Military Applications for Wireless Sensor Networks

Transcription

1 Military Applications for Wireless Sensor Networks Presented by: Joshua Henderson Cory Engel 1 Agenda Landmine Detection Self-Healing Minefields Bullet Detection Localization 2 1

2 Typical Military WSN Challenges[Lee 09] Rapid Deployment Low Probability of Detection Self-Organization Self-Healing Time Sensitive Information Energy Efficiency 3 Landmine Detection Challenges[Badine 12] WSN must be deployable without endangering human life The WSN must be highly accurate at locating positions of mines with a very low error rate 4 2

3 Landmine Detection[Saurabh 11] Cluster Topology 5 Self-Healing Minefields Motivation[Merrill 04] Mines can reshape formation to trap enemy vehicles Avoid civilian or friendly casualties Allows easy deactivation and possible recovery of mines Mines can create a safe path for friendly vehicles to cross through safely 6 3

4 SHM Challenges Low power consumption to extend lifetime of the minefield Network must adapt to mines shifting positions Self-healing to recover from a landmine detonating or being destroyed Must coordinate and reshape the minefield autonomously after losing a mine Low probability of detection 7 SHM Hardware[Merrill 04] Hitachi SH Processor running Linux 8 Miniature Rocket Engines Two 2.4-GHz ISM band frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) radio modems (Cirronet WIT2410). Three-axis magnetometer and accelerometers. 8 4

5 SHM Implementation[Merril 04] Multilateration was used for localization 85% of measurements within 1m of ground truth Determined relative positions of up to 100 neighbors in about 15 minutes Runs for about 8 hours 9 Projectile Detection 10 5

6 Bullet Detection Why do we need? Primarily used in: Law enforcement Security Military Environments: Static Permanently mounted, mapped environments Dynamic On the move (SWAT, Military, etc.) 11 Background Since World War I sound Gunfire characteristics: optical flash muzzle flash sound waves (Acoustic) muzzle blast crack sound while traveling 12 6

7 Design Challenges Localization Firing Position Speed Direction Range Other considerations: Size Cost Power 13 Known issues Acoustic Slower speeds Silencers Muzzle blast and flash supressor Discriminating gunfire Optical Line-of-sight required Silencers Processing power 14 7

8 Shooter Localization [George 2011] Problem: Low efficiency of reliable target information Solution: Small WSN using soldiers as nodes to obtain multiple references to feed to a central node with GPS locations for processing. Figure 1 Figure 2 15 Results [George 2011] Sensors have microphones Measure the Angle of Arrival for each gunfire event After detecting gunfire: Reports individual sensor solution GPS location Figure 3 Figure

9 Current Research Army Research Labs (ARL) Magnetic fields 17 Current Research Cont. Power consumption Batteries only last 2 weeks Signal processing FPGA (Spartan 6) Antenna Frequency independent Receive under 10 khz (VLF) Sensitivity 18 9

10 References [1]Sang Hyuk Lee; Soobin Lee; Heecheol Song; Hwang-Soo Lee, "Wireless sensor network design for tactical military applications : Remote large-scale environments," Military Communications Conference, MILCOM IEEE, vol., no., pp.1,7, Oct [2] Saurabh, A.; Naik, A., "Wireless sensor network based adaptive landmine detection algorithm," Electronics Computer Technology (ICECT), rd International Conference on, vol.1, no., pp.220,224, 8-10 April 2011 doi: /ICECTECH [3] Badine, Mariane; Mougharbel, Imad, "Considerations for implementing a wireless network for landmine detection," Sciences of Electronics, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications (SETIT), th International Conference on, vol., no., pp.624,627, March 2012 [4] Merrill, W.M.; Cirod, L.; Schiffer, B.; Mclntire, D.; Rava, G.; Sohrabi, K.; Newberg, F.; Elson, J.; Kaiser, W., "Dynamic networking and smart sensing enable next-generation landmines," Pervasive Computing, IEEE, vol.3, no.4, pp.84,90, Oct.-Dec References (cont.) Gunfire Detection. Available: George, Jemin, Kaplan, Lance M. (2011, July 5-8). Shooter Localization using Soldier-Worn Gunfire Detection Systems. Available: ber= Rhoades, Benjamin, Noras, Maciej. A Novel Electric-field Sensor for Projectile Detection, Unpublished. Noras, Maciej, Rhoades, Benjamin, Engel, Cory. A Novel Sensor for Projectile Detection Year 2, Quarterly report no. 1, Unpublished