Emily Dobson, Sydney Reed, Steve Smoak A computer that has the ability to perform the same tasks as an intelligent being Reason Learn from past experience Make generalizations Discover meaning 1 1
1950- Alan Turing developed a way to test intelligent behavior Turing Test Artificial Intelligence officially created by IBM at Dartmouth College John McCarthy 1956- coined term Artificial Intelligence 1958- invented Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) 1971- Turing Award Winner 2
1960s- early1980s: AI focused on rule based systems and logic 1985: Judea Pearl innovated new approach Learning from computer problem-solving Bayesian Networks *2011 Turing Award Winner 1991: Desert Storm AI used in missile systems, heads-up display, etc. 1997 IBM Deep Blue vs. Human World Champion in chess Mars Pathfinder 1 st RoboCup 3
Creativity is a distinctly human characteristic. AI needs to show creativity in order to be considered as intelligent as a human being. Examples of Creative AI: Emmy the Composer Aaron the Artist 2 Developed in 1981 Has composed music similar to Bach, Brahms, Chopin, and Mozart. Emmy finds patterns in the structure of these famous pieces, disassembles this structure into pieces, and reconstructs them in a new way. 2 4
Created by Harold Cohen Work compared to Gauguin and Rousseau Cohen uses Aaron as a way to create his works but also attributes cognitive abilities to Aaron. Aaron s paintings continually improve in their balance, perspective and accuracy. 2 A robot that takes its current situation and behaves acccordingly AI lab at MIT Problem: Computers are expert physicians and engineers but cannot tie their own shoes. Approach: Create a machine from the ground up, starting with the teaching of simple tasks Led to the creation of Humanoid Robots 2 5
Developed at the MIT lab Ability to express emotions on the face, such as anger, fatigue, fear, disgust, excitement, happiness, interest, sadness, and surprise. It has eyebrows, ears, eyelids, and a mouth that can all move in various ways to portray an emotion. Kismet can make eye contact and nod his head by imitating a person standing in front of him. 2 6
Developed in Japan Child-like robot Used to study child development More specifically, used to study autism by observing a child s ability to imitate the actions of others. 2 7
Main financial resource for AI Areas that apply AI: combat simulation, pattern recognition, decision making, autonomous agents, unmanned vehicles and drone planes, air-systems, translation and second language leaning, and tutoring Iphone s digital assistant SIRI was originally developed for the military Uses smart voice recognition software and human archetype 8
2003 program to revolutionize warfare $200 Billion dollar project by Boeing Consists of a network of 14 air and ground vehicles that use AI Fire Scout Unmanned Helicopter > Plan was intended to replace soldiers with robots by 2030. However, concerns about cost overruns, vehicle design, and contract structure prompted the pentagon to cancel the FCS program in June 2009 Army now has developed other programs to continue parts of FCS (ground robots & drones) Hard to predict for AI, but trends suggest Strong AI (machines with humanlike brains) in a couple decades Moore s Law-yesterday's supercomputer is tomorrow's smartphone Strong AI will most likely develop with the advancement of nanotechnology which builds with the atomic precision necessary to develop a human brain 9
Superhuman intelligence in the future is likely to develop, but it is unlikely going to be a threat The Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Foresight Nanotech Institute are already taking steps to ensure friendly artificial intelligence If you're trying to project the long-term future, and what you get sounds like science fiction, you might be wrong. But if it doesn't sound like science fiction, it's definitely wrong. -Christine Peterson VP Foresight Nanotech Institute AI is a revolutionary field that will continue to stretch the limits of human accomplishment AI predicts a world where machines can be called friends 10
1 "artificial intelligence (AI)." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition.<http://0- www.britannica.com.library.wofford.edu/ebchecked/topic/37146/artificialintelligence>. 2 Ekbia, Hamid R. Fifty Years of Research in Artificial Intelligence. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/15/a-turing-award-for-helpingmake-computers-smarter/?scp=6&sq=artificial%20intelligence&st=cse http://library.thinkquest.org/2705/history.html http://aaai.org/aitopics/briefhistory http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2011/10/15/apples-siri-and-thefuture-of-artificial-intelligence/ http://singinst.org/summit/speakers/peterson/ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/fcs.htm 11