TECHNICAL QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE COATING CURVES GLASS PROPERTIES MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES REFERENCE MATERIALS
TABLE OF CONTENTS Why Edmund Optics?... 3 Anti-Reflective (AR) Coatings... 4-16 Metallic Mirror Coatings... 17-23 Typical Relative Coating Cost... 24 Dielectric Mirror Coatings... 25-27 Other Coating Capabilities... 28 Common Equations... 29 Brewster s and Critical Angle... 3-31 MgF 2 Performance on Different Materials... 32 EO Glass Shop Material Properties... 33 λ and ν Conversion Chart... 34 Manufacturing Capabilities... 35-37 2 Www.edmundoptics.com
WHY EDMUND OPTICS? RELIABILITY We process and ship 95% of orders the same day With over 75 years in business, EO s promise to customers is MORE OPTICS, MORE TECHNOLOGY, AND MORE SERVICE #1 Preferred Supplier of Optical Components - Readex Research Survey QUALITY ISO 91 Certified and MIL-SPEC quality systems Complete testing and metrology services CAPABILITIES AND SERVICE Global optics manufacturing Staff of optical and mechanical designers worldwide Build-to-print manufacturing Custom design services emphasize designing for manufacturability from prototype to volume production Fast turnaround of modification services To contact us visit www.edmundoptics.com/contact Www.edmundoptics.com 3
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS Standard Visible Anti-Reflection Coatings 5. 4.5 4. 3.5 3. 2.5 2. λ/4 MgF 2 @ 55nm VIS (425-675nm) UV-VIS (25-7nm) VIS-NIR (4-1nm) VIS-EXT (35-7nm) 1.5 1..5. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 4 Www.edmundoptics.com
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS 4. Standard NIR Anti-Reflection Coatings 3.5 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 VIS-NIR (4-1nm) NIR I (6-15nm) NIR II (75-155nm) Telcom-NIR (12-16nm) SWIR (9-17nm) 1..5. 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Www.edmundoptics.com 5
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS MgF 2 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 38 43 48 53 58 63 68 73 R avg 1.75% 4-7nm (N-BK7) The most commonly used anti-reflection coating for visible wavelengths Highly durable and economical Optimized for 55nm for normal incidence Easily customized for other wavelength bands Typical energy density limit: 1 J/cm 2 @532nm, 1ns 6 Www.edmundoptics.com
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS UV-AR 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 225 275 325 375 425 475 R abs 1.% 25-425nm, R avg.75% 25-425nm, R avg.5% 37-42nm Frequently applied to UV fused silica lenses and windows Excellent broadband coverage from 25-425nm Optimized for 3nm for normal incidence Typical energy density limit: 3 J/cm 2 @355nm, 1ns Www.edmundoptics.com 7
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS UV-VIS 5 4.5 4 3.5 (%) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 R abs 1.% 35-45nm, R avg 1.5% 25-7nm Like the UV-AR coating, it is commonly applied to UV fused silica lenses and windows to increase transmission in the UV Designed for extended performance into the visible spectrum Typical energy density limit: 3 J/cm 2 @355nm, 1ns 8 Www.edmundoptics.com
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS VIS-EXT 4.5 4 3.5 3 (%) 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 R avg <.5% 35-7nm Broadband AR coating with low reflectance from 35-7nm Designed to cover more fluorescent wavelengths below 4nm Ideal for multi-spectral and hyper-spectral applications Typical energy density limit: 5 J/cm 2 @532nm, 1ns Www.edmundoptics.com 9
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS VIS-NIR 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 375 475 575 675 775 875 975 175 R abs.25% 88nm, R avg 1.25% 4-87nm, R avg 1.25% 89-1nm Broadband AR coating designed to yield maximum transmission (>99%) in both the visible and NIR Optimized for 89nm for normal incidence Typical energy density limit: 5 J/cm 2 @532nm, 1ns 1 Www.edmundoptics.com
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS VIS 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 375 425 475 525 575 625 675 725 R avg.4% 425-675nm Optimized transmission for angle of incidence Preferred over MgF 2 for visible applications requiring high transmission Typical energy density limit: 5 J/cm 2 @532nm, 1ns Www.edmundoptics.com 11
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS YAG-BBAR 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 R abs <.25% 532nm, R abs <.25% 164nm, R avg <1.% 5-11nm Optimized to minimize reflection at 164nm and 532nm Typical energy density limit: 5 J/cm 2 @532nm, 1ns 12 Www.edmundoptics.com
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS NIR I 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 55 65 75 85 95 15 R avg.5% 6-15nm Commonly used with fiber optics, laser diode modules, and NIR LED lights Typical energy density limit: 7 J/cm 2 @164nm, 1ns Www.edmundoptics.com 13
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS NIR II 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 R abs 1.5% 75-8nm, R abs 1.% 8-155nm, R avg.7% 75-155nm Works at slightly longer wavelengths than the NIR I coating Commonly used with fiber optics, laser diode modules, and NIR LED lights Typical energy density limit: 8 J/cm 2 @164nm, 1ns 14 Www.edmundoptics.com
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS TELECOM-NIR 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 14 114 124 134 144 154 164 174 R abs.25% 1295-1325nm, R abs.25% 1535-1565nm, R avg.25% 12-16nm Popular in telecommunications applications Www.edmundoptics.com 15
ANTI-REFLECTIVE (AR) COATINGS SWIR 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 85 95 15 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 R abs 1.5% 9-17nm, R avg 1.% 9-17nm Commonly used in SWIR applications including inspection of electronics or solar cells, surveillance, and anti-counterfeiting 16 Www.edmundoptics.com
METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS for Metallic Mirror Coatings NIR - IR Range 99. 97. 95. 93. 91. 89. 87. 85. 15 35 55 75 95 115 135 (nm) Protected Aluminum Range (μm) % Reflection.4 -.7 85 Enhanced Aluminum UV Ehanced Aluminum Protected Gold Protected Silver Range (μm) % Reflection Range (μm) % Reflection Range (μm) % Reflection Range (μm) % Reflection.45 -.65 95.25 -.45 89.7-2. 96.45-2. 98.4-2. 9.25 -.7 85 2. - 1. 96 2. - 1. 98 Www.edmundoptics.com 17
METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS 1. for Metallic Mirror Coatings UV - NIR Range 9. 8. 7. 6. 25 45 65 85 15 125 145 Protected Aluminum Range (μm) % Reflection.4 -.7 85 Enhanced Aluminum UV Ehanced Aluminum Protected Gold Protected Silver Range (μm) % Reflection Range (μm) % Reflection Range (μm) % Reflection Range (μm) % Reflection.45 -.65 95.25 -.45 89.7-2. 96.45-2. 98.4-2. 9.25 -.7 85 2. - 1. 96 2. - 1. 98 18 Www.edmundoptics.com
METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS PROTECTED GOLD 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Reflection @ Reflection @ Reflection @ 45 pp Reflection @ 45 s Reflection @ 45 s 3 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 R avg >96% 7-1nm High reflectance in the NIR and IR regions Durable coating with protective overcoat Performance of gold is maintained along with a more durable finish Typical energy density limit:.8 J/cm 2 @164nm, 1ns Www.edmundoptics.com 19
METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS PROTECTED SILVER 1 98 96 94 92 9 88 86 84 82 Reflection @ Reflection @ Reflection @ 45 45 p p Reflection @ 45 s Reflection @ 45 s 8 3 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 R avg >98% 45-1nm Excellent choice for broadband applications that span multiple spectral regions The protective coating reduces tendency to tarnish Best performance in low humidity environments Typical energy density limit:.5 J/cm 2 @532nm & 164nm, 1ns 2 Www.edmundoptics.com
METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS PROTECTED ALUMINUM 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Reflection @ Reflection @ Reflection @ 45 p p Reflection @ 45 s Reflection @ 45 s 3 13 23 33 43 53 63 R avg >85% 4-7nm, R avg >9% 4-2nm Our most popular coating for applications in the visible and NIR spectra λ/2 SiO overcoat protects the delicate aluminum and provides an abrasion-resistant surface Typical energy density limit:.3 J/cm 2 @532nm & 164nm, 1ns Www.edmundoptics.com 21
METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS ENHANCED ALUMINUM 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Reflection @ Reflection @ 45 p p Reflection @ 45 s Reflection @ 45 s 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 R avg >95% 45-65nm Enhanced reflectance in visual spectrum Same Improved handling characteristics of the protected aluminum coating Typical energy density limit:.2 J/cm 2 @532nm, 1ns 22 Www.edmundoptics.com
METALLIC MIRROR COATINGS UV ENHANCED ALUMINUM 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Reflection @ Reflection @ Reflection @ 45 p p Reflection @ 45 s Reflection @ 45 s 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 R avg >89% 25-45nm, R avg >85% 45-7nm Optimized reflectance in the UV spectrum Matches the handling characteristics of the protected aluminum coating Typical energy density limit:.5 J/cm 2 @355nm, 1ns Www.edmundoptics.com 23
RELATIVE COATING COST AR Coating Relative Cost Metallic Mirror Coating Relative Cost MgF 2 1 UV-AR 1.44 UV-VIS 1.67 VIS-EXT 1.33 VIS-NIR 1.78 VIS 1.22 YAG-BBAR 1.78 NIR I 1.67 NIR II 1.89 Telecom-NIR 1.78 SWIR 1.89 Protected Aluminum 1 Enhanced Aluminum 1.22 UV Enhanced Aluminum 1.22 Protected Gold 2.4 Protected Silver 2. BARRINGTON, NJ COATING CELL In addition to our global coating facilities for volume production, we have a coating cell in Barrington, NJ for quick coating runs of small quantities, prototyping, and research and development. 24 Www.edmundoptics.com
DIELECTRIC MIRROR COATINGS 4-75nm Reflectance Reflection (%) (%) 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 AOI 45 AOI 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 85 R avg 98% @ - 45 all polarizations, R avg 99% @ all polarizations Ideal for beam steering or applications utilizing multiple laser sources Superior reflectance from to 45 AOI Www.edmundoptics.com 25
DIELECTRIC MIRROR COATINGS 75-11nm Reflectance Reflection (%) (%) 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 AOI 45 AOI 65 75 85 95 15 115 125 R avg 98% @ - 45 all polarizations, R avg 99% @ all polarizations Ideal for beam steering or applications utilizing multiple laser sources Exceptional reflectance for s- and p-polarization 26 Www.edmundoptics.com
DIELECTRIC MIRROR COATINGS VUV AND DUV 1 95 9 85 8 75 7 VUV Coated DUV Coated 65 12 32 52 72 92 112 132 152 172 192 212 232 252 VUV Coating: R avg 78% @ 12-125nm, R avg 85% @ 12-6nm DUV Coating: R avg 88% @ 19-195nm, R avg 85% @ 2-6nm Designed for AOI Maintains a broadband reflectance throughout the UV and visible spectrum Www.edmundoptics.com 27
Filters Fluorescence, Dichroic, Narrow Bandpass, Multi-Bandpass, Notch, Edge (SWP and LWP) Laser V-Coatings and Double V-Coatings Beamsplitters Polarizing, Non-Polarizing ITO Conductive Hot and Cold Dielectric Mirrors Specialized Designs Build-to-Print, Custom Design and Development for UV, Visible, Infrared (NIR, MWIR, SWIR, LWIR) OTHER COATING CAPABILITIES 28 Www.edmundoptics.com
COMMON EQUATIONS Fresnel Equations Abbe Number R s = n cosθ n cosθ 2 1 i 2 t V n 1 cosθ i + n 2 cosθ D = n 1 D t n F n C R p = n cosθ n cosθ 1 t 2 i n 1 cosθ t + n 2 cosθ i At normal incidence: R = n 1 n 2 2 Critical Angle for TIR θ C = sin -1 n 2 n 1 where n 1 >n 2 Brewster s Angle θ B = tan -1 n 2 n 1 2 n 1 + n 2 Thin-Film AR Coating Index for % Reflectance n f = (n n S ) 1/2 where n f is the index of the film, n is the index of the incident material (1 for air), and n s is the substrate index Snell s Law n 1 sinθ = n 2 sinθ Malus Law For Polarizers I = I cos2 θ where θ is the angle between the analyzer and polarizer Www.edmundoptics.com 29
REFLECTANCE FROM AIR TO N-BK7 1 Reflectance from Air to N-BK7 Reflectance from Air to N-BK7 9 8 7 Rs Rp 6 5 4 Brewester s angle 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Angle of Incidence ( ) 3 Www.edmundoptics.com
REFLECTANCE FROM N-BK7 TO AIR 1 Reflectance from N-BK7 to Air Reflectance from N-BK7 to Air 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Critical angle Rs Rp Range of total internal reflection 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Angle of Incidence ( ) Www.edmundoptics.com 31
MgF 2 PERFORMANCE ON DIFFERENT MATERIALS Single Layer MgF 2 AR 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 BK7 SF57 Fused Silica LAK22 Sapphire 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 32 Www.edmundoptics.com
EO GLASS SHOP MATERIAL PROPERTIES Material Refractive Index (n d ) Abbe Number (v d ) Density (g/cm 3 ) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Max Operating Temp ( C) N-BK7 1.517 64.2 2.46 7.1 557 FUSED SILICA 1.458 67.7 2.2.55 1 N-SF57 1.847 23.8 5.51 8.3 414 N-SF11 1.785 25.8 5.41 6.2 53 N-LAK22 1.651 55.89 3.73 6.6 689 N-F2 1.62 36.4 3.61 8.2 432 N-SF6 1.85 25.39 3.37 9. 65 BOROFLOAT 1.472 65.7 2.2 3.25 45 N-LASF9 1.85 32.2 4.44 7.4 698 N-BAK4 1.569 56.1 3.1 7. 555 N-LAK8 1.713 53.83 3.75 5.6 643 S-FSL5 1.487 7.2 2.46 9. 457 B27 1.523 58.5 2.55 8.2 533 N-SF2 1.648 33.9 3.86 8.4 441 N-SF15 1.699 3.2 2.92 8.4 58 N-LASF44 1.83 46.4 4.46 6.2 666 Www.edmundoptics.com 33
WAVELENGTH AND FREQUENCY CONVERSION CHART Visible Color Wavelength Frequency (THz) Wave Number (cm -1 ) Common Source Å nm µm 1 93 193.193 1 553.3288 51 813.4715 ArF Excimer 2 48 248.248 1 28.846 4 322.586 KrF Excimer 2 66 266.266 1 127.393 37 593.985 Nd:YAG 3 8 38.38 973.3521 32 467.5325 XeCl Excimer 3 371 337.1.3371 889.328 29 664.7879 N 2 3 51 351.351 854.196 28 49.285 Ar-Ion or XeF Excimer 3 55 355.355 844.4858 28 169.141 Nd:YAG or Nd:YVO 4 4 5 45.45 74.2283 24 691.358 InGaN Diode 4 579 457.9.4579 654.7116 21 838.8294 Ar-Ion 4 861 486.1.4861 616.73 2 571.8988 Fraunhofer F Line (H) 4 88 488.488 614.3288 2 491.833 Ar-Ion or Xe or InGaAs Diode 5 145 514.5.5145 582.687 19 436.346 Ar-Ion 5 32 532.532 563.5197 18 796.9925 Nd:Yag or Nd:YVO 4 5 876 587.6.5876 51.1982 17 18.3799 Fraunhofer d Line (He) 6 328 632.8.6328 473.7555 15 82.7813 He:Ne 6 35 635.635 472.1141 15 748.315 AlGaInP Diode 6 563 656.3.6563 456.7918 15 236.9343 Fraunhofer C Line (H) 6 6 66.66 454.231 15 151.5152 AlGaInP Diode 7 8 78.78 384.3493 12 82.5128 AlGaAs Diode 8 85 88.5.885 37.88 12 368.5838 InGaAsP Diode 8 3 83.83 361.1957 12 48.1928 AlGaAs Diode 9 8 98.98 35.917 1 24.816 InGaAs or InGaAsP Diode 1 64 164 1.64 281.7598 9 398.4962 Nd:Yag or Nd:YVO 4 12 9 129 1.29 232.3973 7 751.938 InGaAsP Diode 15 5 155 1.55 193.4145 6 451.6129 InGaAsP Diode 16 16 1.6 28.2823 943.3962 CO 2 34 Www.edmundoptics.com
SPHERICAL LENS MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES Commercial Precision High Precision Diameter 4-2mm 4-2mm 4-2mm Diameter Tolerance +/-.1mm +/-.25mm +/-.1mm Thickness ±.1mm ±.5mm ±.1mm Surface Sag ±.5mm ±.25mm ±.1mm Clear Aperture 8% 9% 9% Radius ±.3% ±.1% Fix to Test Plate Power (P - V) 3.λ 1.5λ λ/2 Irregularity (P - V) 1.λ λ/4 λ/2 Centering (Beam Deviation) 3 arcmin 1 arcmin.5 arcmin Bevel (Face width @45 degrees) <1.mm <.5mm <.25mm Surface Quality 8-5 4-2 1-5 Www.edmundoptics.com 35
ASPHERIC LENS MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES Commercial Precision High Precision Diameter 1-15mm 1-15mm 1-15mm Diameter Tolerance +/-.1mm +/-.25 +/-.1 Asphere Figure Error (P - V) 5μm.632-1.5μm <.312μm Vertex Radius (Asphere) ±1% ±.1% ±.5% Radius (Spherical) ±.3% ±.1% ±.25% Power (Spherical) 2λ λ/2 λ/1 Irregularity (Spherical) λ/2 λ/4 λ/2 Sag 25mm max 25mm max 25mm max Typical Slope Tolerance 1μm/mm.35μm/mm.15μm/mm Centering (Beam Deviation) 3 arcmin 1 arcmin.5 arcmin Center Thickness Tolerance ±.1mm ±.5mm ±.1mm Surface Quality (Scratch Dig) 8-5 4-2 1-5 Aspheric Surface Metrology Profilometry Profilometry Profilometry 36 Www.edmundoptics.com
OPTICAL PRISM MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES Commercial Precision High Precision Dimensions 2-2mm 2-15mm 2-75mm Dimensional Tolerance +/-.1mm +/-.25mm +/-.1mm V-Height ±.25mm ±.1mm ±.3mm Irregularity 1.λ λ/4 λ/2 Prism Physical Angle Tolerance ±3 arcmin ±3 arcsec 45º & 9º ±.5 arcsec Penta Prism Deviation 5 arcmin 3 arcmin.5 arcsec Bevel Tolerance (Face Width @ 45 ) ±.2mm ±.1mm ±.5mm Surface Quality (Scratch Dig) 8-5 4-2 1-5 Bonded Prism Assembly Beam Deviation 5 arcmin 3 arcmin.5 arcmin Surface Quality 8-5 4-2 1-5 Www.edmundoptics.com 37
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