This booklet is published biannually. Please note that figures may vary according to the exact time of the survey.

This booklet is published biannually. Please note that figures may vary according to the exact time of the survey. The figures included in this booklet are based on survey and analysis of statistics as of December 2015. - OECD regularly publishes R&D statistics comparing various countries, and international comparisons in this booklet are mostly based on the latest version of their biannual publication, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1. The source of each indicator is stated in detail (in some cases with URL). The sum of individual figures and the total may not be identical due to issues such as significant figures. - For example, figures were rounded to the nearest integer when recomputing statistics or adjusting units (thousand KRW 100 million. Differences between the sum of individual figures and the total may arise from these processes. Some figures were recalculated from original data by the publishers to suit the purpose of the indicator. Thus some figures of the final year may not have been calculated. - For example, although GDP data for 2014 is available, R&D investment as a percentage of GDP was calculated only up to 2013 for certain countries where 2014 figures are unknown. Rankings were based on data of the most recent year obtained (or recomputed).

Category Subcategory Indicator Page R&D Expenditure R&D Personnel 1. Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) 2. Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) 3. Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) 4. R&D Personnel 5. Nurturing Human Capital 1. GERD in Korea 5 2. GERD in major countries 5 3. GERD per capita population and per researcher in Korea 6 4. GERD per capita population and per researcher (FTE) in major countries 6 5. GERD by performance sectors in Korea 6 6. of GERD by performance sectors in major countries 7 7. GERD by source of funds in Korea 7 8. of GERD by source of funds in major countries 7 9. GERD by type of R&D in Korea 8 10. GERD by type of R&D in major countries 8 11. GERD by future and emerging technologies (6T) in Korea 8 12. GERD by region in Korea 9 13. of BERD financed by government in Korea 10 14. of BERD financed by government in major countries 10 15. BERD by business type in Korea 10 16. BERD by industry in Korea 11 17. BERD by industry in major countries 11 18. BERD performed in R&D-intensive industries of major countries 11 19. BERD and its percentage relative to sales 12 20. BERD as a percentage of value added in industry 12 21. BERD intensity in Korea 12 22. World s top 50 companies by BERD 13 23. Total GBAORD in Korea 14 24. Total GBAORD in major countries 14 25. GOVERD in Korea 15 26. GOVERD by performance sectors in Korea 15 27. GOVERD by type of R&D 15 28. GOVERD by ministry in Korea 16 29. GOVERD by future and emerging technologies (6T) in Korea 16 30. GOVERD by region in Korea 17 31. Total researchers and total R&D personnel in Korea 18 32. Total researchers and total R&D personnel in major countries (FTE) 18 33. Total researchers per 10,000 population, per 1,000 total employment and per 1,000 labor force (FTE) in Korea 19 34. Total researchers per 10,000 population, per 1,000 total employment and per 1,000 labor force (FTE) in major countries 19 35. Researchers by sector of employment in Korea 19 36. of researchers by sector of employment in major countries 19 37. Women researchers in Korea 20 38. Women researchers in major countries 20 39. Distribution of researchers by sector of employment and qualification 20 40. Researchers by qualification in Korea 21 41. Researchers by field of science 21 42. Researchers by age 21 43. Researchers by region in Korea 22 44. Researchers by business types in Korea 23 45. Researchers by industry in Korea 23 46. Researcher and doctoral researcher intensity of the top companies in Korea 23 47. Principal investigators of government R&D projects by sector, gender, and degree 24 48. Current and shortfall of S&T industry personnel in Korea 24 49. Number of students enrolled in bachelor s, master s and doctoral programs in Korea 25 50. Number of science and engineering graduates with master s and doctoral degrees in Korea 25 51. of science and engineering doctorate holders relative to the total number of doctorate holders and to working age groups in major countries 25

Category Subcategory Indicator Page R&D Performance Other R&D Statistics 6. Publications 7. Patents 8. Technology Trade 9. International Trade in High-Tech Industries 10. National Competitiveness 11. Energy and Resources 12. Green Growth and Technology 13. Space 52. of people employed in science and engineering relative to the total number of people in employment 25 53. Number of papers published in SCI journals by Korea 26 54. Number of papers published in SCI journals by major countries 26 55. Number of papers published in SCI journals per 10,000 population or per 100 researchers (FTE) in Korea 27 56. Number of papers published in SCI journals per 10,000 population or per 100 researchers (FTE) in major countries 27 57. Average citations per paper over five-year periods 27 58. Average citations per paper over five-year periods in major countries 27 59. Number of papers published in top 3 journals 28 60. Number of papers published by region 28 61. Domestic patent applications and patent grants in Korea 29 62. Domestic patent applications and patent grants by region in Korea 29 63. Number of triadic patent families by Korea 30 64. Number of triadic patent families by major countries 30 65. Number of patent applications to and grants from the USPTO by Korea 30 66. Number of patent applications to and grants from the USPTO by major countries 30 67. Top 10 companies granted U.S. Patents 31 68. Number of patent applications to and grants from the EPO by Korea 31 69. Number of patent applications to and grants from the EPO by major countries 32 70. Number of patent applications to the PCT by Korea 32 71. Number of patent applications to the PCT by major countries 32 72. Number of patent applications to the PCT in the ICT and biotechnology sector (priority year) 32 73. Technology balance of payments in Korea 33 74. Technology balance of payments in major countries 33 75. International trade in R&D-intensive industries of Korea 34 76. International trade in R&D-intensive industries of major countries 34 77. ICT industry trade in Korea 35 78. ICT industry trade in major countries 35 79. Competitiveness ranking of Korea (IMD) 36 80. Competitiveness ranking of major countries (IMD) 36 81. Competitiveness ranking of Korea in scientific infrastructure (IMD) 37 82. Competitiveness ranking of Korea in technological infrastructure (IMD) 38 83. Global Competitiveness of Korea (WEF) 39 84. Global Competitiveness ranking of major countries (WEF) 39 85. COmposite Science and Technology Index (COSTII) of Korea 39 86. Electricity supply and demand in Korea 40 87. Petroleum and LNG supply in Korea 40 88. Total primary energy supply per 1,000 USD of GDP in major countries 40 89. Nuclear electricity as a percentage of total electricity generation 40 90. Overseas natural resource exploitation by Korea 41 91. Renewable energy supply in Korea 41 92. Contribution of renewables to energy supply in major countries 41 93. CO2 emissions in major countries (kg per PPP $ of GDP) 42 94. R&D expenditure on green technology as a percentage of GOVERD 42 95. R&D budget for energy and environment as a percentage of GBAORD 42 96. Space programs as a percentage of civil GBAORD 42 97. BERD performed in aerospace industry in major countries 42 14. Biotechnology 98. Biotechnology industry in Korea 43 99. Population and GDP per capita in major countries 43 15. Economic Indicators 100. Labor force, value added of industry, and exchange rates (2014) 43

Ⅰ. Main Science and Technology Indicators Main Science and Technology Indicators 1. R&D Expenditure and Personnel Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D USD) 605 (6 th ) 4,570 (1 st ) 1,709 (3 rd ) 1,064 (4 th ) 626 (5 th ) 435 (7 th ) 1,912 (2 nd ) - Ratio 1.0 7.5 2.8 1.8 1.0 0.7 3.2 - As a percentage of GDP 4.29 2.73 3.47 2.85 2.23 1.63 2.08 - Government Public: 37:63 24:76 35:65 24:76 30:70 Private Foreign Ratio (ʼ12) 33:67 21:76 Government Expenditure on R&D USD) - As a percentage of GDP Total Researchers (1,000 FTE) Total Researchers per 1,000 labor force (FTE) 169 (5 th ) 1.20 345 (6 th ) 13.0 (4 th ) 1,357 (1 st,ʼ14) 0.78 1,265 (2 nd,ʼ12) 8.1 (19 th,ʼ12) 345 (2 nd,ʼ14) 0.75 660 (3 rd ) 10.0 (10 th ) 341 (3 rd,ʼ14) 0.89 360 (5 th ) 8.4 (16 th ) 197 (4 th,ʼ14) 0.69 265 (7 th ) 9.3 (11 th ) 150 (6 th ) 0.56 259 (8 th ) 8.1 (20 th ) The sum of Government Public: Private Abroad ratio in China is less than 100.0% Total R&D expenditure in Korea: 63.7 trillion KRW, Government R&D budget: 18.9 trillion KRW (ʼ15) 2. R&D Performance Publications Patents Technology balance of payments R&D-intensive industries IMD evaluation (ʼ15) SCI Papers Number of triadic patent families Number of patent applications to the PCT ( 14) Receipts (A, 100 million USD) Payments (B, 100 million USD) Balance of payments ratio (A/B) R&D-intensive balance of payments USD) Competitiveness ranking - - 1,484 (1 st ) 1.9 (38 th ) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 54,691 391,850 77,552 103,765 71,720 110,578 253,633 (12 th ) (1 st ) (5 th ) (4 th ) (6 th ) (3 rd ) (2 nd ) 3,154 (4 th ) 13,117 (5 th ) 97.6 155.4 0.63 666.7 14,606 (2 nd ) 61,477 (1 st ) 15,970 (1 st ) 42,380 (2 nd ) 5,465 (3 rd ) 17,983 (4 th ) 2,484 (5 th ) 8,260 (6 th ) 1,770 (7 th ) 5,269 (7 th ) 1,265.2 347.9 666.2 388.5 876.2 59.2 541.9 126.8 1.44 5.88 1.23 3.06 1,785 (6 th ) 25,548 (3 rd ) -1,210.6-343.0 394.4 166.4-249.4 1,506.5 25 1 27 10 32 19 22 - Science 6 1 2 4 13 10 7 - Technology 13 3 23 15 17 19 14 04 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure R&D Expenditure 1. Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D(GERD) GERD in Korea GERD in major countries Korea GERD (million USD) 45,016 49,225 54,164 60,528 As a percentage of GDP 3.74 4.03 4.15 4.29 USA GERD (million USD) 428,745 436,078 456,977 As a percentage of GDP 2.76 2.70 2.73 Japan GERD (million USD) 199,795 199,066 170,910 As a percentage of GDP 3.38 3.34 3.47 Germany GERD (million USD) 104,956 101,646 106,440 As a percentage of GDP 2.80 2.88 2.85 France GERD (million USD) 62,711 59,803 62,615 As a percentage of GDP 2.19 2.23 2.23 UK GERD (million USD) 43,868 42,660 43,528 As a percentage of GDP 1.69 1.63 1.63 China GERD (million USD) 134,443 163,148 191,205 As a percentage of GDP 1.84 1.98 2.08 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 05

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GERD per capita population and per researcher in Korea GERD per capita (1,000 1,002.2 1,108.9 1,180.8 1,264.0 GERD per researcher (million 133.0 138.0 144.5 145.7 GERD per capita population and per researcher (FTE) in major countries GERD per capita population (USD) GERD per researcher (FTE) (USD) Korea 904 984 1,079 1,200 USA 1,374 1,388 1,444 Japan 1,563 1,561 1,342 Germany 1,283 1,241 1,296 France 960 912 950 UK 693 670 679 China 100 120 141 Korea 155,817 155,977 168,292 175,210 USA 342,189 344,708 Japan 304,264 307,987 258,763 Germany 309,890 288,423 295,366 France 251,602 230,843 236,127 UK 174,524 166,540 167,837 China 101,999 116,201 128,841 FTE (Full-time equivalent) takes into account the amount of researchers actual participation in labor Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea GERD by performance sectors in Korea GERD GERD GERD GERD Business enterprises 381,833 76.5 432,229 77.9 465,599 78.5 498,545 78.2 Higher education 50,338 10.1 52,769 9.5 54,803 9.2 57,670 9.0 Government/ Private non-profit 66,733 13.4 69,503 12.5 72,607 12.2 81,127 12.7 Total 498,904 100.0 554,501 100.0 593,009 100.0 637,341 100.0 Non-profit organizations are included in government sector 06 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure of GERD by performance sectors in major countries (2014) Non-profit organizations are included in government sector Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea GERD by source of funds in Korea GERD GERD GERD GERD Government 130,033 26.1 138,221 24.9 142,417 24.0 152,750 24.0 Private 367,753 73.7 414,378 74.7 448,792 75.7 480,083 75.3 Abroad 1,118 0.2 1,902 0.3 1,800 0.3 4,508 0.7 Total 498,904 100.0 554,501 100.0 593,009 100.0 637,341 100.0 of GERD by source of funds in major countries Korea USA Japan Germany France (ʼ12) UK China Government 24.0 34.7 24.0 30.1 37.0 32.8 21.1 Private 75.3 60.9 75.5 65.2 55.4 46.5 74.6 Abroad 0.7 4.5 0.5 4.4 7.6 20.6 0.9 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.7 100.0 100.0 96.6 The sums of Government Public: Private Overseas ratio of Germany and China are less than 100.0% Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 07

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GERD by type of R&D in Korea GERD Basic research Applied research Development research GERD GERD GERD 90,132 18.1 101,533 18.3 106,658 18.0 112,426 17.6 101,165 20.3 105,727 19.1 113,159 19.1 120,585 18.9 307,607 61.7 347,242 62.6 373,193 62.9 404,330 63.4 Total 498,904 100.0 554,501 100.0 593,009 100.0 637,341 100.0 GERD by type of R&D in major countries Korea USA (ʼ12) Japan France (ʼ12) UK (ʼ12) China Basic research 17.6 16.5 12.6 24.2 15.5 4.7 Applied research 18.9 19.2 20.9 37.4 47.0 10.7 Development research 63.4 64.3 61.8 35.0 37.5 84.6 For Japan and France, other sources are excluded such that the total does not add up to 100.0% Source: OECD, Research and Development Statistics, 2015 (stats.oecd.org) GERD by future and emerging technologies (6T) in Korea GERD GERD GERD GERD Information Technology (IT) 168,296 33.7 189,434 34.2 202,612 34.2 219,391 34.4 Biotechnology (BT) 40,048 8.0 42,459 7.7 45,043 7.6 48,097 7.5 Nanotechnology (NT) 62,200 12.5 71,193 12.8 78,193 13.2 83,587 13.1 Space Technology (ST) 6,809 1.4 7,058 1.3 7,312 1.2 7,088 1.1 Environment Technology (ET) 54,371 10.9 59,189 10.7 60,359 10.2 65,577 10.3 Culture Technology (CT) 5,054 1.0 4,525 0.8 4,346 0.7 4,917 0.8 Others 162,127 32.5 180,642 32.6 195,145 32.9 208,683 32.7 Total 498,904 100.0 554,501 100.0 593,009 100.0 637,341 100.0 08 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GERD by region in Korea GERD GERD GERD GERD Seoul 92,313 18.5 99,167 17.9 107,027 18.0 96,356 15.1 Busan 9,068 1.8 10,306 1.9 9,655 1.6 11,048 1.7 Daegu 6,784 1.4 8,394 1.5 8,212 1.4 9,705 1.5 Incheon 19,832 4.0 21,319 3.8 21,328 3.6 22,829 3.6 Gwangju 6,901 1.4 6,728 1.2 5,937 1.0 6,798 1.1 Daejeon 55,700 11.2 55,709 10.0 59,401 10.0 63,330 9.9 Ulsan 7,475 1.5 7,214 1.3 7,405 1.2 8,153 1.3 Sejong 1,881 0.3 3,925 0.6 Gyeonggi 208,469 41.8 251,818 45.4 273,095 46.1 310,330 48.7 Gangwon 3,400 0.7 3,514 0.6 3,565 0.6 3,705 0.6 Chungbuk 8,813 1.8 9,548 1.7 10,598 1.8 12,539 2.0 Chungnam 29,427 5.9 25,428 4.6 26,282 4.4 23,238 3.6 Jeonbuk 6,560 1.3 7,969 1.4 8,751 1.5 8,705 1.4 Jeonnam 5,329 1.1 5,640 1.0 6,456 1.1 7,485 1.2 Gyeongbuk 20,988 4.2 21,367 3.9 21,355 3.6 26,966 4.2 Gyeongnam 16,492 3.3 19,171 3.5 20,749 3.5 20,620 3.2 Jeju 1,354 0.3 1,209 0.2 1,313 0.2 1,609 0.3 Total 498,904 100.0 554,501 100.0 593,009 100.0 637,341 100.0 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 09

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure 2. Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) of BERD financed by government in Korea For all business enterprises 6.1 6.0 5.6 5.2 For small medium sized businesses and start-ups 12.7 13.4 13.6 14.2 (sts.ntis.go.kr) of BERD financed by government in major countries Korea 6.1 6.0 5.6 5.2 USA 10.9 10.3 9.2 Japan 1.2 1.2 1.3 Germany 4.6 4.6 4.6 France 7.6 7.9 UK 9.9 8.1 8.1 China 4.4 4.6 4.5 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea BERD by business type in Korea BERD BERD BERD BERD Large Corp. 283,462 74.2 320,709 74.2 357,782 76.8 386,177 77.5 Small & medium 52,192 13.7 58,132 13.4 58,645 12.6 59,468 11.9 Start-up 46,179 12.1 53,388 12.4 49,173 10.6 52,899 10.6 Total 381,833 100.0 432,229 100.0 465,599 100.0 498,545 100.0 10 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure BERD by industry in Korea BERD Manufacturing 334,254 379,604 412,540 443,282 Coke, refined petroleum products, chemicals and chemical products, rubber and plastic products Electrical machinery and apparatus, radio, TV and communications equipment 40,725 41,423 47,559 45,062 179,747 207,834 234,149 258,506 Motor vehicles and trailers 45,373 48,935 52,764 58,763 Services 33,801 37,771 39,382 41,172 Manufacturing 87.5 87.8 88.6 88.9 Coke, refined petroleum products, chemicals and chemical products, rubber and plastic products Electrical machinery and apparatus, radio, TV and communications equipment 10.7 9.6 10.2 9.0 47.1 48.1 50.3 51.9 Motor vehicles and trailers 11.9 11.3 11.3 11.8 Services 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.3 BERD by industry in major countries Korea USA (ʼ12) Japan Germany (ʼ12) France (ʼ12) UK (ʼ12) Manufacturing 88.9 65.8 88.7 86.1 50.2 40.0 Services 8.3 28.6 10.0 13.1 46.9 58.1 Source: OECD, Research and Development Statistics, 2015 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea BERD performed in R&D-intensive industries of major countries Korea USA (ʼ12) Japan Germany (ʼ12) France (ʼ12) England (ʼ12) BERD (million USD) 23,072 138,031 45,067 17,809 13,375 11,375 54.3 45.7 34.7 25.8 34.6 42.1 MSTI 2015-1 defines R&D-intensive industries as pharmaceutical, computer, electronic and optical, and aerospace industry Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 11

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure BERD and its percentage relative to sales BERD as a percentage of value added in industry (%, 2013) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China BERD as a percentage of value added in industry ( 12) 4.72 2.88 4.09 3.02 2.51 1.70 2.03 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) BERD intensity in Korea Top 5 companies 39.7 41.0 45.2 46.2 Top 10 companies 45.2 46.3 50.6 52.1 Top 20 companies 51.2 52.5 55.5 57.1 BERD intensity is the sum of BERD of top firms (in terms of BERD size) as a percentage of the total BERD. 12 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure World s top 50 companies by BERD (2014) Rank Name Country Rank Name Country 1 VOLKSWAGEN Germany 26 ASTRAZENECA UK 2 SAMSUNG Korea 27 GLAXOSMITHKLINE UK 3 MICROSOFT USA 28 ERICSSON Switzerland 4 INTEL USA 29 BAYER Germany 5 NOVARTIS Switzerland 30 FIAT CHRYSLER Italy 6 GOOGLE USA 31 AIRBUS Netherlands 7 ROCHE Switzerland 32 AMGEN USA 8 JOHNSON & JOHNSON USA 33 GENERAL ELECTRIC USA 9 TOYOTA MOTOR Japan 34 NISSAN MOTOR Japan 10 PFIZER USA 35 BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB USA 11 GENERAL MOTORS USA 36 ELI LILLY USA 12 MERCK US USA 37 SONY Japan 13 FORD MOTOR USA 38 PANASONIC Japan 14 DAIMLER Germany 39 EMC USA 15 HUAWEI China 40 HEWLETT-PACKARD USA 16 CISCO SYSTEMS USA 41 NOKIA Finland 17 ROBERT BOSCH Germany 42 ABBVIE USA 18 APPLE USA 43 DENSO Japan 19 SANOFI-AVENTIS France 44 BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM Germany 20 HONDA MOTOR Japan 45 TAKEDA Japan 21 BMW Germany 46 LG ELECTRONICS Korea 22 ORACLE USA 47 TOSHIBA Japan 23 QUALCOMM USA 48 GILEAD SCIENCES USA 24 SIEMENS Germany 49 TATA MOTORS India 25 IBM USA 50 SAP Germany Source: EU, The 2015 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard (iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/scoreboard.html) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 13

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure 3. Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) Total Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D (GBAORD) in Korea 2012 2013 2014 2015 General account 116,336 125,096 130,494 139,022 Special account 24,882 27,215 28,346 29,961 Funds 19,026 19,472 18,953 20,248 Total GBAORD 160,244 171,784 177,793 189,231 Source: KISTEP, Analysis of current government budget fund for R&D in 2015 Total GBAORD in major countries Total GBAORD (million USD) As a percentage of GDP Korea USA Japan Germany France UK 16,885 135,665 34,464 34,107 19,660 15,010 1.20 0.78 0.75 0.89 0.69 0.56 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) 14 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GOVERD in Korea GOVERD 148,528 159,064 169,139 176,395 Number of projects 41,619 49,948 50,865 53,493 GOVERD by performance sectors in Korea Research institutes GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD 64,418 43.4 71,987 45.3 78,121 46.2 83,754 47.5 Universities 37,672 25.4 37,214 23.4 39,718 23.5 41,023 23.3 Business enterprises 32,330 21.8 35,353 22.2 37,143 22.0 36,510 20.7 Ministries 3,744 2.5 4,280 2.7 4,477 2.6 4,473 2.5 Others 10,363 7.0 10,230 6.4 9,681 5.7 10,635 6.0 Total 148,528 100.0 159,064 100.0 169,139 100.0 176,395 100.0 GOVERD by type of R&D GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD Basic research 33,976 30.7 37,432 33.8 40,450 34.1 44,528 36.3 Applied research 22,200 20.1 24,770 22.4 26,220 22.1 27,357 22.3 Development research 54,450 49.2 48,492 43.8 51,911 43.8 50,921 41.5 Total 110,626 100.0 110,694 100.0 118,581 100.0 122,807 100.0 Calculated according to the Manual for Counting Basic Research Portion of the Government R&D Budget s were calculated excluding instances where categorization was difficult (ex. research equipment and facilities) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 15

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GOVERD by ministry in Korea GOVERD 16 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 2012 2013 2014 GOVERD GOVERD Education 14,793 9.3 15,532 9.2 15,987 9.1 Prime Minister Office 4,305 2.7 4,784 2.8 4,868 2.8 Defense 286 0.2 293 0.2 299 0.2 Land, Infrastructure, Transportation 4,159 2.6 3,969 2.3 4,107 2.3 Meteorological 812 0.5 944 0.6 1,248 0.7 Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs 1,828 1.1 1,711 1.0 1,832 1.0 Rural Development 5,333 3.4 5,525 3.3 5,836 3.3 Cultural Heritage 335 0.2 361 0.2 340 0.2 Culture, Sports, and Tourism 619 0.4 584 0.3 660 0.4 MSIP 51,771 32.5 55,457 32.8 60,467 34.3 Defense Acquisition 23,092 14.5 24,481 14.5 22,830 12.9 Government-wide 897 0.5 860 0.5 Health and Welfare 3,970 2.5 4,214 2.5 4,508 2.6 Forest 844 0.5 904 0.5 934 0.5 Trade, Industry and Energy 31,092 19.5 31,246 18.5 31,900 18.1 Food and Drug Safety 602 0.4 627 0.4 737 0.4 Nuclear Safety 560 0.4 675 0.4 732 0.4 Small and Medium Businesses 7,150 4.5 8,587 5.1 8,847 5.0 Oceans and Fisheries 4,449 2.8 5,124 3.0 5,424 3.1 Environment 2,547 1.6 2,629 1.6 2,929 1.7 Others 517 0.3 597 0.4 1,049 0.6 Total 159,064 100.0 169,139 100.0 176,395 100.0 GOVERD by future and emerging technologies (6T) in Korea GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD Information Technology (IT) 26,468 19.4 28,856 19.7 29,742 19.0 30,041 18.4 Biotechnology (BT) 25,808 19.0 27,509 18.7 28,770 18.4 29,730 18.2 Nanotechnology (NT) 6,415 4.7 6,436 4.4 6,744 4.3 7,362 4.5 Space Technology (ST) 7,015 5.2 6,553 4.5 7,354 4.7 7,744 4.7 Environment Technology (ET) 22,533 16.6 23,455 16.0 24,163 15.5 24,577 15.1 Culture Technology (CT) 1,148 0.8 1,411 1.0 1,498 1.0 1,542 0.9 Others 46,720 34.3 52,576 35.8 57,932 37.1 62,151 38.1 Total 136,107 100.0 146,795 100.0 156,204 100.0 163,147 100 Subjects: Science and technology related and national defence R&D programs

Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GOVERD by region in Korea GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD Seoul 35,714 25.2 37,481 24.7 38,577 23.8 38,053 22.6 Busan 4,677 3.3 5,158 3.4 5,172 3.2 5,706 3.4 Daegu 3,692 2.6 3,913 2.6 4,709 2.9 5,225 3.1 Incheon 3,587 2.5 3,548 2.3 4,014 2.5 4,162 2.5 Gwangju 3,331 2.3 3,618 2.4 3,725 2.3 4,147 2.5 Daejeon 41,037 28.9 44,052 29.0 47,122 29.1 49,823 29.5 Ulsan 1,384 1.0 1,641 1.1 1,862 1.2 2,328 1.4 Sejong 93 0.1 2,182 1.3 Gyeonggi 21,941 15.5 23,605 15.5 26,003 16.1 25,530 15.1 Gangwon 1,886 1.3 1,910 1.3 2,052 1.3 2,357 1.4 Chungbuk 3,195 2.3 3,386 2.2 3,818 2.4 4,166 2.5 Chungnam 3,774 2.7 4,669 3.1 4,665 2.9 4,007 2.4 Jeonbuk 2,538 1.8 2,970 2.0 3,117 1.9 3,436 2.0 Jeonnam 1,906 1.3 1,585 1.0 1,863 1.2 2,248 1.3 Gyeongbuk 5,223 3.7 6,229 4.1 6,448 4.0 7,028 4.2 Gyeongnam 7,189 5.1 7,388 4.9 7,820 4.8 7,156 4.2 Jeju 718 0.5 827 0.5 833 0.5 1,098 0.7 Total 141,793 100.0 151,980 100.0 161,893 100.0 168,649 100.0 Subject: National R&D programs classified by region (except overseas and others) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 17

Ⅲ. R&D Personnel R&D Personnel 4. R&D Personnel Total researchers and total R&D personnel in Korea (Year) Total researchers and total R&D personnel in major countries (FTE) Total researchers (FTE) Total R&D personnel (FTE) Korea 288,901 315,589 321,842 345,463 USA 1,252,948 1,265,064 Japan 656,651 646,347 660,489 Germany 338,689 352,419 360,365 France 249,247 259,066 265,177 UK 251,358 256,156 259,347 China 1,318,086 1,404,017 1,484,040 Korea 361,374 395,990 401,444 430,868 Japan 869,825 851,132 865,523 Germany 575,099 591,261 603,861 France 402,492 412,003 420,588 UK 356,258 356,484 362,061 China 2,882,903 3,246,840 3,532,817 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea 18 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Total researchers per 10,000 population, per 1,000 total employment and per 1,000 labor force (FTE) in Korea Total researchers (FTE) 288,901 315,589 321,842 345,463 Total researchers per 10,000 population (FTE) 58.0 63.1 64.1 68.5 Total researchers per 1,000 total employment (FTE) 11.9 12.8 12.8 13.5 Total researchers per 1,000 labor force (FTE) 11.5 12.4 12.4 13.0 Total researchers per 10,000 population, per 1,000 total employment and per 1,000 labor force (FTE) in major countries Korea USA (ʼ12) Japan Germany France UK China Researchers per 10,000 population (FTE) 68.5 40.3 51.9 43.9 40.2 40.5 10.9 Researchers per 1,000 total employment (FTE) 13.5 8.7 10.2 8.5 9.8 8.7 1.9 Researchers per 1,000 labor force (FTE) 13.0 8.1 10.0 8.4 9.3 8.1 1.9 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea Researchers by sector of employment in Korea Researchers Business enterprises Higher education Public research institutes Researchers Researchers Researchers 250,626 66.8 275,986 68.7 281,874 68.7 304,808 69.7 95,750 25.5 96,916 24.1 97,319 23.7 99,317 22.7 28,800 7.7 28,822 7.2 31,140 7.6 33,322 7.6 Total 375,176 100.0 401,724 100.0 410,333 100.0 437,447 100.0 of researchers by sector of employment in major countries (%, 2013) Korea Japan Germany France UK China Business enterprises 79.5 73.5 56.4 60.3 36.1 62.2 Universities 12.1 20.7 27.9 27.9 59.3 18.4 Public research institutes 8.4 5.8 15.7 11.8 4.6 19.5 Source: OECD, Research and Development Statistics, 2015 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 19

Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Women researchers in Korea Total researchers 375,176 401,724 410,333 437,447 Women researchers 65,067 70,997 74,617 80,904 Women researchers as a percentage of total researchers 17.3 17.7 18.2 18.5 Women researchers in major countries Korea Japan Germany (ʼ11) France (ʼ12) UK (ʼ12) Women researchers 80,904 130,603 139,879 91,227 167,375 As a percentage of total researchers 18.5 14.6 26.8 25.6 37.8 Source: OECD, Research and Development Statistics, 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea Distribution of researchers by sector of employment and qualification (2014) 20 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Researchers by qualification in Korea Researchers Researchers Researchers Researchers Doctor 84,674 22.6 87,642 21.8 88,988 21.7 92,155 21.1 Master 116,131 31.0 122,948 30.6 123,106 30.0 129,409 29.6 Bachelor 154,733 41.2 169,162 42.1 175,545 42.8 190,415 43.5 Others 19,638 5.2 21,972 5.5 22,694 5.5 25,468 5.8 Total 375,176 100.0 401,724 100.0 410,333 100.0 437,447 100.0 Researchers by field of science Researchers Researchers Researchers Researchers Natural science 48,544 12.9 53,654 13.4 51,494 12.5 54,772 12.5 Engineering 253,445 67.6 273,839 68.2 279,388 68.1 298,436 68.2 Medicine & health 20,473 5.5 19,945 5.0 23,292 5.7 23,522 5.4 Agricultural science 9,841 2.6 9,912 2.5 10,102 2.5 10,662 2.4 Humanities 19,633 5.2 20,413 5.1 20,834 5.1 22,870 5.2 Social science 23,240 6.2 23,961 6.0 25,223 6.1 27,185 6.2 Total 375,176 100.0 401,724 100.0 410,333 100.0 437,447 100.0 Researchers by age Age Researchers Researchers Researchers Researchers Under 29 65,240 17.4 69,649 17.3 69,703 17.0 71,669 16.4 30 39 178,916 47.7 189,358 47.1 187,064 45.6 195,370 44.7 40 49 89,088 23.7 97,589 24.3 103,894 25.3 115,279 26.4 50 59 35,912 9.6 38,413 9.6 41,929 10.2 45,653 10.4 Over 60 6,020 1.6 6,715 1.7 7,743 1.9 9,476 2.2 Total 375,176 100.0 401,724 100.0 410,333 100.0 437,447 100.0 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 21

Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Researchers by region in Korea Researchers Researchers 22 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 Researchers Researchers Seoul 96,372 25.7 102,239 25.5 105,045 25.6 107,474 24.6 Busan 12,237 3.3 15,564 3.9 13,335 3.2 13,632 3.1 Daegu 8,801 2.3 9,673 2.4 9,002 2.2 10,625 2.4 Incheon 13,573 3.6 14,396 3.6 15,024 3.7 15,907 3.6 Gwangju 7,072 1.9 7,128 1.8 7,182 1.8 7,885 1.8 Daejeon 27,909 7.4 28,285 7.0 29,806 7.3 32,185 7.4 Ulsan 4,919 1.3 5,505 1.4 5,600 1.4 6,678 1.5 Sejong 1,551 0.4 3,049 0.7 Gyeonggi 126,449 33.7 141,819 35.3 143,975 35.1 156,871 35.9 Gangwon 5,412 1.4 5,607 1.4 5,594 1.4 6,157 1.4 Chungbuk 10,558 2.8 11,029 2.7 10,369 2.5 11,153 2.5 Chungnam 17,994 4.8 15,548 3.9 17,243 4.2 16,472 3.8 Jeonbuk 7,558 2.0 7,787 1.9 8,157 2.0 8,549 2.0 Jeonnam 3,784 1.0 3,838 1.0 3,945 1.0 4,361 1.0 Gyeongbuk 15,236 4.1 16,057 4.0 15,618 3.8 17,330 4.0 Gyeongnam 14,970 4.0 15,348 3.8 17,355 4.2 17,579 4.0 Jeju 2,332 0.6 1,901 0.5 1,532 0.4 1,540 0.4 Total 375,176 100.0 401,724 100.0 410,333 100.0 437,447 100.0

Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Researchers by business types in Korea Researchers Researchers Researchers Researchers Large corp. 132,004 52.7 141,775 51.4 147,123 52.2 157,430 51.6 Small & medium sized 63,623 25.4 70,024 25.4 71,984 25.5 77,596 25.5 Start-up 54,999 21.9 64,187 23.3 62,767 22.3 69,782 22.9 Total 250,626 100.0 275,986 100.0 281,874 100.0 304,808 100.0 Researchers by industry in Korea Number of researchers Manufacturing 198,540 216,346 219,227 236,429 Coke, refined petroleum products, chemicals and chemical products, rubber and plastic products Electrical machinery and apparatus, radio, TV and communications equipment 24,252 26,821 27,954 29,148 89,703 93,716 93,269 99,608 Motor vehicles and trailers 24,724 27,582 28,261 30,842 Services 43,481 50,270 53,219 58,187 Manufacturing 79.2 78.4 77.8 77.6 Coke, refined petroleum products, chemicals and chemical products, rubber and plastic products Electrical machinery and apparatus, radio, TV and communications equipment 9.7 9.7 9.9 9.6 35.8 34.0 33.1 32.7 Motor vehicles and trailers 9.9 10.0 10.0 10.1 Services 17.3 18.2 18.9 19.1 Researcher and doctoral researcher intensity of the top companies in Korea Researchers Doctoral researchers Top 5 companies 26.5 25.1 26.2 24.9 Top 10 companies 30.1 28.7 29.7 28.8 Top 20 companies 34.3 32.6 33.2 32.3 Top 5 companies 34.8 34.6 38.2 37.1 Top 10 companies 41.3 41.3 45.4 45.4 Top 20 companies 48.0 47.4 51.3 51.5 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 23

Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Principal investigators of government R&D programs by sector, gender, and degree in Korea Research institutes Researchers Researchers Researchers Researchers 3,928 15.6 5,228 17.4 5,355 17.0 5,370 16.2 Universities 13,279 52.9 14,892 49.6 15,537 49.3 16,765 50.4 Sector Business enterprises 6,631 26.4 8,552 28.5 9,155 29.1 9,575 28.8 Others 1,208 4.8 1,281 4.3 1,420 4.5 1,485 4.5 Government ministries 57 0.2 64 0.2 38 0.1 50 0.2 Total 25,103 100.0 30,017 100.0 31,505 100.0 33,245 100.0 Male 22,037 88.8 26,281 88.4 27,443 87.9 28,564 86.9 Gender Female 2,789 11.2 3,439 11.6 3,788 12.1 4,317 13.1 Total 24,826 100.0 29,720 100.0 31,231 100.0 32,881 100.0 Doctor 18,494 74.5 21,473 72.3 21,949 70.3 22,930 69.7 Degree Master 2,677 10.8 4,271 14.4 4,559 14.6 4,791 14.6 Bachelor and under 3,655 14.7 3,976 13.4 4,723 15.1 5,160 15.7 Total 24,826 100.0 29,720 100.0 31,231 100.0 32,881 100.0 Analysis includes principal investigators science and technology R&D programs (excludes R&D programs in humanities and social sciences, and classified national security R&D programs). From 2012, surveys were extended to include small cooperative projects, increasing the number of principal investigators. For projects by sector, individuals with multiple affiliations were counted multiple times Current and shortfall of S&T industry personnel in Korea 2013 2014 Current personnel 1,508,242 1,554,084 Shortfall of personnel 37,391 36,383 of shortfall 2.4 2.3 Source: Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Survey Reports on S&T Industry Personnel (www.techforce.or.kr) 24 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅲ. R&D Personnel 5. Nurturing Human Capital Number of students enrolled in bachelor s, master s and doctoral programs in Korea Bachelor s program Master s program Doctoral program 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total 1,976,912 1,989,744 2,008,930 1,989,440 Science & engineering 682,538 694,051 706,980 705,595 of science & engineering 34.5 34.9 35.2 35.5 Total 231,155 227,581 225,747 225,680 Science & engineering 48,093 46,954 46,815 47,179 of science & engineering 20.8 20.6 20.7 20.9 Total 54,198 57,494 60,972 63,195 Science & engineering 22,693 24,732 27,071 28,534 of science & engineering 41.9 43.0 44.4 45.2 Science and engineering is the sum of students in natural sciences and engineering. Bachelor s curriculum is the sum of 2/3-year curriculums and 4-year curriculums. Number of enrolled students excludes students on leave. Source: Ministry of Education, Statistical Yearbook of Education (kess.kedi.re.kr) Number of science and engineering graduates with master s and doctoral degrees in Korea 2012 2013 2014 2015 Master s degree Doctoral degree Total 82,765 82,938 82,805 81,664 Science & engineering 20,909 20,469 20,043 20,078 of science & engineering 25.3 24.7 24.2 24.6 Total 12,243 12,625 12,931 13,077 Science & engineering 5,292 5,414 5,523 5,614 of science & engineering 43.2 42.9 42.7 42.9 Science and engineering is the sum of students in natural sciences and engineering majors Source: Ministry of Education, Statistical Yearbook of Education (kess.kedi.re.kr) of science and engineering doctorate holders relative to the total number of doctorate holders and to working age groups in major countries of science and engineering doctorate holders relative to the total number of doctorate holders (ʼ08~ʼ12) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 36.2 34.5 37.5 38.7 58.9 (ʼ07~ʼ09) Science and engineering is the sum of students in natural sciences and engineering majors Source: OECD, Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 (www.oecd-ilibrary.org) 43.7 55.3 (ʼ09~ʼ12) of people employed in science and engineering relative to the total number of people in employment (%, 2002, 2012) Korea USA Japan Germany France ( 09) UK 2002 38.6 16.3 ( 03) 25.9 30.9 28.7 27.9 ( 03) 2012 31.6 15.6 23.2 31.3 27.0 22.7 Source: OECD, Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 (www.oecd-ilibrary.org) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 25

Ⅳ. R&D Performance R&D Performance 6. Publications Number of papers published in SCI journals by Korea Number of papers published 45,708 49,897 52,194 54,691 World share 3.50 3.64 3.62 3.73 World ranking 11 10 12 12 World share is the relative share to the total number of papers published worldwide. It is different from the relative share to the sum of the number of papers published yearly by each nation, which is greater than the total number of papers published worldwide due to papers co-authored by multiple countries Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 Number of papers published in SCI journals by major countries Korea USA Japan Germany France UK Number of papers 45,708 49,897 52,194 54,691 World share 3.50 3.64 3.62 3.73 World ranking 11 10 12 12 Number of papers 366,691 378,548 390,143 391,850 World share 28.07 27.59 27.06 26.73 World ranking 1 1 1 1 Number of papers 77,592 78,343 79,766 77,552 World share 5.94 5.71 5.53 5.29 World ranking 5 5 5 5 Number of papers 96,250 100,377 103,953 103,765 World share 7.37 7.32 7.21 7.08 World ranking 4 4 4 4 Number of papers 67,728 69,922 72,551 71,720 World share 5.18 5.10 5.03 4.89 World ranking 6 6 6 6 Number of papers 101,217 105,782 111,687 110,578 World share 7.75 7.71 7.75 7.54 World ranking 3 3 3 3 Number of papers 162,936 188,279 221,675 253,633 China World share 12.47 13.72 15.38 17.30 World ranking 2 2 2 2 World share is the relative share to the total number of papers published worldwide. It is different from the relative share to the sum of the number of papers published yearly by each nation, which is greater than the total number of papers published worldwide due to papers co-authored by multiple countries. Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 26 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅳ. R&D Performance Number of papers published in SCI journals per 10,000 population or per 100 researchers (FTE) in Korea Number of papers (SCI) per 10,000 population 9.18 9.98 10.39 10.85 Number of papers (SCI) per 100 researchers (FTE) 15.82 15.81 16.22 15.83 Source: Papers (SCI) - MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 Researchers (FTE) - Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) Number of papers published in SCI journals per 10,000 population or per 100 researchers (FTE) in major countries Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Number of papers (SCI) per 10,000 population ( 14) 10.85 12.29 6.10 12.60 10.84 17.14 1.63 Number of papers (SCI) per 100 researchers (FTE) ( 13) 15.83 29.9 (ʼ12) 12.08 28.85 27.36 43.06 14.94 Source: Papers (SCI) - MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 Researchers (FTE) - Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) Average citations per paper over five-year periods 2007~2011 2008~2012 2009~2013 2010~2014 Average citations per paper over five-year periods 4.09 4.33 4.60 4.86 World average of citations 5.18 5.29 5.38 5.42 Average number of citations per paper over a five-year period is the average cumulative number of citations from the year of publication to 2013 over the five-year period. Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 Average citations per paper over five-year periods in major countries (2010~2014) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 4.86 7.80 5.66 7.73 7.30 7.88 4.80 Average number of citations per paper over a five-year period is the average cumulative number of citations from the year of publication to 2014 over the five-year period. Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 27

Ⅳ. R&D Performance Number of papers published in top 3 journals NATURE 25 21 15 25 SCIENCE 20 11 24 21 CELL 1 7 8 10 Total 46 39 47 56 Only full-length papers (Articles and Reviews) were counted. Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 Number of papers published by region (2014) Co-authorship First authorship Number of papers Number of Papers Seoul 27,959 34.1 18,954 41.0 Busan 4,198 5.1 2,258 4.9 Daegu 3,210 3.9 1,656 3.6 Incheon 2,913 3.5 1,325 2.9 Gwangju 2,931 3.6 1,598 3.5 Daejeon 8,640 10.5 4,665 10.1 Sejong 265 0.3 124 0.3 Ulsan 1,384 1.7 739 1.6 Gyeonggi 12,267 14.9 6,047 13.1 Gangwon 2,479 3.0 1,137 2.5 Chungbuk 2,184 2.7 921 2.0 Chungnam 2,427 3.0 1,100 2.4 Jeonbuk 2,523 3.1 1,361 2.9 Jeonnam 930 1.1 344 0.7 Gyeongbuk 3,851 4.7 2,112 4.6 Gyeongnam 2,914 3.5 1,489 3.2 Jeju 651 0.8 320 0.7 Others 384 0.5 129 0.3 Total 82,110 100.0 46,279 100.0 Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 28 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅳ. R&D Performance 7. Patents Domestic patent applications and patent grants in Korea Patent applications 178,924 188,915 204,589 210,292 Patent grants 94,720 113,467 127,330 129,786 Source: Korean Intellectual Property Office (kipo.go.kr) Domestic patent applications and patent grants by region in Korea Patent applications Patent grants Seoul 43,132 44,439 47,737 48,969 21,980 25,150 29,369 28,315 Busan 4,132 4,459 4,738 5,337 2,104 2,523 2,850 2,790 Daegu 3,568 3,835 4,054 4,470 1,959 2,247 2,641 2,701 Incheon 6,139 6,150 6,185 6,438 2,943 4,135 4,478 4,351 Gwangju 2,093 2,387 2,436 2,612 1,247 1,427 1,589 1,626 Daejeon 10,112 11,190 11,197 11,118 5,223 6,569 7,809 7,550 Sejong 2,722 3,215 3,072 2,825 735 1,013 1,149 1,284 Ulsan 219 267 326 131 175 179 Gyeonggi 40,109 44,130 50,234 50,468 22,583 24,761 26,558 28,275 Gangwon 1,638 1,881 2,186 2,441 934 1,162 1,315 1,381 Chungbuk 2,574 2,919 2,776 3,226 1,644 1,774 1,718 1,854 Chungnam 4,923 5,192 6,020 6,473 2,600 2,800 3,379 3,598 Jeonbuk 3,051 3,536 3,789 3,501 1,041 1,405 1,615 1,777 Jeonnam 1,942 1,824 2,026 2,533 828 1,125 1,177 1,445 Gyeongbuk 7,008 7,314 7,634 7,235 3,557 4,216 5,946 5,723 Gyeongnam 4,415 4,935 5,017 5,502 2,362 2,963 3,076 3,465 Jeju 461 497 582 574 237 279 323 413 Others 15 14 28 25 281 381 500 567 Total 138,034 148,136 159,978 164,073 72,258 84,061 95,667 97,294 Refers to the first applicant s address 'Others' include those who are Korean citizens but do not have an address in Korea (overseas residents, soldiers, etc) Source: Korean Intellectual Property Office (kipo.go.kr) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 29

Ⅳ. R&D Performance Number of triadic patent families by Korea 2010 2011 2012 2013 Triadic patent families 2,460 2,668 2,887 3,154 Triadic patent families per million population 49.8 53.6 57.7 62.8 Triadic patent families per 10,000 researchers (FTE) 93.1 92.3 91.5 98.0 Triadic patent families: Patents applied to EPO and JPO, and granted by USPTO Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) Number of triadic patent families by major countries (2013) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Triadic patent families 3,154 14,606 15,970 5,465 2,484 1,770 1,785 Triadic patent families per million population 62.8 46.2 125.4 66.6 37.7 27.6 1.3 Triadic patent families per 10,000 researchers (FTE) 98.0 109.2 (ʼ12) 241.8 151.7 93.7 68.2 12.0 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) Number of patent applications to and grants from the USPTO by Korea Patent applications 27,289 29,481 33,499 36,744 Patent grants 12,262 13,233 14,548 16,469 The number of patent applications: utility patents by their filing year Source: USPTO (uspto.gov) Number of patent applications to and grants from the USPTO by major countries (2014) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Patent applications 36,744 285,096 86,691 30,193 11,947 13,157 18,040 Patent grants 16,469 144,621 53,849 16,550 6,691 6,487 7,236 The number of patent applications: utility patents by their filing year Country: Nationality of the first patentee. Hong Kong and Macao are not included for China Source: USPTO (uspto.gov) 30 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅳ. R&D Performance Top 10 companies granted U.S. Patents 2013 2014 Rank Number of patents Company Number of patents Company 1 6,788 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION 7,481 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION 2 4,652 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. 4,936 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. 3 3,820 CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA 4,048 CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA 4 3,073 SONY CORPORATION 3,214 SONY CORPORATION 5 2,659 MICROSOFT CORPORATION 2,829 MICROSOFT CORPORATION 6 2,582 Panasonic Corporation 2,586 QUALCOMM, INC. 7 2,365 TOSHIBA CORPORATION 2,566 GOOGLE, INC. 8 2,103 QUALCOMM, INC. 2,537 TOSHIBA CORPORATION 9 1,945 LG ELECTRONICS INC. 2,119 LG ELECTRONICS INC. 10 1,851 GOOGLE, INC. 2,079 Panasonic Corporation Source: USPTO (uspto.gov) Number of patent applications to and grants from the EPO by Korea Patent applications 4,891 5,721 6,333 6,141 Patent grants 1,424 1,785 1,989 1,891 Source: EPO, Annual Report (epo.org) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 31

Ⅳ. R&D Performance Number of patent applications to and grants from the EPO by major countries (2014) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Patent applications 6,141 36,491 22,018 25,621 10,557 4,687 4,624 Patent grants 1,891 14,384 11,120 13,086 4,728 2,072 1,186 Source: EPO, Annual Report (epo.org) Number of patent applications to the PCT by Korea 10,357 11,787 12,381 13,117 PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty): International patent law treaty that provides a unified procedure for filing patent applications to protect inventions in each of its contracting states. Source: WIPO, WIPO Statistics Database, 2015.07 (ipstats.wipo.int) Number of patent applications to the PCT by major countries (2014) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China PCT 13,117 61,447 42,380 17,983 8,260 5,269 25,548 Rank 5 1 2 4 6 7 3 Source: WIPO, WIPO Statistics Database, 2015.12 (ipstats.wipo.int) Number of patent applications to the PCT in the ICT and biotechnology sector (priority year) (2013) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China ICT 5,332 23,948 16,648 4,033 2,121 2,077 12,067 Biotechnology 512 4,729 1,141 564 456 399 485 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) 32 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅳ. R&D Performance 8. Technology Trade Technology balance of payments in Korea Receipts (million USD) 4,032 5,311 6,846 9,765 Payments (million USD) 9,901 11,052 12,038 15,540 Balance of payments (million USD) -5,868-5,741-5,192-5,776 Balance of payments ratio (Receipts/Payments) 0.41 0.48 0.57 0.63 Source: MSIP Korea Industrial Technology Association, Statistics Report on the Technology Trade of Korea Technology balance of payments in major countries (2013) Korea ( 14) USA Japan Germany UK Receipts (million USD) 9,765 126,517 34,788 66,621 38,846 Payments (million USD) 15,540 87,617 5,920 54,193 12,677 Balance of payments (million USD) -5,776 38,900 28,868 12,428 26,169 Balance of payments ratio (Receipts/Payments) 0.63 1.44 5.88 1.23 3.06 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP Korea Industrial Technology Association, Statistics Report on the Technology Trade of Korea KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 33

Ⅳ. R&D Performance 9. International Trade in High-Tech Industries International trade in R&D-intensive industries of Korea 2010 2011 2012 2013 Exports (million USD) 137,026 135,281 130,500 143,107 Imports (million USD) 70,806 77,546 74,391 76,438 Trade balance (million USD) 66,220 57,735 56,110 66,670 Trade balance ratio (Exports/Imports) 1.94 1.74 1.75 1.87 R&D-intensive industries include pharmaceutical, computer, electronic and optical, and aerospace industries, as defined by OECD. From MSTI 2013-2, the standard industrial classification was changed from ISIC Rev.3 to ISIC Rev.4. Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) International trade in R&D-intensive industries of major countries (2014) Exports (million USD) Imports (million USD) Trade balance (million USD) Trade balance ratio (Exports/Imports) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 143,107 373,302 106,690 253,126 141,526 107,739 692,321 76,438 494,367 140,994 213,682 124,882 132,680 541,676 66,670 121,064 34,304 39,444 16,644 24,940 150,645 1.87 0.76 0.76 1.18 1.13 0.81 1.28 R&D-intensive industries include pharmaceutical, computer, electronic and optical, and aerospace industries, as defined by OECD. Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) 34 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅳ. R&D Performance ICT industry trade in Korea Exports (million USD) 100,618 94,627 107,793 114,118 Imports (million USD) 55,731 51,938 55,044 60,932 Trade balance (million USD) 44,887 42,689 52,750 53,186 Trade balance ratio (Exports/Imports) 1.81 1.82 1.96 1.87 Source: OECD, STAN Bilateral Trade Database ISIC4 ed. 2015 (stats.oecd.org) ICT industry trade in major countries (2014) Exports (million USD) Imports (million USD) Trade balance (million USD) Trade balance ratio (Exports/Imports) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 114,118 146,076 62,142 67,724 21,902 21,081 610,028 60,932 305,989 91,140 93,890 40,486 53,550 397,944 53,186-159,913-28,999-26,166-18,585-32,469 212,084 1.87 0.48 0.68 0.72 0.54 0.39 1.53 Source: OECD, STAN Bilateral Trade Database ISIC4 ed. 2015 (stats.oecd.org) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 35

Ⅳ. R&D Performance 10. National Competitiveness Competitiveness ranking of Korea (IMD) 2012 2013 2014 2015 Overall competitiveness 22 22 26 25 Economic performance 27 20 20 15 Government efficiency 25 20 26 28 Business efficiency 25 34 39 37 Infrastructure 20 19 19 21 - Science 5 7 6 6 - Technology 14 11 8 13 Source: IMD, The World Competitiveness Yearbook (https://www.worldcompetitiveness.com/online) Competitiveness ranking of major countries (2015, IMD) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Competitiveness 25 1 27 10 32 19 22 - Science 6 1 2 4 13 10 7 - Technology 13 3 23 15 17 19 14 Source: IMD, The World Competitiveness Yearbook (https://www.worldcompetitiveness.com/online) 36 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅳ. R&D Performance Competitiveness ranking of Korea in scientific infrastructure (IMD) 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total expenditure on R&D 7 7 6 6 Total expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP 3 3 1 2 Total expenditure on R&D per capita 20 20 16 14 Business expenditure on R&D 6 6 5 5 Business expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP 2 2 2 2 Total R&D personnel nationwide 7 7 6 6 Total R&D personnel nationwide per 1,000 people 13 14 9 9 Total R&D personnel in business enterprise 5 6 5 5 Total R&D personnel in business per 1,000 people 12 12 8 6 R&D personnel per 1,000,000 people 7 of total first university degrees in science and engineering 10 10 9 9 Scientific articles 9 9 9 9 Nobel prizes 27 27 27 27 Nobel prizes per capita 27 27 27 27 Number of patent applications 4 4 4 Number of patent applications filed per 100,000 inhabitants 3 4 3 Number of patents granted 4 4 4 Number of patents in force per 100,000 inhabitants 2 4 3 Scientific research is high by international standards* 21 21 26 19 Researchers/Scientists are attracted to your country* 23 25 33 29 Laws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation* 31 27 30 30 Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced* 31 40 41 27 Knowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities* 25 27 29 22 Innovation capacity of firms* 13 19 28 21 Overall Ranking 5 7 6 6 *Indicators by survey Source: IMD, The World Competitiveness Yearbook (https://www.worldcompetitiveness.com/online) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 37

Ⅳ. R&D Performance Competitiveness ranking of Korea in technological infrastructure (IMD) 2012 2013 2014 2015 Investment in telecommunications as a percentage of GDP 20 8 8 9 Number of fixed telephone lines per 1,000 inhabitants 18 15 14 15 Number of mobile telephone subscribers per 1,000 inhabitants 40 42 43 44 Mobile telephone costs per minute 30 33 14 15 Communication technology meets business requirements* 4 12 15 12 Connectivity of people and firms is highly extensive* 4 12 11 11 Computers in use (worldwide share) 11 11 11 11 Number of computers per 1,000 people 19 19 16 18 Number of internet users per 1,000 people 15 15 15 16 Fixed broadband tariffs 27 34 36 37 Number of broadband subscribers per 1,000 inhabitants 5 5 5 5 Internet bandwidth speed 42 47 47 48 Information technology skills are readily available* 35 20 18 20 Qualified engineers are available in labor market* 48 23 28 29 Technological cooperation between companies* 37 37 39 35 Public and private sector ventures are supporting technological development* 20 17 18 21 Development and application of technology are supported by the legal environment* 37 32 34 31 Funding for technological development* 33 37 42 34 Technological regulation to support business development and innovation* 37 38 30 30 High-tech exports 7 6 6 5 High-tech exports as a percentage of manufactured exports 6 7 7 6 ICT as a percentage of total service exports 41 Cyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations* 23 38 58 39 Overall Ranking 14 11 8 13 *Indicators by survey Source: IMD, The World Competitiveness Yearbook (https://www.worldcompetitiveness.com/online) 38 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅳ. R&D Performance Global Competitiveness of Korea (WEF) 2012~2013 2013~2014 2014~2015 2015~2016 Global Competitiveness 19 25 26 26 Institutions 62 74 82 69 Infrastructure 9 11 14 13 Macroeconomic environment 10 9 7 5 Health and primary education 11 18 27 23 Higher education and training 17 19 23 23 Goods market efficiency 29 33 33 26 Labor market efficiency 73 78 86 83 Financial market development 71 81 80 87 Technological readiness 18 22 25 27 Market size 11 12 11 13 Business sophistication 22 24 27 26 R&D innovation 16 17 17 19 Source: WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report (www.weforum.org) Global Competitiveness ranking of major countries (2015~2016, WEF) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 26 3 6 4 22 10 28 Source: WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report (www.weforum.org) COmposite Science and Technology Index (COSTII) of Korea Indicator (Score) 2012 2013 2014 2015 Ranking Indicator (Score) Ranking Indicator (Score) Ranking Indicator (Score) Ranking COSTII 11.753 9 11.866 8 12.539 7 12.531 5 Resource 1.422 10 1.635 10 1.818 9 1.885 6 Activities 3.937 3 4.097 3 4.191 2 4.115 2 Network 1.505 18 1.600 13 1.896 11 1.693 8 Environment 3.269 19 3.180 20 2.876 23 2.908 22 Performance 1.878 7 1.875 8 1.872 10 1.931 8 Source: MSIP KISTEP, COSTII (2015) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 39

Ⅴ. Other R&D Statistics Other R&D Statistics 11. Energy and Resources Electricity supply and demand in Korea Tentative values are given for 2013. Source: Statistics Korea (Korea Power Exchange) (www.index.go.kr) Petroleum and LNG supply in Korea Crude oil imports (million barrels) 927 947 915 928 Petroleum Amount of crude oil imports (million USD) 100,076 106,859 99,072 93,904 LNG Imports (1,000 tons) 36,685 36,184 39,326 36,403 Source: Statistics Korea (Korea National Oil Corporation, Korea Gas Corporation, and Korea Customs) (www.index.go.kr) Total primary energy supply per 1,000 USD of GDP in major countries (2012) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China(ʼ11) Energy supply (toe)/ 1,000 USD (PPP) 0.19 0.16 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.27 PPP (Purchasing Power Parity): Exchange rate to be at par with the purchasing power of the countries currencies Source: OECD, Factbook 2014 (www.oecd-ilibrary.org) Nuclear electricity as a percentage of total electricity generation (%, 2011) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 31.1 20.0 11.6 17.6 74.6 18.8 1.9 Source: OECD, Factbook 2014 (www.oecd-ilibrary.org) 40 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅴ. Other R&D Statistics Overseas natural resource exploitation by Korea Number of overseas resource exploitation programs (cumulative) Self-sufficient exploitation ratio Petroleum/Gas 341 359 367 372 - In progress 198 201 193 182 * Production 69 80 78 74 * Exploitation 25 29 29 28 * Exploration 104 92 86 80 - Completed programs 143 158 174 190 General minerals 450 483 508 519 - In progress 307 331 343 345 - Completed programs 150 159 165 174 Petroleum/Gas 14 14 14 14.0 Bituminous coal 52 58 56 55.0 Iron 15 15 22 18.0 Bronze 10 11 11 11.0 Zinc 24.7 19.9 21.2 21.5 Nickel 30.5 31.9 45.8 61.7 Self-sufficient exploitation ratio indicates the percentage of resource developed and produced by domestic companies compared to total imports Source: Statistics Korea (Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy) (www.index.go.kr) 12. Green Growth and Technology Renewable energy supply in Korea (1,000 toe, %) 2010 2011 2012 2013 Renewable energy supply 6,856.3 7,582.8 8,850.7 9,879.2 Supply percentage 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.5 Solar heat 29.3 27.4 26.3 27.8 Sunlight 166.2 197.2 237.5 344.5 Bio 754.6 963.4 1,334.7 1,558.5 Waste 4,862.3 5,121.5 5,998.5 6,502.4 Water power 792.3 965.4 814.9 892.2 Wind power 175.6 185.5 192.7 242.4 Geothermal heat 33.4 47.8 65.3 87.0 Hydrogen/Fuel cell 42.3 63.3 82.5 122.4 Marine 0.2 11.2 98.3 102.1 Supply percentage indicates the percentage of renewable energy in primary energy Source: Statistics Korea (New Renewable Energy Center, Renewable Energy Supply Statistics) Contribution of renewables to energy supply in major countries (%, 2012) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China (ʼ11) 0.7 6.3 4.2 10.7 7.9 4.5 10.7 Source: OECD, Factbook 2014 (www.oecd-ilibrary.org) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 41

Ⅴ. Other R&D Statistics CO 2 emissions in major countries (kg per PPP $ of GDP, 2011) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 0.38 0.34 0.27 0.21 0.14 0.19 0.65 Source: The World Bank (www.worldbank.org) R&D expenditure on green technology as a percentage of GOVERD 2010 2011 2012 2013 As a percentage of GOVERD 16.4 17.2 17.1 17.9 Source: MSIP Green Technology Center, Statistics Yearbook of Green Technology R&D R&D budget for energy and environment as a percentage of GBAORD Korea USA Japan Germany France UK Environment 2.3 0.4 1.8 2.8 1.7 2.8 Energy 8.8 1.8 12.1 5.1 5.6 2.5 Total 11.1 2.2 13.8 8.0 7.6 5.2 Source: OECD, Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 (www.oecd-ilibrary.org) 13. Space Space programs as a percentage of civil GBAORD Korea USA Japan Germany France UK Civil GBAORD for space programs (million USD) 349 11,015 2,033 1,584 1,927 493 Space programs as a percentage of GBAORD 2.6 16.6 6.2 4.8 10.5 3.9 Government R&D budget does not include national defence budget Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) BERD performed in aerospace industry in major countries Aerospace industry R&D expenditure (million USD) of aerospace industry R&D expenditure in business enterprise R&D expenditure Korea USA (ʼ12) Japan Germany (ʼ12) France (ʼ12) UK (ʼ12) 113 24,817 500 3,054 4,089 2,397 0.3 8.2 0.4 4.4 10.6 8.9 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) 42 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2

Ⅴ. Other R&D Statistics 14. Biotechnology Biotechnology industry in Korea Industry trends (trillion Personnel 2010 2011 2012 2013 Production 0.57 6.40 7.14 7.52 Domestic demand 4.75 5.21 5.53 5.87 Exports 2.44 2.75 3.05 3.17 Imports 1.41 1.56 1.43 1.51 R&D personnel 10,366 10,656 11,284 11,605 Production personnel 10,806 11,449 11,924 12,205 Total 21,172 22,105 23,208 23,810 Production personnel indicates personnel for production, facility and quality management in biotechnology. Source: Statistics Korea (Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy) (www.index.go.kr) 15. Economic Indicators Population and GDP per capita in major countries (2014, thousands, USD) Population (thousands) GDP per capita (USD) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 50,424 318,796 127,053 82,384 66,189 64,511 1,360,720 27,971 54,640 36,253 46,763 42,744 45,695 6,747 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) Labor force, value added of industry, and exchange rates (2014) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Labor force (thousands) Value added of industry USD) Exchange rate (national currency per USD) 26,538 157,289 65,873 42,972 28,583 32,414 9,728 116,448 29,761 24,393 16,236 18,177 1,053.0 1.0 105.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-1 (stats.oecd.org) 793,000 78,725 6.1 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators 2015-2 43