Design and realization of a three-phase voltage inverter Using Pulse Width Modulation control circuit

Transcription

1 International Conference on Automatic control, Telecommunications and Signals (ICATS5) University BADJI Mokhtar - Annaba - Algeria - November 6-8, 5 Design and realization of a three-phase voltage inverter Using Pulse Width Modulation control circuit S. Khattab, Z. Bouzid, A. Redjati, H. Bouzeria 3, I. Abadlia, N.E. Dabbache, T. Bahi Electronic department, LASA Laboratory, Badji Mokhtar University, BP, 3 Annaba, Algeria Electrical department, LASA Laboratory, Badji Mokhtar University, BP, 3 Annaba, Algeria 3 Electrotechnic department, LEB Laboratory, Hadj Lakhdar University, 5 Batna, Algeria Khattab-sara@outlook..com, zakariabouzid@gmail.com, redjati@yahoo.fr, bhamza3@gmail.com, i_abadlia@yahoo.fr,ndebbache@yahoo.fr, tbahi@hotmail.fr Abstract This paper presents the study, realization of power converter with different topologies and configurations to test a two level inverter realized. Also, this work is selected to study of the modulation techniques, specially the Pulse Width Modulation switching algorithms, namely the sine-triangle PWM is considered in this application. The work presents the fundamental methods as well as reviews some research. The methods are divided into the traditional voltage source methods easily lend themselves to Analogical/Digital and Digital/Analogical conversion signals via interface carte of Arduino mega 56 or the programmable logic device implementation. Although, we discuses numerous regulation parameters of the proposed PWM method. This operation can be important in the improvement of power quality which requires voltage sources and knowledge of the output signal shape. Keywords Power conversion, Inverter, Pulse Width Modulation, Arduino Mega 56. I. INTRODUCTION Numerous industrial applications have begun to require variable frequency and amplitude power apparatus in recent years. Some medium voltage utility applications require medium voltage and kilowatts power level. For a medium voltage grid, it is troublesome to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly []. As a result, a power converter structures has been introduced as an alternative in variable power and medium voltage situations. Subsequently, several converter topologies have been developed. A DC-AC converter not only achieves variable power ratings, but also enables the use of renewable energy sources [, 3]. The power electronic equipment s have made it possible to consider new technologies for semi-conductors applications in height power and height frequency such as insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT), Gate Time Overt (GTO) and others components. Also, with the developments of PWM control algorithms, a many advance in power converters implementation is observed, spatially DC-AC converters [4]. To satisfy an efficient and economic functioning of power converter, all of them are gradually created prototypes and will be introduced one by one in the following sections of this paper. In this work, a three-phase two-level DC-AC is studied and realized. A Sine-Triangle PWM control ST-PWM is considered. The system is tested at many conditions. The paper is devised into two big parts: in the first part, an overview of power inverters topologies and control algorithms of DC-AC converters is exposed. This part prepared an analysis of different power converters with a DC-AC conversion mode fueled. The definition, description and modeling are presented. As well proposed control algorithms of inverter are mentioned and the principal of ST-PWM is cited to object using experimentally. And, in the second part, different implementation demarches of MPC are descried and three-phase two level DC-AC converters controlled by Sine-Triangle PWM control is tested. In this part, the different circuits realized. A study of theory in Proteus software is exaggerated and a real implementation of different carts is affected. The important one devises carts is the power circuit is composed to dabble stage, each stage contains six IGBT, realize a two level converter. Others cart for feeding, protection, observation, and an Arduino Mega 56 card to control the mean function circuits. Also, in this fraction, obtain results by using MatLab/Simulink validate experimentally at different control algorithm parameters are discussed.

2 International Conference on Automatic control, Telecommunications and Signals (ICATS5) University BADJI Mokhtar - Annaba - Algeria - November 6-8, 5 With more description, the paper is organized as: Introduction at first flowed by three big sections. In section II, a theory study of different power converters and proposed control algorithms of DC-AC converters. Section III compacts with implementation of proposed MPC via Arduino Mega 56. Tests of two-level converter with discuss results in section IV and conclusion at the last. II. OVERVIEW OF POWER CONVERTERS TOPOLOGIES AND DC-AC INVERTER CONTROL ALGORITHMS A. Power conversion systems Power conversions systems have been attracting in favour of academia as well as industry in the recent decade for variablepower control. Power is presented on DC or AC sources then loads. To realise the source/load combinations in reason to feed many applications as alternative and continuous machines. Practically, four possibilities to power conversions are proposed in use [3, 5] among which, the continuousalternative conversion is considered in this work. The DC/AC power conversion is the important. It possible to accurate a variable source in frequency and amplitude based on DC signal in input. In addition, they can synthesize switched waveforms with lower levels of harmonic distortion than an equivalently rated DC-AC converter. The twolevel concept is used to decrease the harmonic distortion in the output waveform without decreasing the inverter power output. Tree phase two-level voltage inverter generates an output voltage with two values (levels) with respect to the negative terminal of the capacitor. Figure shows the block diagram of three phases two level voltage inverter where the load in Y connection with n is the neutral point. The three-phase inverter is placed between a source of three-phase voltage perfect, so constant voltage and load balanced. The three-phase currents traveled by i a, i b, i c forming a system phase balanced sinusoidal. Where, the equations corresponding are defined by: v i v v i With : i a, b, c Uc U c if if S : Closed i S : Opend i () V V V () an bn cn So, we can write the matrix form: v v v an bn cn V 3 dc S S S a b c B. DC-AC converter control methods (3) The main aim of the modulation strategy of DC-AC inverters is to synthesize the output voltage as close as possible to the sinusoidal waveform. Many modulation techniques have been developed for harmonic reduction and switching loss minimization. The modulation methods used in DC-AC inverters can be classified according to switching frequency, as shown in Figure. [5]. Inverter Control Fundamental switching frequency High switching frequency PWM Space Vector Control Selective Harmonic Elimination Space Vector PWM Sinusoidal PWM Fig. DC-AC inverter control algorithms Fig. Three phase two levels inverter voltage scheme Methods that work with high switching frequencies have many commutations for the power semiconductors in one period of the fundamental output voltage. A very popular method in industrial applications is the classic carrier-based Sine-Triangle PWM (ST-PWM)

3 International Conference on Automatic control, Telecommunications and Signals (ICATS5) University BADJI Mokhtar - Annaba - Algeria - November 6-8, 5 that uses to reduce the harmonics in the load voltage. Another interesting alternative is the other modulation technique strategy, which has been used in two-level inverters. Method that works with low switching frequencies generally performs fewer commutations of the power semiconductors during one cycle of the output voltages, generating a staircase waveform. C. Sine-Triangle PWM control technique The general principle of ST-PWM control, is that the switches of inverter are controlled based on comparison between a sinusoidal control signal (V ref) and a triangular carrier signal (V p). The V ref present the image of desired output signal [6, 9]. The operation mode of the sine-triangle control algorithm of the DC-AD voltage inverter defined by: If V ref V p: upper switch of the phase legs is On ; If V ref < V p: lower switch the phase legs is Off ; Two parameters characterize the ST-PWM control: The ratio between the frequencies of the triangular wave ( p) and the reference (sinusoidal) wave ( r) is referred to as the modulation frequency ratio (m). f p m (4) fr And, the ratio of the amplitude of the sinusoidal wave form reactive to the amplitude of the tringle wave is the amplitude modulation ratio (r). V ref r (5) Vp Where: f r frequency of the reference, fp is that of the carrier, V ref the modulating sinusoid and V p the triangular signal carrier. III. IMPLEMENTATION OF REALIZED POWER CONVERTER VIA ARDUINO MEGA 56 The implementation of multi power converter flow many steps. At first, different carts are studies via Proteus interface [, ]. After that, the circuits are assembled in MPC platform is illustrates, with diverse faces, by figure 3. Finally, a test under fewer frequencies and voltages achieved. In figure 3 (a) the complete platform of MPC is illustrated. Five principal MPC carts are proving by figure 3 (b) as following: Power circuit with dabble stage each one including six IGBT found a two level DC-AC converter. Feeding circuit composed to /5V transformer, an AC-DC converter, Capacitor filter (C=F) and two voltage regulators (5V and V). Surveillance cart with twelve () led s used to controlling on/off Gates IGBT s operation. Interface with opto-couplers to accurate galvanic isolation between control and power circuit. Aeration cart composed on two ventilators. An Arduino Mega 56 [] card used to controlling the mean function circuits and easily lend them to Analogical/Digital and Digital/Analogical conversion signals. Others circuits are assembled for security and accessories to present a best design. Arduino advantages are: Cheap Clear and simple programming environmet. Multiplatform: runs on Windows, Macintos h and Linux. Many libraries available with various functi ons that are implemented. Hardware and software open source and extensible. Many tips, tutorials and examples online (fo rums, website etc...) Existence of "shield" (shields in french) In this work the arduino card generate the numerical signal of PWM technic with Matlab. A direct face of MPC ended in figure 5 (c) with burns up permitted to realize a three level and other converters. Also, figure 5 (d) shows the troop s affected in MPC to reason truthful the aeration of the intern MPC platform. (a) 3

4 International Conference on Automatic control, Telecommunications and Signals (ICATS5) University BADJI Mokhtar - Annaba - Algeria - November 6-8, 5 (b) (a) (c) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 4 Surveillance cart and output signals Fig. 3 Faces of realized platform IV. TESTING OF TWO LEVEL DC-AC CONVERTER CONTROLLED BY S-T PWM METHOD Firstly, two-level DC-AC converter controlled by sine-triangle PWM method tested in fewer frequencies and voltage. Figure 4a indicate the signal switching Gates IGBT s and figure 4a,b illustrate respectively the input (5V) and output (V) interface carte at conditions of r=.8, m=6. At second, three simulation tests are affected in MatLab/Simulink and validated experimentally using MPC platform for r=.8 and different m (m=6, m=9 and m=5). Obtain results are shown in figure 5 (a, b and c). Figure 5 (a) show the obtain results by MatLab/Simulink validate by experimental results under MPC platform of two-level DC- AC voltage converter controlled by Sine- Triangle PWM method for r=.8 and m=6. The MatLab results present at the principal of Sine-Triangle PWM method as superior and inferior bridge inverter then experimental results, with V AN and V AB respectively. The same signals in Figure 5 (b and c) but, in (b) m=9 and in (b) m=5. It is shown that with the augmentation of m, simple voltage V AN signal form gained more embark on to sinusoid appearance. 4

5 International Conference on Automatic control, Telecommunications and Signals (ICATS5) University BADJI Mokhtar - Annaba - Algeria - November 6-8, 5 (a) m = 6 et r =.8 (c) m = 5 et r = Temps (s) TTime (s) - (b) m = 6 et r =.8 Fig. 5 Simulation and experimental of two level inverter ( r=.8 for m=6 (Fig.5a), m=9 (Fig.5b) and m=5(fig.5c) Temps (s) IV. CONCLUSION In this paper, an implementation of platform of power converter is realised. Also, a test of three-phase two-level DC-AC converter controlled by Sine-Triangle PWM method is achieved and a discussion of some obtains results by MatLab/Simulink validated experimentally under MPC platform. The model simulated in different modulation index with fixe modulation rate of proposed control algorithm of the two-level inverter. The principal of the proposed control method is validating experimentally as of the simple and the composed output voltages. References [] 4//3/global_sales_report_3/semico nductor_industry_posts_record_sales_in_ 3. [] N. J. Baker and M. A. Mueller, Direct Drive Wave Energy Converters, Rev. Energ. Ren Power Engineering (), - 7,. [3] L. Parsa, On advantages of multi-phase machines, in Proc. of Annual 5

6 International Conference on Automatic control, Telecommunications and Signals (ICATS5) University BADJI Mokhtar - Annaba - Algeria - November 6-8, 5 Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), pp , 5. [4] N. Mohan, T.M. Undeland, and W.P. Robbins, Power Electronics, Converters, Applications and Design. New York: John Wiley, 3. [5] F. Blaabjerg, U. Jaeger, and M. Nielsen, Power Losses in PWM-VSI Inverter Using NPT or PT IGBT Devices, IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,, vol., no. 3, pp , May 995. [6] Jamal A. Mohammed, Pulse Width Modulation for DC Motor Control Based on LM34, Eng. &Tech. Journal, Vol. 3,Part (A), No., 3 [7] Ian F. Crowley, Ho Fong Leund, PWM Techniques: A Pure Sine Wave Inverter, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Major Qualifying Project, - [8] T. Brückner, The active NPC Converter for Medium Voltage Drives, Aachen: Verlag Shaker, 6. [9] P. C. Sen, Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics, nd Edition. John Wiley, 997. [] S. Khattab, Design and implementation of a platform of a two-level inverter control technology pwm sine-triangle, Master, electronic department, Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, 5. [] Z. Bouzid, Study of control pulse width modulation inverters of two and three levels, Master, electrical department, Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, 5. [] E. Bartmann, Arduino, 6