International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 3 Issue 4, April 2014

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1 An Advanced Power Management Using GSM Module B.S.Sathish 1 Dr.P.Thirusakthimurugan 2 R.Narmadha 3 Sathyabama University Pondicherry Engineering College Maamallan Institute of Technology Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Pondicherry,India Sriperumpudur, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu, India Abstract The communication will consist of data transfer in which we are using GSM module for making it as wireless communication. GSM is used in this project for making better and longer distance communications. In this project we are using P89C51RD2 embedded microcontroller for implementing this technique in home or industries. The appliances like fridge, bulb, fan, television etc., are connected to the microcontroller through the relay. We can switch ON and OFF the appliances by using switches whenever we need. The power consumed by the appliances is measured. The consumption of power by the appliances is measured by the sensing unit. The power used is calculated with the help of current transformer. The current transformer, which gives the current consumed by the appliances and then the current, is converted into voltage by the current to voltage converter. The step down transformer will help the voltage to convert into 5V. The consumption of power is finding out by the program loaded in embedded controller. In order to save the power we are proposing two types of wiring i.e. normal wiring and restricted wiring. Under normal mode we can use maximum power and under restricted mode the restricted power is activated in order to manage the power across the Area. Under restricted period we can use only limited house appliances when the usage of power is beyond the limited power automatically the buzzer will give an alarm to alert the consumers in order to switch off the unused appliances within a limited period of time. If the consumer fails to switch off the unused appliances within a period, automatically the power will shutdown in the consumer house. Index Terms GSM Module, Microcontroller, Current Transformer, Voltage Transformer, Liquid Crystal Display. I. INTRODUCTION The communication will consist of data transfer in which we are using GSM module for making it as wireless communication. GSM is used in this project for making better and longer distance communications. In this project we are using this P89C51RD2 embedded microcontroller mainly for implementing this technique in home or industries. The P89C51RD2 embedded microcontroller is a derivative of 8051 microcontroller whose architecture and instructions are same as 8051 micro controller with some additional functionality. Microcontroller is also called as embedded controller since it has inbuilt peripherals in it. The appliances like fridge, bulb, fan, television etc., are connected to the microcontroller through the relay. We can switch on and off the appliances by using switches whenever we need. The power consumed by the appliances is measured. The consumption of power by the appliances is measured by the sensing unit. The power used is calculated with the help of current transformer. The current transformer, which gives the current consumed by the appliances and then the current is converted into voltage by the V to I converter. The step down transformer will help the voltage to convert into 5V. The consumption of power is finding out by the program loaded in embedded controller. In order to save the power we are proposing two types of wiring i.e. normal wiring and restricted wiring. Under normal mode we can use maximum power and under restricted mode the restricted power is activated in order to manage the power across the Area. Under restricted period we can use only limited house appliances when the usage of power is beyond the limited power automatically the buzzer will give an alarm to alert the consumers in order to switch off the unused appliances within a limited period of time. If the consumer fails to switch off the unused appliances within a period, automatically the power will shutdown in the consumer house. This information will be sending to GSM module and then GSM module is interfaced with microcontroller. Therefore power used will be send from GSM module to EB officer mobile through message. Co-ordinator periodically receives the consumed power of the appliances and displays it on LCD. This is the technique in which we can control the consumption of power. Objective of the project is that the wireless sensor network will differentiate and control the devices in the network on the basis of power consumed by them to make the efficient use of power. II. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY A. Automatic Standby Power Cut-off outlet As we said in the introduction, several technical researches were done for reducing standby mode power for home devices. Although home devices consume a very small amount of power in the standby mode, it is more efficient to completely cut off the electric power supply to those home devices. A cut-off outlet can contribute to the reduction of home energy cost by automatic standby power. Fig. 1 shows the architecture of the automatic standby power cut-off outlet and the state transition diagram of it [15], [16]. The microcontroller is supplied with electrical power through the 1101

AC/DC circuit and includes GSM Radio Frequency (RF) module to communicate with GSM mobile user. GSM is a low-power and low-cost wireless personal area network standard (WPAN) based on IEEE 802.15.

The microcontroller digitizes the voltage and calculates the consumed power. The power outlet has four kinds of state: boot, on, normal, and off. After booing, the power outlet goes to the on state.

2 AC/DC circuit and includes GSM Radio Frequency (RF) module to communicate with GSM mobile user. GSM is a low-power and low-cost wireless personal area network standard (WPAN) based on IEEE to configure wireless sensor networks [17]. The monitoring circuit measures the power consumption and converts it into voltage. The microcontroller digitizes the voltage and calculates the consumed power. The power outlet has four kinds of state: boot, on, normal, and off. After booing, the power outlet goes to the on state. After the guard time elapses, the normal mode starts and the microcontroller monitors the consumed power. When the measured power is below the threshold value for the predetermined time, the microcontroller decides the connected home device is in the standby power mode and turns off the relay to cut off the power supply to the connected home device. It goes to the off state. When it receives a wake-up command from the GSM controller, it goes to the state. This transition repeats continuously. III. PROPOSED SYSTEM FOR POWER MANAGEMENT USING GSM Fig:1 shows the block diagram of the proposed PMUG. In every home there are power meters for reading the usage of power. Now-a-days power production is less and usage is more because of this we are proposing this system known as Power management using GSM module. This setup is connected near the power meter and connected to power supply through meter. In this system we are arranging two lines 1.Restricted line 2.Normal line. Recording usage of power we will set power limit range (like 100wts or 200wts) this will come under the restricted line. In normal line there is no restrictions for usage of power. now we are using transmitter as GSM module and the receiver as GSM mobile. The proposed implementation of the project is shown in the block diagram. The communication will consist of data transfer, controlling node operations. We are using GSM for the wireless communication. The main advantage of using GSM is that the device require very less amount of power so it can be operated from battery. The embedded controller used here is P89C51RD2 micro controller. The P89C51RD2 micro controller is a derivative of 8051 micro controller whose architecture and instructions are same as 8051 micro controller with some additional functionality. Since the micro controller has inbuilt peripherals it is called as embedded controller. The appliances like fridge, bulb, fan etc., are connected to the embedded microcontroller through the relay. We can switch on and off the appliances by using switches. Each node is measuring the power, which is being consumed by the appliance. The appliance is controlled by the end device i.e. node. The power is calculated with the help of current transformer. The CT, which gives the current consumed by the appliances. Then the current is converted into voltage by the V to I converter. The consumption of power is finding out by the program loaded in embedded controller. in order to power saving we propose two type of house wiring i.e. normal wiring and restricted wiring. Under normal mode no restricted we can use our maximum power under restricted period the restricted power is activated in order to manage the power across the Area. Under restricted period only we can use limited house appliance when the usage power is beyond the limited power automatically the alarm to alert the consumers in order to switch off the unused appliances with in ten minutes. If consumer to failure switches off unused appliance with in a period, automatically whole power went off. In this power information will be send GSM module.gsm module is interfaced with microcontroller. The power value will be send from GSM module to periodically receives the consumed power to the appliance and transferred to EB Office mobile. Fig. 1. Block Diagram When power usage crosses limit automatically it will change into restriction mode and the power will get shutdown and the microcontroller will send a SMS through GSM module to electricity board office. In this we are using GSM module because GSM can send from one place to any place throughout the world. Earlier it is done by using ZigBee module which can be used only up to 30 meters range only. So Fig. 2. GSM Module IV. GSM TECHNOLOGY GSM is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM differs from first generation wireless systems in that it uses digital technology and time division multiple access transmission 1102

methods. GSM is a circuit-switched system that divides each 200kHz channel into eight 25kHz time-slots. GSM operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9GHz PCS band in the US.

Another major benefit is its international roaming capability, allowing users to access the same services when traveling abroad as at home.

3 methods. GSM is a circuit-switched system that divides each 200kHz channel into eight 25kHz time-slots. GSM operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9GHz PCS band in the US. GSM allowing the transmission of basic data services such as SMS (Short Message Service). Another major benefit is its international roaming capability, allowing users to access the same services when traveling abroad as at home. This gives consumers seamless and same number connectivity in more than 200 countries. GSM satellite roaming has also extended service access to areas where terrestrial coverage is not available. A. GSM Specifications a. Frequency 900 MHz or 1800 MHz (Some countries in the Americas including Canada and the United States use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands, 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some countries, notably Scandinavia) type of power supply. In these power supplies, electrical isolation can only be provided by bulky line frequency transformers. The ac source can be rectified with a bridge rectifier to get an uncontrolled dc, and then a dc-to-dc converter can be used to get a controlled dc output. The output voltage is regulated by dropping the extra input voltage across a series transistor (therefore, also referred to as a series regulator). They have very small output ripple, theoretically zero noise, large hold-up time (typically 1 2 ms), and fast response. The action of a transformer is such that a timevarying (AC) voltage or current is transformed to a higher or lower value, as set by the transformer turns ratio. b. Channel separation - The separation between adjacent carrier frequencies. In GSM, this is 200 khz. c. Modulation - Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK). Transmission rate kbps. (A total of bits is transmitted in milliseconds, giving a gross bit rate of kbps) d. Access method - Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) concept e. Speech coder Linear predictive coding (LPC). f. Speech is encoded at 13 kbps V. POWER SUPPLY Power Supply is the device that transfers electric power from a source to a load using electronic circuits. Power supplies are used in many industrial and aerospace applications and also in consumer products. Some of the requirements of power supplies are small size, lightweight, low cost, and high power conversion efficiency. In addition to these, some power supplies require the following: electrical isolation between the source and load, low harmonic distortion for the input and output waveforms, and high power factor (PF) if the source is ac voltage. Some special power supplies require controlled direction of power flow. Typical application of power supplies is to convert utility's AC input power to a regulated voltage(s) required for electronic equipment. Depending on the mode of operation of power semiconductors power supply can be linear or switching. A. Linear Power Supply A linear power supply is the oldest and simplest Fig. 3. Block Diagram for Linear Power Supply The transformer does not add power, so it follows that the power (V I) on either side must be constant. That is the reason that the winding with more turns has higher voltage but lower current, while the winding with less turns has lower voltage but higher current. The step down transformer converts the AC input with the higher level to some lower level. A bridge rectifier converts the AC voltage into DC voltage. A four-transistor converter (Bridge Rectifier) that can generate the highest output power than other types of rectifiers. The filter circuit resists the unwanted AC signals. The regulator down-convert a DC voltage to a lower DC voltage of the same polarity. Fig. 4. Circuit Diagram For Linear 5v Power Supply The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies can be reused within a geographic area. In the early 1980s, most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than digital, like today s newer systems. One challenge facing in a cost-efficient manner. As a result, digital systems over analog systems include ease of 1103

4 signaling, lower levels of interface, integration of demands. Throughout the evolution of cellular telecommunications, various systems have been developed without the benefit of standardized specifications. VI. IMPLEMENTATION METHODOLOGY AND WORKING MODULE This technique is to implement a method that can control the over consumption of power. This project is implemented by using embedded microcontroller which is used to control the total circuit and a LCD display is used to display the power used in watts, voltage in volts and current in amps to give information to user to know the power used. GSM Module is used to give the information to EB officer when the user uses over voltage of power. In this we are using the following components Voltage transformer, Current transformer, Signal condition circuit, Isolation circuit, ADC, UART and a power supply. ADC will read the serial clock and serial data and it contains peripherals acts like master-slave. It is used to convert the analog into digital form to make the microcontroller understandable. UART is used in microcontroller to transmit and receive the information from the LCD display as used by the user. Current transformer is used to calculate the power used and sends the information to microcontroller through signal condition circuit and isolation circuit. It calculates the power to be understandable by user. Voltage transformer is used to calculate the voltage which is send to microcontroller by the sensing unit. Signal condition circuit helps in reading voltage used. A potentiometer is used for varying LCD brightness. VII.PERFORMANCE RESULTS When the kit is on, LCD will display the current and power used according to the usage. The following procedure is shown below. a. If bulb1 is on, then the current used will be approximately 1.5A and power used is approximately 40W. b. If bulb2 is on, then the current used will be approximately 2.3A and power used is approximately 60W. c. If bulb3 is on, then the current used will be approximately 4A and power used is approximately 100W. d. If bulb4 is on, then the current used will be approximately 5.6A and power used is approximately 140W. e. In this we are calling bulb1(b1),bulb2(b2),bulb3(b3,) and bulb4(b4) Table 1. Input Current (Amps) Bulb Power (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Table 2. Input Time (mins) Power (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Bulb Fig. 5. Working Module Fig. 6. Current vs Power 1104

[4] Young-Sung Son and Kyeong-Deok Moon, "Home Energy Management System Based on Power Line Communication," Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), 2010.

5 [4] Young-Sung Son and Kyeong-Deok Moon, "Home Energy Management System Based on Power Line Communication," Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), [5] Rajesh V.Sakhare, B.T.Deshmukh, Wireless Effective Energy Management by Using Zigbee, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)Vol. 1 Issue 7, September [6] Shizhuang Lin, Jingyu Liu, Yanjun Fang. ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Applications in Industrial,IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics, 2007.pp: Fig. 7. Time vs Power VIII. CONCLUSION We can operate this project in any home or industry to EB office by using GSM module. The advantage of this project is to reduce the wastage of power. a. Our project will identify when the user crosses the limited power usage, then microcontroller will sends a message to the EB office using GSM module. b. The result of this proposed work is very promising. c. This project will be very useful in day to day life. In addition to identifying high usage of power, the EB officer can send a message to the user home or industry either off or on to control the power. IX. REFERENCES [1] P. A. V. Loss, M. M. Lamego, G. C. D. Sousa and J. L.F. Vieira, A single phase Microcontroller based Energy Meter, IEEE rinstrumentation & Measurement Technology conference, May 18-21, [2] Jinsoo Han, Haeryong Lee, and Kwang-Roh Park, Remote-Controllable and Energy-Saving Room Architecture Based on ZigBee Communication, IEEE Trans on Consumer Electronics, vol.55, no.1, pp , Feb [3] Kwang-Soon Choi, Yang-Keun Ahn, Young-Choong Park, Woo-Chool Park, Hae-Moon Seo, and Kwang-Mo Jung, Architectural Design of Home Energy Saving System Based on Realtime Energy-Awareness, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Technologies & Applications (ICUT), [7] Jui-Yu Cheng and Min-Hsiung Hung, Jen-Wei Chang, A ZigBee-Based Power Monitoring System with Direct Load Control Capabilities, 2007 IEEE International Conference on TuesE04 Networking, Sensing and Control, London, UK,15-17 April [8] Niu Dou, Yang Mei, Zhao Yanjuan, Zhang Yan. The networking technology within Smart Home system -- ZigBeeTechnology, 2009 International Forum on Computer Science-Technology and Applications, 2009 IEEE [9] A. Vetro, H. Sun, P. DaGraca, and T. Poon, Minimum drift architectures for three-layer scalable DTV decoding, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., vol. 44, no. 3, pp , Aug A. N. Netravali and B. G. Haskell, Digital Pictures, 2nd ed., Plenum Press: New York, 1995, pp [10] H. Sun, W. Kwok, and J. Zdepski, Architectures for MPEG compressed bitstream scaling, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 6, no. 2, pp , Apr [11] R. Nicole, Title of paper with only first word capitalized, accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Broadcast Technology. [12] C. J. Kaufman, Rocky Mountain Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, personal communication n, [13] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, Electron spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface, IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Jpn., vol. 2, pp , August 1987 [Dig. 9th Annual Conf. Magn. Jpn., p. 301, 1982]. 1105

B.S.Sathish 1, Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and control Engineering, Faculty

Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College,Pondicheery,India R.

6 B.S.Sathish 1, Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai , Tamilnadu, India. Dr.P.Thirusakthimurugan 2,Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College,Pondicheery,India R.Narmadha 3, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Maamallan Institute of Technology, Maamallan Nagar, Vadamangalam, Sriperumpudur, Kancheepuram , Tamilnadu, India. 1106

XBee based Remote-Controllable and Energy-Saving Room Architecture

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