2m ARDF behaviour. + Simulation with Radio Mobile.
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1 2m ARDF behaviour. + Simulation with Radio Mobile. Kurt, ON4CHE February 2008 Section SNW ON4CHE
2 Agenda. Reflections during 2m direction finding. Radio Mobile propagation simulation SW. Study cases: Reflections. Signal strength on hills. Tips and tricks in hilly area. Example: Region 3 ARDF Championships '99, Nonsan, Korea. Trainings area, Belgian ARDF-team going to Korea, Summary
3 Reflections during 2m direction finding. Two types of reflection: Local Reflections: The edge of tree lines or the perimeters of wooded areas. Man made objects like houses, cars, palisades, Waterfronts. Dunes. Geographical reflections: Dunes. Hills. Mountain borders.
4 Reflections during 2m direction Can be recognized: Wide signal angle. finding. If the signals coming from more than one direction. 4 el. Yagi is better than 3el. or HB9CV as the dip between 2 reflection is measurable. If the direction moves fast during running. Front/back ratio is small. The modulation is not clear due interference.
5 Radio Mobile. It s a tool used to predict the performance of a radio system. It uses digital terrain elevation data for automatic extraction of path profile between an emitter and a receiver. The elevation data is downloadable from the internet. Radio propagation model: ITS Irregular Terrain Model (Longley-Rice). Antenna heights Range.5 to 2999m. Frequency Range : 20MHz 20 GHz. Freeware by VE2DBE (
6 Study case: Reflections Simulation. 2m-Peilseminar 30. Mai 1.Juni 2008 im IBZ Schloss Gimborn
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8 Elevation data: Contour lines = 10m. OL-card area
9 Tx/Rx positions:
10 Simulation data: fmin = 144MHz fmax = 145MHz Polarization = Horizontal Mode of variability = Mobile Climate = Maritime temperate over land Rx : 1uV, omni antenna 4dBi, height = 1.5m, 0dB cable loss Tx : 1W, omni antenna 3dBi, height = 3m, 1db/m loss. Propagation mode: Use Two Rays for Line-Of-Sight (Interference).
11 Tx/Rx positions: Gray scale will be filled by signal strength colors.
12 Chance for reflection (white line) as two hills between transmitter and receiver.
13 Reflection is probably stronger than original signal: No sight of line for the direct signal (green). Sight of line for the reflected signal (white).
14 Area of reflections: Signal in the valley is coming from all directions.
15 Reflection (white line) possible, especially if the receiver is on the east side of the hill.
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17 Radio Mobile : : Signal strength on hills.
18 Radio Mobile : : Signal strength on hills. The hell for a 2m radio orienteering runner: 5m
19 Radio Mobile : : Signal strength on hills. Fox hunter is going from Rx1 towards Tx. Rx1 h = 353m Rx2 h = 348m Rx3 h = 322m Rx4 h = 293m Rx5 h = 291m Rx6 h = 309m Rx7 h = 341,1m Rx8 h = 360m Rx9 h = 361m Tx h = 343m
20 Tx Rx1 Contrary to, he is coming closer and higher (h=18m off-road can be very hard), the signal decreases from point Rx5 to point Rx6. h 1 = 353m R x level = -62.9dBm h 2 = 348m R x level = -60,4dBm h 3 = 322m R x level = -64,2dBm h 4 = 293m R x level = -70,5dBm h 5 = 291m R x level = -72,0dBm h 6 = 309m R x level = -72,6dBm h 7 = 341m R x level = -65,0dBm h 8 = 360m R x level = -54,8dBm h 9 = 361m R x level = -39,6dBm T x = 343m
21 Signal strength vs. height. h 9 h 8 Going into the direction of the transmitter. h 1 h 2 h 7 h 3 Rx h 1 = 353m h 2 = 348m h 3 = 322m R x level = -62.9dBm R x level = -60,4dBm R x level = -64,2dBm h 6 h 4 = 293m h 5 = 291m R x level = -70,5dBm R x level = -72,0dBm h 6 = 309m R x level = -72,6dBm h 5 h 4 h 7 = 341,1m R x level = -65,0dBm h 8 = 360m R x level = -54,8dBm h 9 = 361m R x level = -39,6dBm T x = 343m
22 Tips and tricks in hilly area. Local Reflections: Antenna with small opening angle e.g. 4 element Yagi. Geographical Reflections: Always stay higher than the transmitter. Try to stay on the top of the hill (no reflections in your back). Shoot with your antenna in the valley, if the signal is weaker, the transmitter is in the next valley. Signal is weaker starting the ascend of the hill in case the transmitter is at the other side. The signal coming from all directions, means: you are lower than the transmitter. Right track can avoid reflection areas.
23 IARU Region 3 ARDF Championships '99, Nonsan,, Korea
24 IARU Region 3 ARDF Championships '99, Nonsan,, Korea
25 Nonsan 2m Competition area: Konyang University ,74 N ,97 E
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32 Summary. Radio Mobile Free software. User friendly. Elevation and map information are downloadable from the internet. Simulation with Radio Mobile Useful for ARDF trainings: May give indication of reflections directions. May show reflection areas. Is suitable to do area investigation.
33 Kategorie: VET Platz al. al. al. al. al. al. al. al. - Name, Vorname Nestorov, Anguel Lange, Fritz Brajovic, Branislav Tuttman n, Josef Uebel, Dieter Christen sen, Arne Maurerle hner, Florian Deblier, Henri Bozinovi c, Milan Nordwae ger, Pa Cserhari, Jozsef Dapkus, Algimant as Votinov, Volodym yr Kirgueto v, Vladimir Holthe, Ole Koudelk a, Karel Razumo v, Valeriy Kuselj, Janez Zetterval l, Leif Farkas, Imre Gruenbic hler, Werner Veth, Nicolaas Babic, Veselin DOK Call Laufzeit Fox StNo BUL LZ1AG 101: D DF9ZY 111: YUG YU6RB 116: D DL8YBL 128: D - 132: NOR LA5OBA 80: AUT OE2MCL 124: BEL ON7HD 107: HRV 9A3AT 124: S SM0BGU 130: HNG HA7PX 137: LTU - 115: UKR - 140: RUS - 142: NOR 2m aan het werk. LA3QG 144: CZE OK1MAO 174: UKR - 176: SVN S59D 178: S SM5EZM 184: HNG HA8UC 222: AUT OE6GW G 152: HOL PA0NHC 161: YUG YU6A th ARDF World Championship 1997
34 8th ARDF World Championship 1997
35 8th ARDF World Championship 1997
36 8th ARDF World Championship 1997
37 8th ARDF World Championship 1997
38 8th ARDF World Championship 1997
39 8th ARDF World Championship 1997
40 8th ARDF World Championship km simulation radius
PART 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.1144 GUIDE TO THE APPLICATION OF THE PROPAGATION METHODS OF RADIOCOMMUNICATION STUDY GROUP 3
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