PIPING COMPONENTS Piping components are mechanical elements suitable for joining or assembly into pressure-tight fluid containing piping systems. Components include pipe, tubing, fittings, flanges, gaskets, bolting, valves and devices such as expansion joints, flexible joints, pressure hoses, traps, strainers, in-line portions of instruments.
PIPING NOMENCLATURE
PIPING NOMENCLATURE Header Branch connection Valve Flange Expansion joint Expansion loop Pipe support Reducer Elbow
PIPING SYSTEM Branch Run Continued...
PIPE MANUFACTURING
SEAMLESS PIPE - Manufacturing Billet preparing visual control Billet chopping Billet heating in annular furnace Rough tube piercing Tube rolling in continuous mandrel mill Mandrel removing Continued...
SEAMLESS PIPE - Manufacturing Tube heating in cell induction furnace Sizing and reduction Stalk ends cutting, tubes cutting with flying shears Tubes cooling Tubes leveling Tubes cutting in ready sizes, tubes facing Continued...
SEAMLESS PIPE - Manufacturing Geometry measuring, mechanical tests, chemical composition control Tube ends sizing (by OD and ID) Heating for quenching Quenching in sprayer Tempering Tubes cooling Continued...
SEAMLESS PIPE - Manufacturing Tubes etching Ultrasonic or electromagnetic test Hydraulic test Sweeping-up (if required), visual control Preservative coating Weighing, marking, packing, storing Continued...
ERW PIPE - Manufacturing Continued...
ERW PIPE - Manufacturing Slitting: HR Coils are slotted to pre-determined widths for each and every size of pipes Uncoiling, End Shearing And Welding: The slotted coil is uncoiled at the entry of ERW mill and the ends are sheared and welded one after another. This results in a single endless strip. Forming: The slotted coils are initially formed into U shape and after that into a cylindrical shape with open edges utilizing a series of forming rolls. Continued...
ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELDED PIPE Welding: Welding In this stage, the open edges are heated to the forging temperature through high-frequency, lowvoltage, high current and press welded by forge rolls making perfect and strong but weld without filler materials. De Beading: In this stage, the weld flash on top and inside (if required) is trimmed out using the carbide tools. Continued...
ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELDED PIPE Seam Annealing: If required, the welding portion and heat affected zone is put to normalizing and then are cooled down in a air cooling bed. Sizing: After water quenching, slight reduction is applied to pipes with sizing rolls. This results in producing desired accurate outside diameter. Continued...
ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELDED PIPE Cutting: In cutting stage, the pipes are cut to required lengths by flying cut off disc/saw cutter. End Facing And Bevelling: This is usually stage, where the pipes ends are faced and bevelled by the end facer. All these processes are continuous with automatic arrangements. These plain ended tubes further go for processing as per the customer requirements such as galvanizing, threading, black varnishing and more.
PIPE CLASSIFICATION NPS: Nominal pipe size. T Wall Thickness OD: Outside Diameter
PIPE - Definition Pipe is a tube with round cross section conforming to the dimensional requirements of Governing standards For EX ASME B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe ASME B36.19M Stainless Steel Pipe Commonly designated by nominal pipe sizes and American National Standards Institute's schedule numbers.
PIPE SIZE Nominal pipe size (NPS) is a dimensionless designator of pipe size. It indicates standard pipe size when followed by the specific size designation number without an inch symbol. NPS 12 and smaller pipe has outside diameter greater than the size designator Ex: NPS 2 indicates a pipe whose Outside Diameter is 2.375 in. NPS 14 and larger pipe is the same as the size designator in inches. Ex: NPS 14 pipe has an Outside Diameter equal to 14 in.
PIPE SIZE Diameter nominal (DN) is also a dimensionless designator of pipe size in the metric unit system, developed by ISO. It indicates standard pipe size when followed by the specific size designation number. For example, DN 50 is the equivalent designation of NPS 2.
PIPE SIZE NPS and DN pipe size equivalents: NPS DN NPS DN NPS DN NPS DN 1/8 6 3 ½ 90 22 550 44 1100 ¼ 8 4 100 24 600 48 1200 3/8 10 5 125 26 650 52 1300 ½ 15 6 150 28 700 56 1400 ¾ 20 8 200 30 750 60 1500 1 25 10 250 32 800 64 1600 1 ¼ 32 12 300 34 850 68 1700 1 ½ 40 14 350 36 900 72 1800 2 50 16 400 38 950 76 1900 2 ½ 65 18 450 40 1000 80 2000 3 80 20 500 42 1050 For sizes larger than NPS 80, determine the DN equivalent by multiplying NPS size designation number by 25 without a millimetre symbol.
PIPE THICKNESS In the beginning, each pipe size was produced to have one thickness, which later was termed as standard (STD) As the industrial requirements demanded the handling of higher-pressure fluids, pipes were produced having thicker walls, which came to be known as extra strong (XS) or extra heavy (XH). The higher pressure requirements increased further, requiring thicker wall pipes. Accordingly, pipes were manufactured with double extra strong (XXS) or double extra heavy (XXH) while the standardized outside diameters are unchanged.
PIPE THICKNESS With the development of stronger and corrosion-resistant piping materials, the term schedule (SCH) was invented to specify the various nominal wall thickness of pipe. Schedule numbers are 5, 5s, 10, 10s, 20, 20s, 30, 40, 40s, 60, 80, 80s, 100, 120, 140, 160 The schedule numbers followed by the letter S are per ASME B36.19M, and they are primarily intended for use with stainless steel pipe.
PIPE THICKNESS Original pipe wall thickness designations of STD, XS, and XXS have been retained; however, they correspond to a certain schedule number depending upon the nominal pipe size. The nominal wall thickness of NPS 10 and smaller schedule-40 pipe is same as that of Standard Wall Thickness pipe. Also, NPS 8 and smaller schedule-80 pipe has the same wall thickness as XS pipe. (Refer Sch. Chart)
PIPE THICKNESS Schedule Chart NPS OD S5s S10s S10 S20 S30 S40s STD S40 S60 S80s X-S S80 S100 S120 S140 S160 XX-S 1/8 10.3-1.24 - - - 1.73 1.73 1.73-2.41 2.41 2.41 - - - - - 1/4 13.7-1.65 - - - 2.24 2.24 2.24-3.02 3.02 3.02 - - - - - 3/8 17.1-1.65 - - - 2.31 2.31 2.31-3.2 3.2 3.2 - - - - - 1/2 21.3 1.65 2.11 - - - 2.77 2.77 2.77-3.73 3.73 3.73 - - - 4.78 7.47 3/4 26.7 1.65 2.11 - - - 2.87 2.87 2.87-3.91 3.91 3.91 - - - 5.56 7.82 1 33.4 1.65 2.77 - - - 3.38 3.38 3.38-4.55 4.55 4.55 - - - 6.35 9.09 1.25 42.2 1.65 2.77 - - - 3.56 3.56 3.56-4.85 4.85 4.85 - - - 6.35 9.7 1.5 48.3 1.65 2.77 - - - 3.68 3.68 3.68-5.08 5.08 5.08 - - - 7.14 10.2 2 60.3 1.65 2.77 - - - 3.91 3.91 3.91-5.54 5.54 5.54 - - - 8.74 11.1 2.5 73 2.11 3.05 - - - 5.16 5.16 5.16-7.01 7.01 7.01 - - - 9.52 14 3 88.9 2.11 3.05 - - - 5.49 5.49 5.49-7.62 7.62 7.62 - - - 11.1 15.2 3.5 102 2.11 3.05 - - - 5.74 5.74 5.74-8.08 8.08 8.08 - - - - - 4 114 2.11 3.05 - - - 6.02 6.02 6.02-8.56 8.56 8.56-11.1-13.5 17.1 5 141 2.77 3.4 - - - 6.55 6.55 6.55-9.53 9.53 9.53-12.7-15.9 19.1 6 168 2.77 3.4 - - - 7.11 7.11 7.11-1097 11 11-14.3-18.3 22 8 219 2.77 3.76-6.35 7.04 8.18 8.18 8.18 10.3 12.7 12.7 12.7 15.1 18.3 20.6 23 22.2 10 273 3.4 4.19-6.35 7.8 9.27 9.27 9.27 12.7 12.7 12.7 15.1 18.3 21.4 25.4 28.6 25.4 12 324 3.96 4.57-6.35 8.38 9.53 9.53 10.3 14.3 12.7 12.7 17.5 21.4 25.4 28.6 33.3 25.4 14 356 3.96 4.78 6.35 7.92 9.53-9.53 11.1 15.1-12.7 19.1 23.8 27.8 31.8 35.7-16 406 4.19 4.78 6.35 7.92 9.53-9.53 12.7 16.7-12.7 21.4 26.2 31 36.5 40.5-18 457 4.19 4.78 6.35 7.92 11.1-9.53 14.3 19.1-12.7 23.8 29.4 34.9 39.7 45.2-20 508 4.78 5.54 6.35 9.53 12.7-9.53 15.1 20.6-12.7 26.2 32.5 38.1 44.5 50 -
PIPE CLASSIFICATION Schedule Chart NPS OD S5s S10s S10 S20 S30 S40s STD S40 S60 S80s X-S S80 S100 S120 S140 S160 XX-S 22 559 4.78 5.54 6.35 9.53 12.7-9.53-22.2-12.7 28.6 34.9 41.3 47.6 54-24 610 5.54 6.35 6.35 9.53 14.3-9.53 17.5 24.6-12.7 31 38.9 46 52.4 59.5-26 660 - - 7.92 12.7 - - 9.53 - - - 12.7 - - - - - - 28 711 - - 7.92 12.7 15.9-9.53 - - - 12.7 - - - - - - 30 762 6.35 7.92 7.92 12.7 15.9-9.53 - - - 12.7 - - - - - - 32 813 - - 7.92 12.7 15.9-9.53 17.5 - - 12.7 - - - - - - 34 864 - - 7.92 12.7 15.9-9.53 17.5 - - 12.7 - - - - - - 36 914 - - 7.92 12.7 15.9-9.53 19.1 - - 12.7 - - - - - - 38 965 - - - - - - 9.53 - - - 12.7 - - - - - - 40 1016 - - - - - - 9.53 - - - 12.7 - - - - - - 42 1067 - - - - - - 9.53 - - - 12.7 - - - - - - 44 1118 - - - - - - 9.53 - - - 12.7 - - - - - - 46 1168 - - - - - - 9.53 - - - 12.7 - - - - - - 48 1219 - - - - - - 9.53 - - - 12.7 - - - - - - Reference: ASME B36.10M, ASME B36.19M
PIPE SUPPLY Dimensions Dimensions NPS 1/8, ¼, 3/8, ½, ¾, 1, 1 ½, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 52, 56, 60 NPS 1 ¼, 2 ½, 3 ½, 5 not used Pipe is supplied in o Random length (18 to 25 ft) o Double random length (38 to 48 ft)
PIPE SUPPLY Pipe End PE (Plain End) TE (Treaded End BE (Bevel End)
PIPING MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION API Line pipe grade designations come from API Spec 5L specification for line pipe has Grade designation A& B. Stronger grades have the designation X followed by the specific Minimum Yield Strength of the pipe steel measured in ksi (kilo pounds per square inch) For example API 5L X60 denotes, pipe having a minimum yield strength of 60ksi
PIPING MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION API API 5L Line Pipe Physical Properties API 5L GRADE YIELD STRENGTH MIN. (ksi) TENSILE STRENGTH MIN. (ksi) A 30 48 B 35 60 X42 42 60 X46 46 63 X52 52 66 X56 56 71 X60 60 75 X65 65 77 X70 70 82 X80 80 90
Tube Tube Specify by two of Outside diameter Inside diameter Wall thickness o Thousandths of inch o Gauge number American wire gauge Steel wire gauge. Etc..
Tube Thickness - Gauge
ASTM Spec Some of the commonly used American Spec & Product Form Specification Product form Application ASTM A53 Seamless/welded Ordinary use in gas, air, oil, water, steam ASTM A106 Seamless High-temperature service (steam, water, gas, etc.) ASTM A369 Forged and bored High-temperature service ASTM A335 Seamless High-temperature service ASTM A333 Seamless/welded Service requiring excellent fracture toughness ASTM A671 Electric fusion-welded Low-temperature service ASTM A672 Electric fusion-welded Moderate-temperature service ASTM A691 Electric fusion-welded High-temperature service ASTM A312 Seamless/welded Low- to high-temperature and corrosive service API 5L Seamless/welded Line pipe, refinery, and transmission service
PIPING SYSTEM Branch Pipe Branch connections may be made by welding the branch pipe or a welding outlet fitting to the run pipe Connections for branch pipes are made with pipe tees or stubins/ stub-ons. Reinforcement Pad: Material added in the vicinity of a branch opening to restore the mechanical integrity of the pipe.
PIPING SYSTEM - Branch Connection Stub In/ Stub on: Welded directly in the side of the main pipe run Cab be reinforced
PIPING SYSTEM - Branch Connection Stub In/ Stub on: Stub-in/ Stub-on can replace a reducing tee in joining branch pipes. A hole of the diameter of the stub-in pipe is drilled into the main pipe and the pipes are fitted together. The stub-in pipe and main pipe are then welded together. Advantage is that it avoids the cost of buying pipe fittings Save installation time because One weld is needed around the stub hole where as 3 joints are required in reducing tee
PIPING SYSTEM - Branch Connection Stub Outs: Capped and unused pipe branch connections or stubs on pipes are called stub outs. They are capped until a branch pipe is attached. The branch pipe can be inserted after the pipe cap is removed. Continued...
PIPING SYSTEM - Branch Connection Stub Outs: Continued...