ADC and DAC Standards Update
Revised ADC Standard 2010 New terminology to conform to Std-1057 SNHR became SNR SNR became SINAD Added more detailed test-setup descriptions Added more appendices Reorganized some of the presentation based on lessons learned while rewriting 1057. Final balloting just completed
1241 Table of Contents Excerpt 1 Overview 8 1.1 Scope 8 1.2 Analog-to-digital converter background 8 1.3 Guidance to the user 13 1.3.1 Interfacing 13 1.3.2 Test conditions 13 1.3.3 Electrical environment 14 1.3.4 Test equipment 14 1.3.5 Test selection 14 1.4 Manufacturer-supplied information 15 4 General test methods 32 4.1 Test setup 32 4.1.1 Sinewave test setup 33 4.1.2 Arbitrary signal test setup 33 4.1.3 Step signal setup 34 4.2 Taking a record of data 34 4.2.1 Use of output decimation in taking a record of data 35 4.3 Equivalent time sampling and undersampling 35 4.3.1 Extraction method 36 4.3.2 Comments on the extraction method for equivalent time sampling37 4.3.3 Alternate extraction method 38 4.3.4 Comments on alternate extraction method 39
1241 Table of Contents Excerpt 5 Sinewave testing and fitting 5.1 Curve fitting test method 5.4 Selecting signal amplitudes 5.5 Presenting sinewave data 5.6 Impurities of sinewave sources 5.7 Estimating impurity problems from sine-fitting results 5.8 Measuring and controlling sinewave impurities 6 Locating code transitions 6.1 Locating code transitions using a feedback loop 6.2 Alternate code transition location method based on ramp histogram 6.3 Alternate code transition location method, based on sine-wave histogram 6.4 Determining the static transfer curve 7 Analog input 7.1.1 Static input resistance 7.2 Static input impedance versus input signal level 7.3 Static input current 7.4 Static gain and offset 8 Linearity 8.1 Integral nonlinearity 8.2 Absolute accuracy error 8.3 Differential nonlinearity and missing codes 8.4 Example INL and DNL data 8.5 Monotonicity
1241 Table of Contents Excerpt 8.6 Hysteresis 8.7 Harmonic and spurious distortion 8.7.1 Total harmonic distortion 8.7.2 Spurious free dynamic range 8.8 Intermodulation distortion 8.8.1 Intermodulation distortion test method using two tones 8.8.2 Intermodulation distortion test methods using more than two tones 8.9 Noise power ratio (NPR) 9 Noise (total) 9.1 Signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) 9.2 Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 9.3 Effective number of bits (ENOB) 9.3.5 Effects of harmonic distortion on sinewave tests 9.4 Random noise 10 Step response parameters 10.2 Slew rate limit 10.3 Settling time parameters 10.4 Transition duration of step response 10.5 Overshoot and precursors
1241 Table of Contents Excerpt 11 Frequency response parameters 11.1 Bandwidth (BW) 11.2 Gain error (gain flatness) 11.3 Frequency response and gain from step response 12 Differential gain and phase 13 Aperture effects 13.1 Aperture duration 13.2 Aperture delay 13.3 Aperture jitter 14 Additional tests and specification 14.1 Digital logic signals 14.2 Pipeline delay 14.3 Out-of-range recovery 14.4 Differential input specifications 14.6 Power supply parameters Annex A (Informative) ADC Architectures Annex B (Informative) Sinewave fitting algorithms Annex C (Normative) Discrete Fourier transforms and windowing Annex D (Informative) Presentation of Sinewave data
Some ADC Critical Parameters DNL ENOB NPR INL DG SINAD THD IMD SFDR = differential nonlinearity = effective number of bits = noise power ratio = integral nonlinearity = differential gain error = signal-to-noise and distortion ratio = total harmonic distortion = intermodulation distortion = differential phase error
Setup for Sinewave Ttesting
Setup for Arbitrary Signal Testing
DAC Standard Completely New Structure similar to ADC Standard. Attempt to finish this year. Waveform recorder is the primary test instrument Does not have to be as accurate as the DAC. Test signals are sinewaves and steps as in ADC standard but generated is bit stream.
DAC Standard Table of Contents Excerpt 1. Overview 7 1.1 Scope and purpose 7 1.1.1 Digital to analog converter and analog to digital converter differences and similarities 7 1.2 Digital to analog converter background 9 1.3 Guidance to the user 16 1.3.1 Interfacing 16 1.3.2 Coding 16 1.3.3 Test conditions 19 1.3.4 Test equipment 19 1.3.5 Test selection 20 1.4 Manufacturer supplied information 20 4. Test methods 34 5. Fitting sinewaves 39
DAC Standard Table of Contents Excerpt 6. Digital input 42 6.1 Coding 42 6.2 Clock and data feedthrough 42 6.3 Static input parameters 42 6.4 Timing parameters 42 7. Analog inputs 43 8. Analog output (single-ended and differential) 43 8.1.1 Output impedance test method 44 8.2.1 Short circuit current test method 45 8.3.1 Compliance voltage test method 46 8.4.1 Load current test method for voltage-source DACs 46 8.5.2 Test method for dynamic range 47 9.1.1 Static gain and offset test method 47 9.3.1 Dynamic gain error 49 10.1.1 Integral nonlinearity test method 49
DAC Standard Table of Contents Excerpt 10.2 Differential nonlinearity 50 10.3 Monotonicity 50 10.4 Spurious free dynamic range 50 11. Noise 52 11.1 Signal to noise and distortion ratio 52 11.1.1 Test method for SINAD in the frequency domain 52 11.1.2 Test method for SINAD in the time domain 56 11.2 Signal to noise ratio 57 11.3 Effective number of bits 58 11.4 Noise power ratio 59 12. Harmonic and spurious distortion 60 12.1 Total harmonic distortion 60 12.2 Intermodulation distortion 61 12.3 Glitches 62 12.4 1/f Noise 62
DAC Standard Table of Contents Excerpt 13. Step response parameters 62 13.4 Settling time parameters 63 13.5 Transition duration 66 13.6 Overshoot and precursors 67 14. Interference-related DAC parameters 67 14.1 Multitone power ratio 68 14.3 Crosstalk (channel separation, channel isolation) 69 14.4 Channel matching 71 14.5 Channel skew 73 15. Frequency response parameters 73 15.2 Reference input bandwidth 73 15.3 Digital-to-analog-conversion frequency response 74 16. Differential gain and phase 77 17. Power supply parameters 78 Annex A (Informative) DAC Architectures 83 Annex B (Informative) Sinewave fitting algorithms 88 Annex C (Informative): Discrete Fourier transforms and windowing 88 Annex D (Informative) Software considerations 100
General DAC Model Used in Standard Figure 5 - Block diagram interpolating DAC. If K = 1, the DAC is a noninterpolating DAC
Critical DAC parameters ACLR = adjacent channel leakage power ratio CM = channel matching DG = differential gain DNL = differential nonlinearity DP = differential phase ENOB = effective number of bits GE = gain error IMD = Intermodulation distortion INL = integral nonlinearity OV = Output voltage compliance range MTPR = Missing Tone Power Ratio SINAD = signal-to-noise and distortion ratio SFDR = spurious free dynamic range SNR = signal to noise ratio T S = settling time THD = total harmonic distortion THD+N = THD plus noise TR = transient response
DAC Test Setup Filter here to remove fundamental frequency and reduce dynamic range requirement of waveform recorder.