Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture. A Novel Multi-Mode quadrature Oscillator with Simple Structure and High Oscillation Frequency Using CCII

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1 Journal of Appled Scence and Agrculture, 9(3) March 4, Pages: AENSI Journals Journal of Appled Scence and Agrculture ISSN 86-9 Journal home page: A Novel Mult-Mode uadrature Oscllator wth Smple Structure and Hgh Oscllaton Freuenc Usng CCII Saed Mohsen Saed Moosav and Nma Ahmadpoor, Department of electrcal Engneerng, Mahshahr Branch, Islamc Aad unverst, Mahshahr, Iran. A R T I C L E I N F O Artcle hstor: Receved 7 Januar 3 Receved n revsed form Februar 4 Accepted 3 Februar 4 Avalable onlne 8 March 4 Ke words: current conveor, low voltage, ral to ral, mult-mode, oscllaton freuenc, THD A B S T R A C T Background:The oscllators s one of the most buldng block of man analog sgnal processng, communcaton and nstrumentaton sstems that can provde dual voltage and current snusodal outputs for essental parts such as phase locked loops, clocks and sensors. The smple structure, hgh freuenc oscllaton, low power and low voltage feature and ablt to produce uadrature snusodal sgnals wth mult-mode structure, are man goals of oscllator desgn. The collecton of these n unue confguraton s one of the Meanngful and challengng works for analog crcut desgner. Objectve: To optme freuenc performance and power consumpton wth reduced crcut complet and reducton n number of actve and passve elements. Results: Compared wth other same works, the proposed uadrature oscllator provdes hgh freuenc oscllaton, low power consumpton and good lneart. The crcut s ehbted the oscllaton freuenc about one hundred Mega-H and ts THD s less of %. The crcut use from dual postve and negatve suppl voltages ±.75olt and ts total power consumpton s.4mwatt. As well as, the suggested structure presents mult-mode feature that can produce dual uadrature voltage and current outputs. Concluson: We have proposed a mult-mode uadrature oscllator wth new structure and new CCII (second generaton current conveor) as actve element. The especal features of the proposed crcut are low complet, low voltage, low power, good lneart and hgh oscllaton freuenc. The crcut can be used n mult-mode analog structure because t able to construct a uadrature voltage or current outputs. The presented crcut can be mplemented b the parallel swtch resstance that t cause to make varous freuenc oscllatons about one hundred MH. 4 AENSI Publsher All rghts reserved. To Cte Ths Artcle: Saed Mohsen Saed Moosav and NmaAhmadpoor., A Novel Mult-Mode uadrature Oscllator wth Smple Structure and Hgh Oscllaton Freuenc Usng CCII. J. Appl. Sc. & Agrc., 9(3): 98-96, 4 INTRODUCTION In the frst tme, the basc structure of second generaton current conveor (CCII) was epanded b Sedra and Smth (A. Sedra, K. Smth, 97). Current conveors can be appled n voltage and current analog components but t can be better that be used from CCII as one of the basc actve elements n mult-mode analog nterfaces such as oscllators, flters and data converters. Recentl, one of the state of the art subjects n consderaton of analog sgnal processng crcut desgners s development n performance parameters of CCII crcuts. The results of these nvestgatons lead to resoluton ncreasng n current and voltage transfer functons, compensaton of offset (H. O. Elwan, A. M. Solman, 996), mprovement n transfer functons lneart(g. Palmsano, G. Palumbo, S. Penns, 999) and hgh freuenc features (N. B. El Fek,S. B. Salm and D. S. Masmoud, 8)optmaton crcut toward low power and low voltage desgn (H. O. Elwan, A. M. Solman, 997) and trend for dfferental crcutr. Among these goals, the features of the low power and low voltage crcut desgn, wde lneart range of CCII transfer functons and ther hgh freuenc response can be optmed for usng them as basc actve elements n analog sgnal processng and moble communcaton structures such as oscllators and flters. The oscllators s one of the most buldng block of man analog sgnal processng, communcaton and nstrumentaton sstems that can provde dual voltage and current snusodal outputs for essental parts such as phase locked loops, clocks and sensors. The uadrature oscllators usng onl all grounded passve elements are of specal nterest. QOs smultaneousl provde two snusods whch are 9 phase-shfted and have wdespread applcatons n uadrature mers and sngle-sde band modulators (W. Tangsrrat, D. Prasertsom, T. Patat and W. Surakompontorn, 8). Correspondng Author: Saed Mohsen Saed Moosav, Unverst of Mahshahr Branch, Islamc Aad unverst, Mahshahr, Iran. E-mal: nma.ahmadpoor@ahoo.com

2 99 Moosav and NmaAhmadpoor, 4 Journal of Appled Scence and Agrculture, 9(3) March 4, Pages: The conventonal op amp based RC actve oscllators often product a low freuenc oscllaton wth moderate lneart performance another dsadvantage of them s hgh power consumpton. To overcome these lmtatons actve OTA-C crcut and current conveor based oscllators are good alternatve choces.as s reported n some recent lteratures the CCII-based oscllators can be focus on some goals preferment such as hgh lneart and hgh freuenc performances (Maheshwar, Sudhanshu, and Rshabherma, ), smple confguraton and low power consumpton. however, these reported crcuts often suffer from one or more dsadvantages: () etra numbers of actve and passve elements (M. Kumngern, B. Knobnob, and K. Dejhan, 9) (S. Maheshwar and I. A. Khan, 6),() usng floatng capactors (S. Maheshwar, 4),() use of floatng resstors that can be pressed the percent of error and emplong of moderate oscllaton freuenc (Horng, Jun-We, Zhao-Ren Wang, and Tun-Y Yang, ). () Don t have mult-mode structure. In ths paper, we have desgned a uadrature oscllator that doesn t suffer an of noted dsadvantages. Objectves: In ths paper, at the frst the classcal unt gan current conveor wth smmetrc current drecton n output nodes s presented. The parameters of lneart boundar, freuenc response and low voltage reurements have been mproved n comparson wth other same works. Moreover, another advantage of offered crcut s the smple and dfferental structure. In contnuaton of paper, a new mult-mode uadrature oscllator wth smple structure and hgh oscllaton freuenc usng translnear current conveors was desgned. The presented structure use from two CCIIs, two capactors and two resstors and t have mult-mode confguraton that can be product a uadrature snusod current and voltage outputs about one hundred of MH freuenc. The lneart of crcut s llustrated wth harmonc analss and result was shown n smulaton result, furthermore the performance parameters such as dela tme, freuenc oscllaton and ampltude were evaluated b changng resstance and total harmonc dstorton (THD) was calculated to prove the hgh lneart performance. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Proposed CCII Crcut: Current conveors are basc and appled actve components n analogue nterfaces and elementar sgnal processng cells especall wth the current mode confguraton. Basc constructon of deal CCII s formed b three ports,, and. The model of CCII can be ntroduced negatve or postve stles wth regard to output current drecton at node. the drecton of output current can be nternal or eternal. Fgure shows the blocked stle of dual postve and negatve mplementaton. I I CCII I I Fg. : the block dagram scheme of the postve CCII The CCII can be eplaned b two sub-crcuts: voltage follower and current-mrror. Gans of current mrror and voltage follower are one n the unt gan CCII. As a result, euatons of unt gan dual output current nodes tpe of CCII can be gven b (P. S. Manhas, K. pal, S. Sharma, L. K. Mangotra, K. K. S. jamwal, 9): R I, I, I I I () Currents and voltages that are appled n above euatons have dstngushed n schematc of fgure and R s parastc resstance at node. The offered crcut of CCII s shown n the fgure 3. Its dmensons are optmed for hgh freuenc and can be used n RF analog structures. The proposed crcut s mplemented n the standard.8μm CMOS TSMC technolog. Furthermore ts confguraton presents low voltage, ral to ral and hgh lneart features. Therefore dual dfferental par of PMOS and NMOS transstors has been chosen for the nput stage (M8, M9, M and M) that can provde the ral to ral specfcaton. As Fgure 3 shows, transstors M8 and M prepare the nput postve ampltude however the transstors M9 and M prepare the negatve one. n ths desgn actve load of voltage follower stage s created b NMOS transstors (M4, M5) and PMOS transstors (M, M4) as current mrrors conseuentl, the bas currents n dual lnes of voltage follower stage are eual and t lead to same voltages at nodes and.

3 9 Moosav and NmaAhmadpoor, 4 Journal of Appled Scence and Agrculture, 9(3) March 4, Pages: As shown n Fgure 3,For eualaton current at node and current at node + are used from current mrrors M5, M6, M6, M7 and for the same currents wth opposte drecton at node - are used from current mrrors M8, M9, M, M, M, M3. dd M M 3 M M 4 b s M 7 M 8 M 9 M M M 6 M 7 M 8 M M9 M M M 3 M 5 M 6 M 5 M 4 M M 3 Fg. 3: The schematc of suggested CCII crcut SS The proposed low voltage and hgh freuenc CCII s smulated n the standard.8μm CMOS TSMC technolog. The HSPICE software has used for smulaton and the used dmensons of CMOS transstors has been set n the table. The suggested CCII s composed of dual smmetrc suppl voltages.75 that s ndcated the low voltage characterstc. Fgure 5 shows the lnear relaton between termnals and whch dentf the lneart specfcaton of voltage transfer functon. As shown n ths fgure, voltage n node tracks the voltage n node from -.7olt to +.7olt wth lnear curvature as a result, the ral to ral dnamc range of voltage varaton can be emploed. Fgure 6 shows the lnear relaton between nternal and eternal output current of termnals + and - versus the nternal current of termnal. these current transfer functons prove the capablt of current drve n output stage of proposed CCII, because of the unt gan desgn, the voltage and current transfer functon carves accordng to the Fgures 5 and 6 have unt slope whch ther varaton errors are less of %. Table : the dmensons of CMOS transstor of proposed CCII Transstors M M4,M5 M M8,M M,M4 M6,M7,M9,M,M3 M9,M M5,M6,M8,M,M M M7,M3 M3 W/L( (.5/.8) (/.8) (.5/.8) (/.8) (3/.8) (4/.8) (6/.8) (/.8) (4/.8) (3/.8) (9/.8) m/ m )

4 I_Probe., A I_Probe6., A 9 Moosav and NmaAhmadpoor, 4 Journal of Appled Scence and Agrculture, 9(3) March 4, Pages: oltage node () Fg. 5: the voltage at node versus the nput voltage of node Internal current node + (A) Internal current node - (A) E-3 5E-4 E -5E-4 oltage node () -E-3-5E-4-3E-4 -E-4 E-4 3E-4 5E-4 Internal current node (A) p Fg. 6: the output currents at termnals + and - versus nternal current of termnal In ths proposed crcut the -3dB cut-off freuences for voltage and current transfer functons are 3.87GH and 3.3GH respectvel. The specfc of hgh freuenc performances of proposed CCII can able t for usng n analog RF components. The Proposed CCII-based Oscllator: Recentl, oscllators that operate n the low-power and hgh freuenc are one of the mportant basc buldng blocks of analog components. Phase shft oscllators have been used more than sngle phase oscllator. A uadrature oscllator s a specal tpe of phase shft oscllator that produces two sne-spectrums wth 9 deference phase. A mult-mode uadrature oscllator can produce voltage and current output and can be used n mult-mode analog structures. In ths paper a mult-mode uadrature oscllator wth novel and smple structure had been desgned and smulated. Fgure 7 shows the confguraton wth two resstors, tow capactor and two CCII. CCII (A) CCII (B) Z P Z N C I I C Z P Z N I R R Fg. 7: the mult-mode uadrature oscllator scheme

5 9 Moosav and NmaAhmadpoor, 4 Journal of Appled Scence and Agrculture, 9(3) March 4, Pages: Ths oscllator can create uadrature voltage oscllatons n nodes and also uadrature current oscllatons n nodes I and I. The oscllator because of use from four passve and two actve elements and applng of smple and optme CCII have low power and low complet. Furthermore, the freuenc oscllaton can be hgh due to hgh freuenc CCII features For reachng a uadrature oscllaton, two voltage oscllatons based on followng formula must be created at node and. A cos( t) A cos( t 9) The above euatons can convert together b dervatve operaton ( d( ) dt uadrature voltage oscllatons can be gven b applng Laplace transformaton as followng: ( S) ks ( S) () (3) ). So the relaton between If consderng the relatonshps of euaton (), the recprocal euatons (5) and (6) can be gven b applng Krchhoff s current law (KCL) at nodes and shown n fgure 7. ( S) SC( R RX ) ( S) ( S) SC( R RX ) ( S) (6) As seen, the euatons (5) and (6) are accordng to euaton (4). Conseuentl, the phase dfference between voltages and s 9. As well as Laplace euaton (7) can be obtaned b replacng euaton (5) n (6) as followng: ( S C C ( R R X )( R R X )) ( S j, S ) From resolvng euaton (7), the freuenc oscllaton can be gven as follow: os C C ( R R )( R R X X ) Accordng to euaton () and b refer to fgure 7,t can be seen that the current I have lnear relaton wth voltage and current I have lnear relaton wth. The relatons, lead to constructon of uadrature current I and I wth same phase b and respectvel. Furthermore, from euaton (5) and (8) can be realed that the freuenc and ampltude oscllaton can be changed b varaton of resstance R and R, so we can change them b use of dgtal swtch and pns. Result: To verfcaton of theoretcal predcton of the proposed mult-mode oscllator, the crcut has been smulated usng Hspce. The CMOS mplementatons of oscllator are usng from.8μm TSMC CMOS technolog parameters. The proposed crcut has.4mwatt power consumpton at ±.75 power suppl. Fgure 8 shows the uadrature output voltages and currents n two separate schemes. The selectons of passve elements for recordng uadrature voltage and current outputs are R 85, R 5, C. 7 pf and C 4 pf. The oscllaton freuenc s eual to73mh and THD (total harmonc dstorton) s less of one percent that proves the lneart performances. The voltage and current ampltudes are dfferent that t can be eual b Resstve dvder crcut. Fast Fourer transform (FFT) can be used wth a MATLAB code and Output spectrum can be drawn for freuenc evaluaton of crcut. Fgure 9 shows the power spectral denst of voltage. In ths fgure The Basc freuenc and harmonc bns are vsble. (4) (5) (7) (8)

6 a a 93 Moosav and NmaAhmadpoor, 4 Journal of Appled Scence and Agrculture, 9(3) March 4, Pages: (molt) (molt) Tme(us) (a) tme, usec I (A) I (A) Tme(us) tme, usec (b) Fg. 8: (a) voltage outputs (b) current outputs of fgure 7 Fg. 9: power spectral denst of voltage The proposed mult-mode uadrature oscllator use from two grounded resstances R, R and two grounded capactances C, C. In ths crcut, the oscllaton condton and oscllaton freuenc can be orthogonall controllable b changng each other elements, so the varous results of freuenc oscllaton, ampltudes, THD and dela tme can be obtaned b varaton of resstor R. Fgure shows the voltage and current output dela tmes b changng R from 3Ω to 7Ω. It can be seen that the dela tme was ncreased b ncreasng R. Fgure ndcate the varaton of freuenc oscllaton parameter b changng R. As shown n ths fgure, there s an nverse relatonshp between freuenc oscllaton and se of resstance R.

7 94 Moosav and NmaAhmadpoor, 4 Journal of Appled Scence and Agrculture, 9(3) March 4, Pages: dela(us) dela(us) Fg. : the dela tme versus change n resstance R fos(mh) fos(mh) Fg. : the varaton of oscllaton freuenc versus change n resstance R Fgure and 3 show the ampltude varaton of voltage and current outputs versus change n resstance R, respectvel. Fgures show decreasng trend of uadrature current and voltage ampltudes rather than ncreasng of R v(mv)(ampltude) v(mv)(ampltude) Fg. : the varaton of voltage ampltudes versus change n resstance R

8 95 Moosav and NmaAhmadpoor, 4 Journal of Appled Scence and Agrculture, 9(3) March 4, Pages: I(uA)(ampltude) I(uA)(ampltude) Fg. 3: the varaton of current ampltudes versus change n resstance R For verfcaton of lneart performance, the THD (Total Harmonc Dstorton) was calculated wth MATLAB code. Fgure 4 shows the obtaned THD for voltage node n varous se of resstor R.As shown n ths fgure, the lneart ncreases wth ncreasng resstance, so t can be seen that the larger resstance decrease the freuenc oscllaton but ncrease the lneart and dela tme and t can be trade-offs n oscllator desgn..5.5 THD(db) THD(db) Fg. 4: the varaton of THD versus change n resstance R Concluson: In ths paper, a class AB second generaton current conveor wth CMOS transstors was desgned and smulated. The proposed CCII have ral to ral lneart range n voltage and current transfer functons n comparson to other same works. The wde range bandwdth and low-voltage and low-power specfcatons were optmed. Furthermore, the proposed CCII has ver low resstance at termnal and t s capable to convert to other tpes b lttle changes n structure.

9 96 Moosav and NmaAhmadpoor, 4 Journal of Appled Scence and Agrculture, 9(3) March 4, Pages: In the contnuaton of paper a mult-mode uadrature oscllator was desgned and smulated. The especal features of the proposed crcut are low complet, low voltage, low power, good lneart and hgh oscllaton freuenc. The crcut can be used n mult-mode analog structure because t able to construct a uadrature voltage or current outputs. The presented crcut can be mplemented b the parallel swtch resstance that t cause to make varous freuenc oscllatons about one hundred MH. REFERENCES El Fek, N.B., S.B. Salm and D.S. Masmoud, 8. Optmaton of a Ral to Ral Low oltage Current Conveor and Hgh Freuenc Current-mode Flter Applcatons, Journal of Appled Scences Research, 4(): Elwan, H.O., A.M. Solman, 996. A Novel CMOS Current Conveor wth an Electroncall Tunable Current Mode Flter Sutable for LSI, IEEE Trans.on Crcuts and Sstems-II, 43(9): Elwan, H.O., A.M. Solman, 997. Low-oltage Low-Power CMOS Current Conveors, IEEE Transacton oncrcuts and Sstems-I, 44(9): Farshd, E. and N. Ahmadpoor,. A Contnuous Tme Sgma Delta Modulators Usng CMOS Current Conveors, World Academ of Scence, Engneerng and Technolog, 78: Horng, Jun-We, Zhao-Ren Wang, and Tun-Y Yang,. "Sngle ICCII Snusodal Oscllators Emplong Grounded Capactors."Radoengneerng, (3): 69. Kumngern, M., B. Knobnob and K. Dejhan, 9. Sngle-resstancecontrolled current-mode uadrature snusodal oscllator, n ProceedngThe 9 ECTI Internatonal Conference (ECTI-CON 9), Pataa, Chonbur, Thaland, 6-9. Maheshwar, S. and I.A. Khan, 6. Current controlled thrd order uadrature oscllator, IEE Proceedng of Crcuts Devces and Sstems, 5: Maheshwar, S., 4. New voltage and current-mode APS usng current controlled conveor, Internatonal Journal of Electroncs, 9: Maheshwar, Sudhanshu, and Rshabherma,."Electroncall tunable snusodal oscllator crcut.", Actve and Passve Electronc Components. Manhas, P.S., K. pal, S. Sharma, L.K. Mangotra, K.K.S. jamwal, 9. New Low-oltage class AB Current Conveor II for analog Applcatons, Indan Journal of Pure & Appled Phscs, 47: Palmsano, G., G. Palumbo, S. Penns, 999. Desgn Strateges for Class A CMOS CCIIs, AnalogIntegrated Crcuts & Sgnal Processng, 9(): Sedra, A., K. Smth, 97. A Second-Generaton Current Conveor and Its Applcatons, IEEE Trans. on Crcuts Theor, CT-7, pp: Tangsrrat, W., D. Prasertsom, T. Patatand, W. Surakompontorn, 8. Sngle-resstance-controlled uadrature oscllators usng current dfferencng buffered amplfers. Internatonal Journal of Electroncsˮ, 95(): 9-6.