Advanced InSAR Techniques for Urban Infrastructure Monitoring Warren Cartwright, Product Manager MDA Geospatial Services, Canada www.mdacorporation.com RESTRICTION ON USE, PUBLICATION OR DISCLOSURE OF PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND IMAGES This document contains information and images that are proprietary to MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. ( MDA ), to its subsidiaries, or to third parties to which MDA may have legal obligations to protect such information or images from unauthorized disclosure, use or duplication. Any disclosure, use or duplication of this document or of any of the information or images contained herein for other than the specific purpose for which it was disclosed is expressly prohibited, except as MDA or such appropriate third party may expressly agree in writing. MDA is a trademark of MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. COPYRIGHT 2014 MDA, subject to General herein Acknowledgements is subject to the for restrictions the third parties on the whose title images page have of this been document. used in permissible COPYRIGHT forms. 2013 All rights MDA reserved.
About MDA Geospatial Services Leading The global market provider leader of geospatial in the operational information delivery solutions to customers of time-sensitive, with operational business needs process-specific, for essential decision geospatial making information Provides information solutions derived from imagery collected by satellites, aerial platforms, and other sources Designs and delivers near real-time solutions based on geospatial data for operational environments Delivers operationally-responsive, 24/7 support for just-in-time decision making Operates the RADARSAT-2 satellite mission Distributes RADARSAT-2 and other radar imagery worldwide Exclusive distributor of RADARSAT-2 2
SAR vs. Optical Earth Observation Satellites -Geo Image: Astrium- 3
SAR vs. Optical Earth Observation Satellites Active Sensor Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) RADARSAT-2 TerraSAR-X COSMO-SkyMed Sentinel-1 Provide their own energy source SAR antenna measures the backscatter and traveling time of the transmitted waves Data file Algorithmic analysis Automated processing Microwaves Weather and daylight independent Resolution from.25m to 100m Scene size from 5-500km Passive Sensor Optical (Electro-optical) WorldView-2 Pléiades 1A Landsat8 Require the sun s illumination for imaging Photograph Easy to use for visual interpretation Primarily visible and near-infrared light Panchromatic and multispectral (color) bands Cannot image through clouds Resolution from <1m - >1,000m Scene size from <10 km to >2,000 km Image: Astrium- -Geo 4
SAR vs. Optical Earth Observation Satellites World Wind Image: NASA W 5
What is InSAR? 6
InSAR Methodology: Scatterer Types Distributed Scatterer: many interfering scatterers Speckle depends on baselines More Rayleigh-like Higher amplitude dispersion Expected higher phase noise Best filtered over homogeneous areas Persistent Scatterer: dominated by single scatterer Low speckle Gaussian Often higher amplitude Low amplitude dispersion Expected lower phase noise Best not filtered 7
InSAR Method (Adaptive Spatial Filtering) Problem: What to do when Distributed Scatterer (DS) InSAR and Persistent Scatterer (PS) InSAR alone are insufficient? Answer: Combine them! Method for Reducing Noise 1 st Characteristics Weakness DSI Gen Averaging over Resolution loss (Distributed Scatterer rectangular grid to reduce Contaminate good InSAR) noise. points 2 nd PSI Gen Identify low noise points Throw out most data (Persistent Scatterer and form sparse grid. Poor spatial coverage InSAR) N_scenes > 15 3 rd HDS Adaptive spatial filtering N_scenes > 15 Gen (Homogeneous based on temporal Distributed Scatterer) intensity distributions*. Optimizes SNR/ resolution tradeoff mparison between mplitude statistics: A com ):441-445. multilooking exploiting am Remote Sens. Lett., 8(3):. Adaptive InSAR stack m cal results. IEEE Geosci. R i, A. and Brcic, R. (2011). nt techniques and practic * Parizzi differen 8
HDS-InSAR Target Density DSI PSI HDS +1 cm/year -1 cm/year Linear deformation rate maps of Vancouver s YVR airport (RADARSAT-2, Ultra-Fine, 40 scenes) ler ucts MacDonald, Dettwil 2) All Rights Reserved. RADA ARSAT-2 Data and Produ and Associates Ltd. (2012 e rk of the Canadian Space cy DARSAT is an official mar Agenc a RAD 9
InSAR for Urban Infrastructure Monitoring Structures Buildings Roads Bridges Underground pipelines Tunnels Routine monitoring with InSAR can identify areas of risk in the urban environment before they become catastrophic problems Movement, leading to damaging stresses caused by Ground deformation Soil moisture variations Pipe leakages Structure settling Frost heave 10
New Residential Development +1 cm/yr -1 cm/yr Source: GoogleEarth Streetview RADARSAT-2 Data and Products MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (2012). All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency. Extreme subsidence in a Winnipeg, consistent with slumping of the riverbank. 11
Canada Line, Vancouver BC Canada Line line-of-sight linear deformation rate 1 cm/yr -1 cm/yr Stable Ongoing subsidence Ongoing subsidence 12
InSAR Next Generation Multiple Incidence Angle InSAR Multi-track InSAR Combine results from multiple passes of the satellite Or from multiple satellites Starting to use in production Initial successes with customers 13
Quebec City Multi-temporal Filtered Mosaic Ultra-Fine 14
Multi-temporal Filtered Process Reduce speckle from radar data Generate homogenous areas while maintaining boundaries This is the Citadel of Quebec City Spotlight mode (1 m)
Change Detection: by Year Quebec City RADARSAT-1 and RADARSAT-2 Dates ranging from 1998-2013 Change indicated by year 16
Why MDA for Urban Monitoring and InSAR Operational control and reliability MDA operates the RADARSAT-2 satellite MDA has access to other SAR and optical missions History of success MDA has clients we ve worked with for over 10 years Many clients have expanded the number projects Dedicated and experienced team R&D investment 2012 2013 2014-Q1 No. of analyst 4.5 6 6.5 No. of software developers 2 2.5 3 Dedicated PPM's 2.5 2.5 3 Project engineering and QC 1 2 2 Deliverables 109 126 29 No. of data stacks 30+ 42 44 17
MDA Geospatial Services Inc. THANK YOU! 18
Victoria Bridge, Montreal Quebec Linear Rate -0.3 cm/yr +0.3 cm/yr Minimal linear rate on majority of bridge. Some (Westward) movement towards radar LOS on East side of bridge Temperature-correlated displacement -0.3 mm/ C +0.3 mm/ C Fixed joints on right- hand side allow expansion to the West only RADARSAT-2 Data and Products MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (2013). All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency. Fixed joints on left-hand side allow expansion to the East only 19