Uses of Synchrophasor BD NSF Workshop 2017 Bill Blevins Director Grid Coordination April 18,2017
2 ERCOT Control Room BD overview ERCOT 2001 ERCOT 2016
ERCOT PMU locations 76 PMUs at 35 locations 2014 103 PMUs at 44 locations 2017 Jan 2017 Operating guides also requires all new generators above 20 MVA to install PMUs and as directed TSPs will install on key interfaces
Big Data 4 SCADA data 128,792 PI data 600,000 pts 103 PMUs currently Voltage magnitude/angle data (phase) Voltage magnitude/angle data (sequence) Current magnitude/angle data (phase) Current magnitude/angle data (sequence) Frequency and df/dt Real power (calculated value) Reactive power (calculated value) For example If the phasor data reporting rate is 30 samples per second, then the count of samples expected for duration of 1 hour is equal to 108000 samples.
Bandwidth needed for data transmission of synchrophasor data using the C37.118 protocol (unencrypted) 5 Data rate Frames/s 5 Phasors 1 Analog, (integer) 10 Phasors, 4 Analog, 2 digital, (integer) 10 Phasors, 4 Analog, 2 digital, (floating point) 12 4800 bps 8400 bps 14160 bps 30 12000 bps 21000 bps 35400 bps 50 20000 bps 35000 bps 59000 bps 60 24000 bps 42000 bps 70800 bps
Data Retention 6 ERCOT data retention consists of maintaining 400 days of full fidelity phasor data. ERCOT data retention of full fidelity phasor data gathered during system events extends indefinitely The NERC PRC-002-2 Reliability Standard requires a minimum 10 calendar day data retention window. NERC MOD-026 and MOD-027 Reliability Standards require a minimum 3 year data retention window. ERCOT Nodal Operating Guide section 6 requires disturbance data retention for three years.
ERCOT PMU USE CASES
ERCOT PMU USE CASES
ERCOT PMU USE CASES
10 ERCOT current benefits of PMU data Within the ERCOT region, the three most beneficial applications, or use cases, identified by ERCOT are: 1. Generator oscillation detection and alarming a. Adds functionality not provided by SCADA or State Estimator b. Addresses RC visibility for localized and Inter-area oscillations 2. Generator model validation a. Supports MOD-026-1 Exciter model verification b. Supports MOD-027-1 Turbine/governor model verification c. Addresses requirements for TP and GO 3. Post-disturbance analysis and reporting a. Supports (future) PRC-002-2 Disturbance monitoring and reporting requirements b. Applies to TOs, GOs, ERCOT
PMU Data Illustrates Oscillation With Low Damping
PMU Data Illustrates Oscillation With Low Damping
Event Analysis - System Condition
Event Analysis - Fault
Event Analysis - Description
Event Analysis - Lessons Learned
Generator Parameter Determination Need: PMU data (Voltage Phasor, P & Q) can advise generator dynamic response following a nearby transient, compares results to simulated response (based on system planning models), and alerts if differences are significant (meaning that the generator response to the transient event was different from what was expected) EXAMPLE: PMU DATA USED TO VALIDATE AND CALIBRATE GENERATOR MODELS Possible Action: Advance Network Applications expert or System Planning dynamics expert reviews the event and the generator response differences, and if necessary, triggers the capture of the current grid state for further study System Planning dynamics expert coordinates with generator owner to investigate the reasons for unexpected generator response System Planning Dynamics Working Group utilizes the apparent unit parameters and system response data to tune/benchmark the dynamic model associated with the unit in the ERCOT DWG dynamic dataset
Generator Parameter Validation Recorded vs Simulated Voltage Response at Wind Power Plant Low power output Recorded vs Simulated Voltage Response at Wind Power Plant High power output Improved performance after tuning wind controller settings Source: Jian Chen, Prakash Shrestha, Shun-Hsien Huang, N.D.R. Sarma, John Adams, Diran Obadina, John Balance, Use of Synchronized Phasor Measurements for Dynamic Stability Monitoring and Model Validation in ERCOT, Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE PES General Meeting, San Diego, July 2012.
Keys to control room adoption Event Library Approach 2 3 4 1 1. Using Off-line Simulations Tools 2. Event Library = Simulated + Recorded events 3. Event Streamer & Manager to replay events in library to RTDMS 4. Visualization Tool RTDMS Electric Power Group 2015. All rights reserved 49 PUBLIC 19
ERCOT Roadmap for PMU Introduction of Phasor Monitoring at ERCOT 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Lat er... Stakeholder Interaction NOGRR142 Phasor Measurement passed 12/17/2014 Discussions with Stakeholders and TRE for Synchrophasor-based monitoring in ERCOT Operations ERCOT Operations Monitor grid disturbances and notice Generators to collect model validation events Oscillation Detection and Alarming Verify post DB load PMU measurements align with State Estimator Draft Control Room p rocedures usin g Phasor Monitoring System Imp lement Control Room p rocedures using Phasor Monitoring System Control Room Event reporting including dynamic system performance Event Analysis Post-disturbance Event Analysis and Reporting Operator Training Use PSOT for PMU Operator training simulations Introduce P SOT Simulator for visualization during Black Start Training Improve use of PSOT Simulator for BS Training Build Phasor Simulator for Operator Training (PSOT) at ERCOT via DOD project Evaluate, select and implement redundant, production grade PMU Monitoring System Configure Situational Awareness Alarms Technology Add PMU data to EMS and PI
Questions to be answered Are we too far ahead of regulators? How is the build out of PMU network paid for? How/when does CIP apply to ERCOT? To MPs? Will the current infrastructure support PMU network? Can we connect to Network Model to use with ERCOT systems? Can we identify and evaluate new use cases. Change direction if necessary? What are the requirements to successfully run SE using PMU data? How will we store PMU data at ERCOT? How long do we need to keep it? PUBLIC 2 1
Discussion PUBLIC 22