begins to break down the polyester laminate into its various components. Some of these components are water loving and will attract more moisture, eventually causing blistering. When first introduced, fiberglass hulls were built using thick gelcoats followed by using chopped strand fiberglass and polyester resin which made the hulls very stiff and heavy. As the gelcoat aged it became more brittle and after about 12-15 years, many would show cracking. Resin technology has changed over the years and with the introduction of new types of resin technology, newer hulls are built thinner and are more flexible and more likely to show blistering than cracking. In either case, the problem is still water getting to the laminate and breaking it down. What makes Epoxy better than polyester? Epoxy is stronger, more flexible and has better adhesive qualities than polyester resin. While water vapor can pass through any polymeric resin, epoxy is not attacked by water and is not broken down into its various components by water. Epoxies have a fixed cure which means that since the two parts of an epoxy cross-link the rate at which the two parts of the epoxy are mixed are fixed at a given rate and both become part of the cured system. Polyester resin uses an MEKP (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide) catalyst which does not stay in the resin but starts the reaction which cures the resin. 2 Pettit Protect USER MANUAL
Pettit Protect High-Build Epoxy Primers - Faster and easier application - Comprehensive gelcoat blister repair and prevention - High-build formula covers in 2 coats vs the competitions 5 or 6 coats - Exclusive Low-VOC formula developed specifically for friendly application - Available in 2 colors for light and dark over-coating What makes Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy the better choice? Pettit Protect High-Build Epoxy Primer is a heavy duty, two component epoxy coating for use where maximum resistance to fresh or salt water is required. Mica Shield Technology makes Pettit Protect an excellent choice for the prevention and repair of osmotic blisters because it reduces water vapor transmission through the coating and works to prevent water penetration into the gelcoat and fiberglass laminate. Pettit Protect high-solids formula saves time and money because it allows for quicker and easier application with fewer coats necessary for effective protection. When compared to competitive products, Pettit Protect s high-build formula allows for application of heavier coats without it running or sagging while still providing a smooth finish for antifouling paint. Pettit Protect uses less solvent than competition and this reduces solvent smell. Together this results in less labor and less product needed to obtain the Dry Film Thickness (DFT) necessary for the ultimate in protection. Pettit Protect also provides dependable corrosion protection on steel, aluminum, and all other underwater metals. It is ideally suited for commercial and pleasure craft applications and has excellent durability. WATER High Aspect Sheet Mica (INPENETRABLE ) WATER Low Aspect Ground Particle Mica What makes Pettit Protect different? That would be MICA SHIELD TECHNOLOGY. Aspect Ratio All premium epoxy primers use Mica to prevent water intrusion. Pettit Protect Mica is incorporated into the epoxy resin while in sheet form, whereas other competitors use Mica in a ground form. The differences between the types of mica used in epoxy primers is the ratio of the mica particle length to its width. Pettit Protect uses a high aspect ratio mica whereas other competitors used a low aspect ratio mica. The sheets with high aspect ratio Mica are forced to overlay each other creating an impenetrable layer of epoxy. The issue with low aspect ratio Mica is that when rolled out, there is no structure. The Mica isn t guaranteed to overlap and create the impenetrable layer of epoxy. See diagram at the Left. Water Vapor Transmission testing is done to show how fast and how much water vapor will penetrate through a coating. Testing has shown that the water vapor transmission through Pettit Protect is the best in the industry. 3
General Application Instructions 1 2 3 4 Mix both components of the Pettit Protect High-Build Epoxy Primer thoroughly. Then mix the two components together in the ratio of 3 parts of Component A to 1 part of Component B by volume. Allow to stand 15 minutes at approximately 70 before using. (Allow to stand at least 30 minutes if temperature is between 50 and 65 F). Do not mix more material than can be used within the specified pot life shown. For new unblistered hulls or hulls with minor blistering, apply 2 coats of Pettit Protect 4700/4701 Gray or 4100/4101 White and for severely blistered hulls, apply 3 coats of Pettit Protect. Wet film thickness should be 7 mils per coat, which yields 4 mils dry film thickness (DFT). Avoid applying more than 10 wet mils per coat as this may result in solvent entrapment. A wet film thickness gauge should be used to monitor paint application. Total dry film thickness (DFT) for a two coat application will be 8 mils and for a three coat application, there should be 12 mils minimum DFT for maximum coating performance. Make certain that the proper dry film thickness has been achieved by applying the correct amount of Pettit Protect. Apply the Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy Primer per the recoat schedule below. Apply the first coat of Pettit antifouling paint over the last coat of epoxy within the specified overcoating schedule shown below. If these dry times are exceeded, you must sand the last coat of epoxy thoroughly with 80 grit production paper before applying antifouling paint or apply another coat of epoxy if recoat window has not been exceeded. Do not apply antifouling paint before the minimum dry time, as mud cracking of the antifouling may result. Allow the system to cure thoroughly before launching the boat. Follow the recommended launch times shown below. Air Temp Induction Time Pot Life Hull Temp Time to Recoat with Pettit Protect *Time to Coat with Antifouling Air Temp Minimum Launch Time after Last Coat of Epoxy Min Max Min Max 90 F 10 minutes 2.5 hours 90 F 2 hours 60 days 3 hours 6 hours 90 F 48 hours 70 F 15 minutes 5 hours 70 F 2.5 hours 60 days 5 hours 8 hours 70 F 72 hours 45 F 30 minutes 10 hours 45 F 5 hours 60 days 7 hours 10 hours 45 F 120 hours *If the maximum dry time between coats is exceeded, you must sand the previous coat thoroughly with 80-grit production paper before applying the next coat. Failure to sand will result in poor adhesion between coats and eventual coating delamination. Recoating before the minimum dry time may result in solvent entrapment, also causing coating failure. No Sand Priming System for New or Unpainted Fiberglass Hulls 4 Pettit Protect can also be used as an effective one-coat no-sand priming system. 1 2 3 4 If the boat is new or has never been bottom painted, clean and prep the surface thoroughly using Pettit 92 Bio-Blue. Scrub the Pettit 92 Bio-Blue with a 3M Doodlebug and a maroon or brown Scotch-Brite abrasive pad. Ensure that all areas have been thoroughly scrubbed with the Doodlebug and pad. Apply one coat of Pettit Protect 4700/4701 Gray or 4100/4101 White. Wet Film Thickness (WFT) should be seven (7) mils per coat, which yields four (4) mils Dry Film Thickness (DFT). Apply the first coat of Pettit bottom paint over the Pettit Protect. Make sure the Pettit Protect is still thumbprint tacky. See chart above, for dry times. After the required dry time, of the bottom paint, apply a second coat of the Pettit bottom paint. Pettit USER MANUAL Protect
Preventive Maintenance of New or Non-Blistered Hulls 1 2 3 4 If the boat is new or has never been bottom painted, clean and prep the surface thoroughly using Pettit 92 Bio-Blue. Scrub the Pettit 92 Bio-Blue with a 3M Doodlebug and a maroon or brown Scotch-Brite abrasive pad. Ensure that all areas have been thoroughly scrubbed with the Doodlebug and pad. -OR- If the boat has been bottom painted, remove the existing paint with a bottom paint remover made for fiberglass hulls, or remove by sanding with 80-grit production paper. All traces of antifouling paint (or any other paint or coating) must be removed completely. Sand the gelcoat thoroughly with 80-grit production paper. All surfaces should be a uniform dull, frosty finish. Inadequate sanding of the surface will result in eventual failure of paint adhesion. Remove sanding residue with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner and plenty of clean rags. Follow General Application instructions on previous page. Repair of Hulls With Minor Blistering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Remove the existing paint with a bottom paint remover made for fiberglass hulls, or remove by sanding with 80-grit production paper. All traces of antifouling paint (or any other paint or coating) must be removed completely. Clean and prep the surface thoroughly using Pettit 92 Bio-Blue. Scrub the Pettit 92 Bio-Blue with a 3M Doodlebug and a maroon or brown Scotch-Brite abrasive pad. Ensure that all areas have been thoroughly scrubbed with the Doodlebug and pad. Sand the surface thoroughly with 80-grit production paper and rewash with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner to remove the sanding residue. Puncture all blisters and grind out any bad gelcoat or laminate. Rinse the entire surface with fresh water to remove the water-soluble contaminants leaching from the blistered areas and let dry. Check the moisture content of the hull with a moisture meter. Take numerous readings along the length of the hull both above and below the waterline. When the hull has approached maximum achievable dryness, the moisture meter readings will be around 2-3%. Do not proceed with the blister repair until all readings are below 3%, as moisture trapped in the hull will lead to further blistering and a wet substrate cannot provide permanent bonding. Apply West System 105/205 or System Three SilverTip Epoxy following instructions for application. Apply the epoxy to the blister cavities by brush making sure all blister surfaces are thoroughly saturated with epoxy resin. Let dry 3-5 hours at 77 F. Then proceed to Step 8 or allow the epoxy to cure hard and then lightly scrub it with plenty of fresh water and a Scotch-brite pad or soft scrub brush to remove any amine blush formed during curing. Sand West System or System Three Epoxy with 80-grit production paper and wash with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner to remove the sanding residue. Follow General Application instructions on previous page. 5
Repair of Hulls With Severe Blistering Surface Preparation and Hull Drying In the case of a severely blistered boat, it is generally recognized that complete removal of the gelcoat is necessary in order to correctly address the blistering problem. Gelcoat removal may be accomplished by grinding, sanding, sandblasting, water blasting, or gelcoat peeling. Sandblasting and gelcoat peeling are by far the fastest ways to remove gelcoat, and when performed by a skilled professional, yield a surface which will readily accept the coating system applied over it. Complete removal of the gelcoat should only be performed upon the advice of a qualified Marine Surveyor. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Remove all existing antifouling paint and/or gelcoat by sanding, sandblasting, or gelcoat peeling. Make sure all blistered areas have been opened up and any bad laminate removed. Flush the entire surface with fresh water to remove water-soluble contaminants leaching from the blistered gelcoat or laminate. If the gelcoat has been peeled, it is possible that the surface may actually be too smooth and may require sanding with 80-grit production paper. Sandblasted surfaces should be checked for adequate surface roughness as well. All surfaces should possess the equivalent surface roughness of that obtained by sanding with 80-grit production paper. Clean the surface with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner. Check the moisture content of the hull with a moisture meter. Take numerous readings along the length of the hull both above and below the waterline. When the hull has approached maximum achievable dryness, the moisture meter readings will be around 2-3%. Do not proceed with the blister repair until all readings are below 3%, as moisture trapped in the hull will lead to further blistering. While the hull is drying out, wash the surface frequently with fresh water to remove water solubles weeping from the laminate as it dries. These washings will not appreciably affect the moisture content of the hull or retard the drying process. The removal of watersoluble contaminants is critical to the success of a blister repair system and must not be neglected. Apply West System 105/205 or System Three SilverTip Epoxy following instructions for application. Apply the epoxy to the blister cavities by brush making sure all blister surfaces are thoroughly saturated with epoxy resin. Allow the epoxy to cure hard and then lightly scrub it with plenty of fresh water and a Scotch-brite pad or soft scrub brush to remove any amine blush formed during curing. If the surface is very porous, additional coats of epoxy should be applied. When the final coat of West System 105/205 or System Three SilverTip Epoxy has cured hard, scrub with fresh water and a Scotch-brite pad or soft bristled brush to remove any amine blush formed during curing and sand thoroughly with 80-grit production paper. Wipe clean with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner. Mix Pettit 7050 EZ-Fair Epoxy Fairing Compound according to the label instructions. Knife or squeegee the compound into the blister cavities until they are flush with the surface and allow to cure hard. Wipe off excess fairing compound before it hardens to avoid unnecessary sanding. When completely hardened, sand the fairing compound smooth with 80-grit production paper and wipe clean with Pettit 120 Brushing Thinner. Follow General Application instructions on Page 4. 6 Pettit USER MANUAL Protect
Corrosion Protection for Underwater Metals Pettit Protect is also an excellent primer for corrosion protection for all underwater metals. When combined with Aluma Protect, it provides a top-of-the-line corrosion protection system for all aluminum hulls from pontoon boats to superyachts. Applying Pettit Protect to Underwater Metals Bare Steel Sandblast to SSPC-SP 6 Commercial blast, blow off residue with clean, compressed air, and immediately apply three coats* of Pettit Protect following application and recoat instructions. Alternatively, hand sand with 80 grit sandpaper or power hand tool clean, then remove residue with clean compressed air or by vacuuming. Immediately apply one coat of Pettit 6980 Rustlok Steel Primer and let dry to a tack free state (usually 30 minutes to 2 hours, dependent on temperature). Then apply three coats of Pettit Protect following application and recoat instructions. Do not let Rustlok Primer dry longer than 2 hours under any circumstances before applying Pettit Protect. Bare Aluminum Sandblast (using non-metallic media) or disc sand the aluminum to clean, bright metal. Wipe clean of residue and immediately apply one thin coat of Pettit 6455/044 Metal Primer. Let dry 8 hours minimum, 48 hours maximum, and apply three coats* Pettit Protect following application and recoat instructions. Keels - Lead Disc sand or otherwise abrade surface to bright metal; clean off residue. Apply one thin coat of 6455/044 Metal Primer and allow to dry eight hours. Apply one coat of Pettit Protect. Let dry to recoat. Then, if fairing is required, apply Pettit 7050 EZ-Fair Epoxy Fairing Compound. Sand smooth with 80 grit sandpaper and follow with two additional coats of Pettit Protect per label directions. Keels - Steel or Cast Iron Disc sand or otherwise abrade surface to bright metal and clean off residue. Apply one coat of 6980 Rustlok Steel Primer, allowing to dry only 1 2-2 hours prior to overcoating, no more, no less! Apply one coat of Pettit Protect. Let dry to recoat. Then, if fairing is required, apply Pettit 7050 EZ-Fair Epoxy Fairing Compound. Sand smooth and follow with two additional coats of Pettit Protect per label directions. Previously Primed Surfaces Pettit Protect may be applied over existing two-part epoxy finishes, provided they are in sound condition. Brush-off sandblasting or very heavy sanding with 60 grit sandpaper is required to maintain maximum adhesion. Then apply three coats* of Pettit Protect per instructions. Remember, coating performance is only as good as the surface to which it s applied. All existing two package epoxy finishes in poor condition, as well as one package primers and bottom paints, should be removed completely and the appropriate bare system, as described above, should be followed before using Pettit Protect. *Total dry film thickness is more important than the actual number of coats applied. On metal and fiberglass, if 12 mils total DFT is not achieved with three coats, additional coats are recommended until 12 mils total DFT is achieved. 7
Helpful Hints & Tips Colors That Work for You Plan your work so that the first coat of antifouling paint is applied the same day as the last coat of epoxy. Use a 5/16 3/8 nap to apply Pettit Protect. Using a roller with too thin a nap will result in extra work, as additional coats will be necessary to get to the correct dry film thickness. It may also result in a rougher surface. We suggest a microfiber roller such as the Linzer Microfiber Roller. Always start at the keel and work towards the waterline. Pettit Protect should be applied at the rate of 225 square feet per gallon per coat to obtain 7 mils wet film thickness. This is best measured with a wet film thickness gauge. Total dry film thickness is more important than the actual number of coats applied. Thinning is not usually needed but to slow drying in hot weather or windy conditions small amounts of Epoxy Thinner 97 may be added, but no more than 10% by volume. Minimum overcoating times are defined as the time you begin the first coat until the time you begin the second coat. For instance, at 70ºF if you begin the first coat of Pettit Protect at 9:00 AM, you can begin the second coat at 11:30 AM. Pettit Protect is available in gray and white. Both offer all the benefits of Gray Pettit Protect High Build Epoxy Primer. The gray makes it easier to see where you have applied the coating when applying it to a white hull and the white will not bleed color through even the lightest colored bottom paints. You can also alternate the color for each coat to help ensure complete coverage with the correct amount of paint. Pettit Protect has excellent durability in exterior exposures, although, like most epoxies, it will chalk if not top coated. Alternate colors gray-white-gray or white-gray-white, depending on the color of the antifouling. Many applicators alternate between our white and gray epoxy. If the white hides the gray, they have applied enough mils and they ve avoided missing any spots. Apply up to three (3) layers of tape around the waterline initially so that each layer can be peeled off after each coat. GRAY 4700/4701 Use the thumb-print test. The temperature charts are good guidelines but the overcoat time can vary if the mil thickness changes. Test the product by applying pressure with your thumb on to the epoxy. If there is any paint transfer, the window is not open to continue. If it is tacky to the touch (sticky but no paint transfers), you have three (3) hours to apply the first coat of antifouling. For the avid racer, to achieve a smoother surface, roll out a 10-12 square foot area and tip off the roller marks with a brush. (Some non-racers may also be concerned about smooth bottoms.) WHITE 4100/4101 For airless spray applications, use.015 -.019 tip at 85 pounds of pressure. Note: The swatch colors shown on this page are printed approximations of the actual primer colors.
Pettit Protect EPOXY PRIMER How Much Pettit Protect Do I Need? LOA AVERAGE SQUARE FOOTAGE GALLON KITS PER COAT TOTAL GAL. KITS FOR NEW OR NON-BLISTERED HULLS TOTAL GAL.KITS FOR SEVERELY BLISTERED HULLS 20 102 0.5 1 1.5 25 170 0.75 1.5 2.25 30 255 1.25 2.5 3.75 35 342 1.5 3 4.5 40 459 2 4 6 45 574 2.5 5 7.5 50 723 3.35 6.5 9.75 Pettit Marine Paint manufactures and markets a complete line of high performance, American made, marine coatings. Pettit s name is recognized throughout the world as a leader in the marine Industry, and our reputation is based on results; our products out-perform all other major brands in the Industry time and time again. We re committed to keeping your boat protected and beautiful by providing long lasting, quality products that let you spend less time maintaining your boat and more time enjoying it. From topside paints to antifoulant bottom paints and everything in-between, Pettit s products have you covered. Pettit s plant is located in Rockaway, New Jersey, and our products are available throughout the world. If you re looking for quality maintenance and winterization, visit our website.