Solar Energy for Development Proceedings of the International Conference held at Varese, Italy, March 26-29, 1979 by the Commission of the European Communities Martinus NijhlJff Publishers - The Hague/Boston/London 1979 for The Commission of the European Communities
The distribution of this book is handled by the following team of publishers: for the United States and Canada Kluwer Boston, Inc. 160 Old Derby Street Hingham, MA 02043 USA for all other countries Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Center P.O. Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht The Netherlands ISBN-13: 978-90-247-2239-6 e-isbn-13: 978-94-009-9332-7 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-9332-7 Publication arranged by Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Scientific and Technical Information and Information Management, Luxembourg EUR 6377 EN, FR ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg, 1979 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission. For further information: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers b.v., P.O.B. 566, 2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands LEGAL NOTICE Neither the Commission of the European Communities or any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.
Preface The International Conference "Solar Energy for Development" was held from the 26th to the 29th of March 1979 in Varese, Italy. The Conference was organised by the Commission of the European Communities to assess the potential of solar energy for meeting the needs in the developing countries, particularly in their rural areas. The objectives of the Conference were threefold: - To review those solar energy technologies which are appropriate for large scale utilisation in the short and medium term; - To appraise problems which may be alleviated by a better use of conventional solar energy and the introduction of appropriate new solar technologies; - To recommend ways and means of extending the use of solar energy, taking into account technical and non-technical criteria. Before the Conference, in September and October 1978, five regional solar energy seminars were held in Nairobi (East Africa), Bamako (West Africa), Amman (Arab countries), Caracas (Latin America) and New Delhi (South and South-East Asia). With the help of the experts at these seminars a general working document was established and made available to the participants of the Conference. 280 experts from 80 countries all over the world were invited by the Commission to attend the Conference. The United Nations and 11 other regional and international organisations were represented. The Conference was opened by Dr. Guido Brunner, Member of the Commission responsible for Energy, Research, Science and Education, in the presence of Dr. Antoniozzi, Minister for the coordination of scientific and technological research of Italy, and other high officials. The current development policy of the Commission of the European Communities was presented by Mr. Maurice Foley, Deputy Director General for Development. The Conference was organised as a forum for exchange of information and constructive dialogue. Each session was opened by a keynote speech followed by free discussion. This report includes the full text of all keynote speeches and summaries of the discussions prepared by rapporteurs. The executive summary which precedes the mainbody of this report is an amended version of a draft submitted to the Conference in its final session which takes into account the suggestions expressed on that occasion. This report will be submitted to the UN Conference on Science and Technology for Development which is to be held in August 1979 in Vienna. No doubt, it will also be of use to the Commission of the European Communities and the participating countries and organisations as a guide to their future programmes and actions on solar energy. 3
The organisers take this opportunity to thank again the chairmen, rapporteurs, keynote speakers and all experts whose active and constructive contribution made possible the success of the Conference. G. SCHUSTER Director General for Research, Science and Education Commission of the European Communities 4
Table of contents Page I. Executive Summary II. Conference Agenda and Organisation III. Opening Addresses, Addresses of Welcome IV. Keynote Speech: Solar Energy for Development V. Water VI. Power Production VII. Solar Heat VIII. International and Regional Cooperation IX. Environmental and Social Implications X. Appendices A. Summary of the Preparatory Seminars B. Summary of a film on Energy for Rural Development C. Some Contributed Papers from the Participants D. List of Participants 7 15 23 33 45 53 59 67 77 82 93 97 103 108 111 115 117 211 5