ELG 4125: ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION: TUTORIAL 1: - BY:
|
|
- Maximilian Webb
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ELG 4125: ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION: TUTORIAL 1: - BY: Faizhussain Arsiwala POWER FACTOR: The cosine of angle between voltage and current in an a.c. circuit is known as power factor. The circuit current I can be resolved into two perpendicular components, namely; (a) I cos φ in phase with V (b) I sin φ 90 out of phase with V The component I cos φ is known as active or wattful component, whereas component I sin φ is called the reactive or wattless component. The reactive component is a measure of the power factor. If the reactive component is small, the phase angle φ is small and hence power factor cos φ will be high. Therefore, a circuit having small reactive current (i.e., I sin φ) will have high power factor and vice-versa. Power Triangle: If each side of the current triangle oab of Fig. 6.1 is multiplied by voltage V, then we get the power triangle OAB shown below:
2 OA = VI cos φ and represents the active power in watts or kw AB = VI sin φ and represents the reactive power in VAR or kvar OB = VI and represents the apparent power in VA or kva The following points may be noted form the power triangle : (i) The apparent power in an a.c. circuit has two components viz., active and reactive power at right angles to each other. OB2 = OA2 + AB2 or (apparent power)2 = (active power)2 + (reactive power)2 or (kva)2 = (kw)2 + (kvar)2 (ii) Power factor, cos φ = OA/OB= active power /apparent power=kw/kva Thus, the power factor of a circuit may also be defined as the ratio of active power to the apparent power. This is a perfectly general definition and can be applied to all cases, whatever be the waveform. (iii) The lagging reactive power is responsible for the low power factor. It is clear from the power triangle that smaller the reactive power component, the higher is the power factor of the circuit. kvar = kva sin φ = (kw/cos φ) sin φ kvar = kw tan φ.
3 The power factor of a circuit can be defined in one of the following three ways: (a) Power factor = cos φ = cosine of angle between V and I (b) Power factor = R/Z = Resistance/Impedance (c) Power factor = VI cos φ/vi = Active power/apparent Power. The beer analogy
4 Significance of reactive power: Active power: The active power is consumed by the active elements from a circuit(resistances), its unit measure being the watt (W). Reactive power: The reactive power is neither consumed in the circuit nor it does any useful work. It merely flows back and forth in both directions in the circuit. A wattmeter does not measure reactive power. The reactive power is consumed by the circuit s reactive elements (coils, capacitors and magnetic coupled coils), its unit measure being volt-ampere reactive (VAr). Apparent power: The apparent power S is by definition the product between the rms values of voltage and current. The apparent power is an indicator upon the circuit s functioning measured in (KVA), a utility supplies the apparent power, but a consumer is only charged for active power. The following are the causes of low power factor: (i) Most of the a.c. motors are of induction type (1φ and 3φ induction motors) which have low lagging power factor. These motors work at a power factor which is extremely small on light load (0 2 to 0 3) and rises to 0 8 or 0 9 at full load. (ii) Arc lamps, electric discharge lamps and industrial heating furnaces operate at low lagging power factor.
5 (iii) The load on the power system is varying; being high during morning and evening and low at other times. During low load period, supply voltage is increased which increases the magnetization current. This results in the decreased power factor. Power factor correction: To improve the power factor, some device taking leading power should be connected in parallel with the load. One of such devices can be a capacitor. The capacitor draws a leading current and partly or completely neutralizes the lagging reactive component of load current. This raises the power factor of the load. Voltage regulation: When a transmission line is carrying current, there is a voltage drop in the line due to resistance and inductance of the line. The result is that receiving end voltage (V r ) of the line is generally less than the sending end voltage (V s ). This voltage drops (V s V r ) in the line is expressed as a percentage of receiving end voltage V r and is called voltage regulation. The difference in voltage at the receiving end of a transmission line **between conditions of no load and full load is called voltage regulation and is expressed as a percentage of the receiving end voltage. Mathematically, % age Voltage regulation = Obviously, it is desirable that the voltage regulation of a transmission line should be low i.e., the increase in load current should make very little difference in the receiving end voltage.
6 Transmission efficiency: The power obtained at the receiving end of a transmission line is generally less than the sending end power due to losses in the line resistance. The ratio of receiving end power to the sending end power of a transmission line is known as the transmission efficiency of the line i.e. % age Transmission efficiency =
7 Examples: - 1) Suppose a circuit draws a current of 10 A at a voltage of 200 V and its p.f. is 0 8 lagging. Then, calculate apparent power, active power and reactive power. Apparent power = VI = = 2000 VA Active power = VI cos φ = = 1600 W Reactive power = VI sin φ = = 1200 VAR The circuit receives an apparent power of 2000 VA and is able to convert only 1600 watts into active power. The reactive power is 1200 VAR and does no useful work. It merely flows into and out of the circuit periodically. In fact, reactive power is a liability on the source because the source must supply the additional current (i.e., I sin φ). 2) An alternator is supplying a load of 300 kw at a p.f. of 0 6 lagging. If the power factor is raised to unity, how many more kilowatts can alternator supply for the same kva loading?
8 3)
9 4) An overhead 3-phase transmission line delivers 5000 kw at 22 kv at 0 8 p.f. lagging. The resistance and reactance of each conductor is 4 Ω and 6 Ω respectively. Determine: (i) sending end voltage (ii) percentage regulation (iii) transmission efficiency
CHAPTER 3 IMPROVEMENT OF LOAD POWER FACTOR USING FACTS CONTROLLERS
40 CHAPTER 3 IMPROVEMENT OF LOAD POWER FACTOR USING FACTS CONTROLLERS 3.1 INTRODUCTION The low power factor effects on transmission line, switchgear, transformers etc. It is observed that if the power
More informationCIRCLE DIAGRAMS. Learning Objectives. Combinations of R and C circuits
H A P T E R18 earning Objectives ircle Diagram of a Series ircuit Rigorous Mathematical Treatment onstant Resistance but ariable Reactance Properties of onstant Reactance But ariable Resistance ircuit
More informationElectrical Theory. Power Principles and Phase Angle. PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM /22/2018
Electrical Theory Power Principles and Phase Angle PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM 2018 Objectives At the end of this presentation the learner will be able to: Identify the characteristics of Sine
More informationElectrical installation calculations. Volume 2
Electrical installation calculations Volume 2 Electrical installation calculations VOLUME 2 SIXTH EDITION A. J. Watkins Chris Kitcher AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO
More informationChapter 7. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 7 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Learning Objectives 1. Understand the meaning of instantaneous and average power, master AC power notation,
More informationSERIES A.C. CIRCUITS. Learning Objectives. This chapter discusses series AC circuits, and how they function
C H A P T E 3 Learning Objectives A.C. Through esistance and Inductance Power Factor Active and eactive Components of Circuit Current-I Active, eactive and Apparent Power Q-factor of a Coil Power in an
More informationPower. Power is the rate of using energy in joules per second 1 joule per second Is 1 Watt
3 phase Power All we need electricity for is as a source of transport for energy. We can connect to a battery, which is a source of stored energy. Or we can plug into and electric socket at home or in
More informationAligarh College of Engineering & Technology (College Code: 109) Affiliated to UPTU, Approved by AICTE Electrical Engg.
Aligarh College of Engineering & Technology (College Code: 19) Electrical Engg. (EE-11/21) Unit-I DC Network Theory 1. Distinguish the following terms: (a) Active and passive elements (b) Linearity and
More informationAC Power Instructor Notes
Chapter 7: AC Power Instructor Notes Chapter 7 surveys important aspects of electric power. Coverage of Chapter 7 can take place immediately following Chapter 4, or as part of a later course on energy
More informationPRUDENT PRACTICES TO IMPROVE POWER FACTOR AND REDUCE POWER LOSS.
1 PRUDENT PRACTICES TO IMPROVE POWER FACTOR AND REDUCE POWER LOSS. DEFINATIONS Working /Active Power: Normally measured in kilowatts (kw). It does the "work" for the system--providing the motion, torque,
More informationCHAPTER THREE PHASE SYSTEM (3 Φ ) C h a p t e r 3 71
C h a p t e r 3 71 CHATE 3 THEE HASE SSTEM (3 Φ ) 3.0 NTODUCTON This chapter is explaining about the three phase system. The learning outcome is student should be able to apply the principles of three
More informationTRANSFORMER OPERATION
Chapter 3 TRANSFORMER OPERATION 1 A transformer is a static device (no moving parts) used to transfer energy from one AC circuit to another. This transfer of energy may involve an increase or decrease
More informationChapter L Power factor correction and harmonic filtering
Chapter L Power factor correction and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Contents Reactive energy and power factor 1.1 The nature of reactive energy L2 1.2 Equipment and appliances requiring reactive energy L2 1.3 The
More informationExperiment 45. Three-Phase Circuits. G 1. a. Using your Power Supply and AC Voltmeter connect the circuit shown OBJECTIVE
Experiment 45 Three-Phase Circuits OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between voltage and current in three-phase circuits. To learn how to make delta and wye connections. To calculate the power in three-phase
More informationWelcome to the rd. Annual Northern Ohio. 3 rd Energy Management Conference September 30, 2008
Welcome to the rd Annual Northern Ohio 3 rd Energy Management Conference September 30, 2008 Recover Lost Dollars Demand Side Electrical Energy Savings By Improving Distribution System Efficiency, Capacity
More information86 chapter 2 Transformers
86 chapter 2 Transformers Wb 1.2x10 3 0 1/60 2/60 3/60 4/60 5/60 6/60 t (sec) 1.2x10 3 FIGURE P2.2 2.3 A single-phase transformer has 800 turns on the primary winding and 400 turns on the secondary winding.
More informationSizing Generators for Leading Power Factor
Sizing Generators for Leading Power Factor Allen Windhorn Kato Engineering 24 February, 2014 Generator Operation with a Leading Power Factor Generators operating with a leading power factor may experience
More informationPOWER FACTOR CORRECTION OF MACHINE LABORATORY AND CNC MACHINE BY USING IPFC CONTROLLER
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION OF MACHINE LABORATORY AND CNC MACHINE BY USING IPFC CONTROLLER Submitted by:- DEEPAK KUMAR BAGHAR PRAVAT KUMAR PATRA DEVIPRASAD SINGHDEO SARTHAK PATI ASHIS PANDA ANUP MANGARAJ 110301EER101
More informationPractical Transformer on Load
Practical Transformer on Load We now consider the deviations from the last two ideality conditions : 1. The resistance of its windings is zero. 2. There is no leakage flux. The effects of these deviations
More informationTransformers. gpmacademics.weebly.com
TRANSFORMERS Syllabus: Principles of operation, Constructional Details, Losses and efficiency, Regulation of Transformer, Testing: OC & SC test. TRANSFORMER: It is a static device which transfers electric
More informationSimulation & Hardware Implementation of APFC Meter to Boost Up Power Factor Maintain by Industry.
Simulation & Hardware Implementation of APFC Meter to Boost Up Power Factor Maintain by Industry. Bhargav Jayswal 1, Vivek Khushwaha 2, Prof. Pushpa Bhatiya 3 1.2 B. E Electrical Engineering, Vadodara
More informationUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY By: Fadhil A. Hasan ELECTRICAL MACHINES
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Year: Second 2016-2017 By: Fadhil A. Hasan ELECTRICAL MACHINES І Module-II: AC Transformers o Single phase transformers o Three-phase transformers
More informationELECTRIC CURRENTS AND CIRCUITS By: Richard D. Beard P.E.
ELECTRICAL POWER There are two types of electric power in use, direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac). The most common use of direct current is automotive, including storage batteries, starter
More informationChapter 11. Alternating Current
Unit-2 ECE131 BEEE Chapter 11 Alternating Current Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Describe how an AC voltage is produced with an AC generator (alternator) Define alternation,
More informationDownloaded from / 1
PURWANCHAL UNIVERSITY II SEMESTER FINAL EXAMINATION-2008 LEVEL : B. E. (Computer/Electronics & Comm.) SUBJECT: BEG123EL, Electrical Engineering-I Full Marks: 80 TIME: 03:00 hrs Pass marks: 32 Candidates
More informationPower Quality Monitoring and Power Metering Tutorial
Power Quality Monitoring and Power Metering Tutorial Power generation and transmission today are accomplished using three phase alternatingcurrent. To understand electrical power quality monitoring and
More informationKINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK UNIT I BASIC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS PART A (2-MARKS)
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK YEAR / SEM : I / II SUBJECT CODE & NAME : EE 1151 CIRCUIT THEORY UNIT I BASIC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS PART A (2-MARKS)
More informationSHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGG. & MANAGEMENT B.Tech. [SEM I (EE, EN, EC, CE)] QUIZ TEST-3 (Session: ) Time: 1 Hour ELECTRICAL ENGINEE
SHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGG. & MANAGEMENT B.Tech. [SEM I (EE, EN, EC, CE)] QUIZ TEST-3 (Session: 2014-15) Time: 1 Hour ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Max. Marks: 30 (NEE-101) Roll No. Academic/26
More informationARDUINO BASED POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
ARDUINO BASED POWER FACTOR CORRECTION 1 SHOBHA R.MANE, 2 ASHWINI A.KOLEKAR, 3 MAITHILI M. MOLAJ, 4 SADHANA V.PATIL, 5 MAZHARHUSSAIN N. MESTRI 1,2,3,4,5 Electrical Department, Shivaji University, Kolhapur,
More informationAUTO-TRANSFORMER. This is having only one winding; part of this winding is common to both primary and secondary.
AUTO-TRANSFORMER This is having only one winding; part of this winding is common to both primary and secondary. In 2-winding transformer both primary and secondary windings are electrically isolated, but
More informationHours / 100 Marks Seat No.
17323 14115 3 Hours / 100 Seat No. Instructions (1) All Questions are Compulsory. (2) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary. (3) Figures to the right indicate full marks. (4) Assume
More informationINTRODUCTION...xiii Author s Comments...xiii Exam Preparation...xiii Difficult Concepts...xiv Textbook Errors and Corrections...xv Internet...
INTRODUCTION...xiii Author s Comments...xiii Exam Preparation...xiii Difficult Concepts...xiv Textbook Errors and Corrections...xv Internet...xv UNIT 1 ELECTRICIAN S MATH AND BASIC ELECTRICAL FORMULAS...1
More informationQuestion Paper Profile
I Scheme Question Paper Profile Program Name : Electrical Engineering Program Group Program Code : EE/EP/EU Semester : Third Course Title : Electrical Circuits Max. Marks : 70 Time: 3 Hrs. Instructions:
More informationWorld Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vol:7, No:6, 2013
Investigating the Effect of Using Capacitorsin the Pumping Station on the Harmonic Contents (Case Study: Kafr El-Shikh Governorate, Egypt) Khaled M. Fetyan Abstract Power Factor (PF) is one of the most
More informationCHAPTER 2. Basic Concepts, Three-Phase Review, and Per Unit
CHAPTER 2 Basic Concepts, Three-Phase Review, and Per Unit 1 AC power versus DC power DC system: - Power delivered to the load does not fluctuate. - If the transmission line is long power is lost in the
More informationUniversity of Pune, Online Examination System, Question Bank Course
University of Pune, Online Examination System, Question Bank Course Id 1 Question Even thoughan ac waveform can take any shape the is the most preferable. A Square wave B Sine wave C Triangular wave D
More informationDSP-BASED CURRENT SHARING OF AVERAGE CURRENT CONTROLLED TWO-CELL INTERLEAVED BOOST POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CONVERTER
DSP-BASED CURRENT SHARING OF AVERAGE CURRENT CONTROLLED TWO-CELL INTERLEAVED BOOST POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CONVERTER P.R.Hujband 1, Dr. B.E.Kushare 2 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, K.K.W.I.E.E.R,
More informationECE 2006 University of Minnesota Duluth Lab 11. AC Circuits
1. Objective AC Circuits In this lab, the student will study sinusoidal voltages and currents in order to understand frequency, period, effective value, instantaneous power and average power. Also, the
More information2.0 AC CIRCUITS 2.1 AC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT CALCULATIONS. ECE 4501 Power Systems Laboratory Manual Rev OBJECTIVE
2.0 AC CIRCUITS 2.1 AC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT CALCULATIONS 2.1.1 OBJECTIVE To study sinusoidal voltages and currents in order to understand frequency, period, effective value, instantaneous power and average
More informationCode No: R Set No. 1
Code No: R05310204 Set No. 1 III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-III (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions
More informationUnit 3 Magnetism...21 Introduction The Natural Magnet Magnetic Polarities Magnetic Compass...21
Chapter 1 Electrical Fundamentals Unit 1 Matter...3 Introduction...3 1.1 Matter...3 1.2 Atomic Theory...3 1.3 Law of Electrical Charges...4 1.4 Law of Atomic Charges...4 Negative Atomic Charge...4 Positive
More informationQUESTION BANK ETE (17331) CM/IF. Chapter1: DC Circuits
QUESTION BANK ETE (17331) CM/IF Chapter1: DC Circuits Q1. State & explain Ohms law. Also explain concept of series & parallel circuit with the help of diagram. 3M Q2. Find the value of resistor in fig.
More informationPreface...x Chapter 1 Electrical Fundamentals
Preface...x Chapter 1 Electrical Fundamentals Unit 1 Matter...3 Introduction...3 1.1 Matter...3 1.2 Atomic Theory...3 1.3 Law of Electrical Charges...4 1.4 Law of Atomic Charges...5 Negative Atomic Charge...5
More informationAC Fundamental. Simple Loop Generator: Whenever a conductor moves in a magnetic field, an emf is induced in it.
AC Fundamental Simple Loop Generator: Whenever a conductor moves in a magnetic field, an emf is induced in it. Fig.: Simple Loop Generator The amount of EMF induced into a coil cutting the magnetic lines
More informationCork Institute of Technology. Autumn 2008 Electrical Energy Systems (Time: 3 Hours)
Cork Institute of Technology Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Electrical Power Systems - Award Instructions Answer FIVE questions. (EELPS_8_Y4) Autumn 2008 Electrical Energy Systems (Time: 3 Hours) Examiners:
More informationChapter 1 Electrical Theory and Part C Series Parallel and Code Questions Multiwire Branch Circuits Unit 1 Electrician s Math
Chapter 1 Electrical Theory and Code Questions 1 Unit 1 Electrician s Math and Basic Electrical Formulas 3 Part A Electrician s Math 3 1 1 Fractions 3 1 2 Kilo 4 1 3 Knowing Your Answer 4 1 4 Multiplier
More informationPower Factor Correction of Inductive Loads using PLC
Power Factor Correction of Inductive Loads using PLC Sayed Abdullah Sadat Member of Regime, National Load Control Center (NLCC) Afghanistan's National Power Utility (DABS) Sayed_abdullah@ieee.org E. Sreesobha
More informationLV PFC Basics. Power Factor Correction - Basics FK PC PM PFC Januar 07 Page: 1
LV PFC Basics Power Factor Correction - Basics FK PC PM PFC Januar 07 Page: 1 What are the different types of loads? Ohmic loads Lighting bulbs Iron Resistive heating Capacative loads Capacitors Underground
More informationCHAPTER 4 HARMONICS AND POWER FACTOR
4.1 Harmonics CHAPTER 4 HARMONICS AND POWER FACTOR In this research a comparative study of practical aspects of mixed use of diode and Thyristor converter technologies in Aluminium Smelters has been carried
More informationExperiment No. Experiments for First Year Electrical Engg Lab
Experiment No im: To determine Regulation and Efficiency of a single phase transformer using open circuit (O.C.) and short circuit (S.C.) tests pparatus: - Single phase transformer Single phase dimmer
More informationMAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Important Instructions to examiners: 1. The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2. The model answer and the answer written by candidate
More informationWALJAT COLLEGES OF APPLIED SCIENCES In academic partnership with BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Question Bank Course: EC Session:
WLJT OLLEGES OF PPLIED SIENES In academic partnership with IRL INSTITUTE OF TEHNOLOGY Question ank ourse: E Session: 20052006 Semester: II Subject: E2001 asic Electrical Engineering 1. For the resistive
More informationElectrical Motor Power Measurement & Analysis
Electrical Motor Power Measurement & Analysis Understand the basics to drive greater efficiency Test&Measurement Energy is one of the highest cost items in a plant or facility, and motors often consume
More informationPOWER FACTOR CORRECTION USING BOOST CONVERTER
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION USING BOOST CONVERTER Hiten Pahilwani Accenture Services, Mumbai 400708 ABSTRACT In an electrical Power systems, a load with a low power factor draws more current than a load with
More informationChapter 3 - Waveforms, Power and Measurement
Chapter 3 - Waveforms, Power and Measurement Recommended problems to study: Problem Page Concentrates 3: Low-pass filter/fourier series < : Two wattmeter 3-f power measurement Timed 3: DC ammeter 4< 5:
More informationAlternating Current Page 1 30
Alternating Current 26201 11 Page 1 30 Calculate the peak and effective voltage of current values for AC Calculate the phase relationship between two AC waveforms Describe the voltage and current phase
More informationECET Modern Power
ECET 273000 Modern Power Course Instructors Course Philosophy This course is an introduction to a wide range of electrical energy systems technologies. Topics include fundamentals of energy conversion,
More informationFundamentals of AC Power Measurements
Fundamentals of AC Power Measurements Application Note Power analysis involves some measurements, terms and calculations that may be new and possibly confusing to engineers and technicians who are new
More informationPower System Analysis Prof. A. K. Sinha Department of Electrical Engineering Indian institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Power System Analysis Prof. A. K. Sinha Department of Electrical Engineering Indian institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 10 Transmission Line Steady State Operation Voltage Control (Contd.) Welcome
More informationChapter # : 17 Symmetrical Fault Calculations
Chapter # : 17 Symmetrical Fault Calculations Introduction Most of the faults on the power system lead to a short-circuit condition. The short circuit current flows through the equipment, causing considerable
More informationCode No: RR Set No. 1
Code No: RR310202 Set No. 1 III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions
More informationGENERATOR INTERCONNECTION APPLICATION FOR ALL PROJECTS WITH AGGREGATE GENERATOR OUTPUT OF MORE THAN 2 MW
GENERATOR INTERCONNECTION APPLICATION FOR ALL PROJECTS WITH AGGREGATE GENERATOR OUTPUT OF MORE THAN 2 MW Electric Utility Contact Information DTE Energy Interconnection Coordinator One Energy Plaza, SB
More informationChapter 2: Transformers
Chapter 2: Transformers 2-1. The secondary winding of a transformer has a terminal voltage of v s (t) = 282.8 sin 377t V. The turns ratio of the transformer is 100:200 (a = 0.50). If the secondary current
More informationExercise 1: Power Division
Power in AC Circuits AC 2 Fundamentals Exercise 1: Power Division EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to determine ac power division among the components of an RLC
More informationTable of Contents. Introduction...2 Conductors and Insulators...3 Current, Voltage, and Resistance...6
Table of Contents Introduction...2 Conductors and Insulators...3 Current, Voltage, and Resistance...6 Ohm s Law... 11 DC Circuits... 13 Magnetism...20 Alternating Current...23 Inductance and Capacitance...30
More information3/29/2012 MAIN TOPICS DISCUSSED ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND ELECTRIC ENERGY MANAGEMENT SECTION K ELECTRIC RATES POWER COMPUTATION FORMULAS.
MAIN TOPICS DISCUSSED Electric Rates Electrical system utilization ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND ELECTRIC ENERGY MANAGEMENT SECTION K Power quality Harmonics Power factor (Cos phi) improvement Section K - 2 ELECTRIC
More information148 Electric Machines
148 Electric Machines 3.1 The emf per turn for a single-phase 2200/220- V, 50-Hz transformer is approximately 12 V. Calculate (a) the number of primary and secondary turns, and (b) the net cross-sectional
More informationCHAPTER 4. Distribution Transformers
CHAPTER 4 Distribution Transformers Introduction A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy from one circuit to another purely by magnetic coupling. Relative motion of the parts of the
More informationAlternating voltages and currents
Alternating voltages and currents Introduction - Electricity is produced by generators at power stations and then distributed by a vast network of transmission lines (called the National Grid system) to
More informationR. W. Erickson. Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder
R. W. Erickson Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder 16.4. Power phasors in sinusoidal systems Apparent power is the product of the rms voltage and
More informationWELCOME TO THE LECTURE
WLCOM TO TH LCTUR ON TRNFORMR Single Phase Transformer Three Phase Transformer Transformer transformer is a stationary electric machine which transfers electrical energy (power) from one voltage level
More informationSpring 2000 EE361: MIDTERM EXAM 1
NAME: STUDENT NUMBER: Spring 2000 EE361: MIDTERM EXAM 1 This exam is open book and closed notes. Assume f=60 hz and use the constant µ o =4π 10-7 wherever necessary. Be sure to show all work clearly. 1.
More informationPOWER FACTOR CORRECTION AND ITS PITFALLS
Technical Note No. May 1999 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION AND ITS PITFALLS This Technical Note considers power factor correction as applied by large customers and the possible consequences when power factor
More information1. A battery has an emf of 12.9 volts and supplies a current of 3.5 A. What is the resistance of the circuit?
1. A battery has an emf of 12.9 volts and supplies a current of 3.5 A. What is the resistance of the circuit? (a) 3.5 Ω (b) 16.4 Ω (c) 3.69 Ω (d) 45.15 Ω 2. Sign convention used for potential is: (a) Rise
More informationUNIT 1 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 1 What is a graph of a network? When all the elements in a network is replaced by lines with circles or dots at both ends.
UNIT 1 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 1 What is a graph of a network? When all the elements in a network is replaced by lines with circles or dots at both ends. 2 What is tree of a network? It is an interconnected open
More informationA) For the Y-Y circuit shown in Fig. 1, find the line currents, the line voltages, and the load voltages.
Salman Bin Abdul Aziz University Faculty of Engineering Electrical Engineering department Electric Circuit Analysis (EE 2020) Sheet (2) Three-Phase Circuits < <
More informationALTERNATING CURRENT. Lesson-1. Alternating Current and Voltage
esson- ATENATING UENT Alternating urrent and oltage An alternating current or voltage is that variation of current or voltage respectively whose magnitude and direction vary periodically and continuously
More informationCHAPTER 5 POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT BY USING POWER ACTIVE FILTERS
86 CHAPTER 5 POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT BY USING POWER ACTIVE FILTERS 5.1 POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT This chapter deals with the harmonic elimination in Power System by adopting various methods. Due to the
More informationCHAPTER 6: ALTERNATING CURRENT
CHAPTER 6: ALTERNATING CURRENT PSPM II 2005/2006 NO. 12(C) 12. (c) An ac generator with rms voltage 240 V is connected to a RC circuit. The rms current in the circuit is 1.5 A and leads the voltage by
More informationENERGY SAVINGS THROUGH POWER CONDITIONING WITH THE PowerGUARD SYSTEM
ENERGY SAVINGS THROUGH POWER CONDITIONING WITH THE PowerGUARD SYSTEM Abstract Efficient operation of the electrical system of any facility is essential to controlling operational costs while maximizing
More informationCHIEF ENGINEER REG III/2 MARINE ELECTROTECHNOLOGY
CHIEF ENGINEER REG III/2 MARINE ELECTROTECHNOLOGY LIST OF TOPICS 1 Electric Circuit Principles 2 Electronic Circuit Principles 3 Generation 4 Distribution 5 Utilisation The expected learning outcome is
More informationSECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. Unit Objectives. Unit Objectives 2/29/2012
SECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Unit Objectives Describe the structure of an atom. Identify atoms with a positive charge and atoms with a negative charge. Explain
More informationInternational Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CONTROL USING ARDUINO UNO
Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.72 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 4, Issue 4, April -2017 e-issn (O): 2348-4470 p-issn (P): 2348-6406 AUTOMATIC
More informationSHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGG. & MANAGEMENT
SHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGG. & MANAGEMENT B.Tech. [SEM I (CE,EC,EE,EN)] QUIZ TEST-3 (Session: 2012-13) Time: 1 Hour ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Max. Marks: 30 (EEE-101) Roll No. Academic/26 Refer/WI/ACAD/18
More informationUser's Manual. Clamp-on Power Datalogger. Model
User's Manual Clamp-on Power Datalogger Model 382060 WARRANTY EXTECH INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION warrants this instrument to be free of defects in parts and workmanship for one year from date of shipment (a
More informationK6RIA, Extra Licensing Class. Circuits & Resonance for All!
K6RIA, Extra Licensing Class Circuits & Resonance for All! Amateur Radio Extra Class Element 4 Course Presentation ELEMENT 4 Groupings Rules & Regs Skywaves & Contesting Outer Space Comms Visuals & Video
More information5.0 THREE PHASE SYSTEM
5.0 THREE PHASE SYSTEM ET 201 BAKISS HIYANA BAU BAKAR JKE, POLISAS 1 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME 1. Explain AC circuit concept and their analysis using AC circuit law. 2. Apply the knowledge of AC circuit
More informationnot to be republished NCERT ALTERNATING CURRENT Chapter Seven MCQ 1
hapter Seven ALTERNATING URRENT MQ 1 7.1 If the rms current in a 50 Hz ac circuit is 5 A, the value of the current 1/300 seconds after its value becomes zero is (a) 5 2 A (b) 5 3/2 A (c) 5/6 A (d) 5/ 2
More informationGENERATOR INTERCONNECTION APPLICATION FOR ALL PROJECTS WITH AGGREGATE GENERATOR OUTPUT OF MORE THAN 150 KW BUT LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 550 KW
GENERATOR INTERCONNECTION APPLICATION FOR ALL PROJECTS WITH AGGREGATE GENERATOR OUTPUT OF MORE THAN 150 KW BUT LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 550 KW Electric Utility Contact Information Detroit Edison Company Interconnection
More informationEXPERIMENT 1 TITLE: SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS - TRANSFORMER REGULATION
EXPERIMENT 1 TITLE: SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS - TRANSFORMER REGULATION OBJECTIVES 1) To determine the voltage regulation of a transformer with varying loads and to discuss capacitive and inductive loading
More informationCHAPTER 14 ALTERNATING VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS
CHAPTER 4 ALTERNATING VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS Exercise 77, Page 28. Determine the periodic time for the following frequencies: (a) 2.5 Hz (b) 00 Hz (c) 40 khz (a) Periodic time, T = = 0.4 s f 2.5 (b) Periodic
More informationModule 7. Transformer. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 7 Transformer Lesson 28 Problem solving on Transformers Contents 28 Problem solving on Transformer (Lesson-28) 4 28.1 Introduction. 4 28.2 Problems on 2 winding single phase transformers. 4 28.3
More informationChapter 30 Inductance, Electromagnetic. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 30 Inductance, Electromagnetic Oscillations, and AC Circuits 30-7 AC Circuits with AC Source Resistors, capacitors, and inductors have different phase relationships between current and voltage
More informationAlternating Current Study Guide. Preface. This module is DIFFICULT.
Preface This module is DIFFICULT. This material will take more effort to understand and more effort to pass than tests from previous modules. This is on par with a college-level electrical engineering
More informationBE Semester- VI (Electrical Engineering) Question Bank (E 605 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM - II) Y - Y transformer : 300 MVA, 33Y / 220Y kv, X = 15 %
BE Semester- V (Electrical Engineering) Question Bank (E 605 ELECTRCAL POWER SYSTEM - ) All questions carry equal marks (10 marks) Q.1 Explain per unit system in context with three-phase power system and
More informationGenerator Advanced Concepts
Generator Advanced Concepts Common Topics, The Practical Side Machine Output Voltage Equation Pitch Harmonics Circulating Currents when Paralleling Reactances and Time Constants Three Generator Curves
More informationPower Factor improved by Variable Speed AC Drives By Mauri Peltola, ABB Oy, Drives
For your business and technology editors Power Factor improved by Variable Speed AC Drives By Mauri Peltola, ABB Oy, Drives The use of AC induction motors is essential for industry and utilities. AC induction
More informationOwner/Customer Name: Mailing Address: City: County: State: Zip Code: Phone Number: Representative: Address: Fax Number:
Interconnection of a Customer-Owned Renewable Generation System of Greater than 100 KW and Less than or Equal to 1 MW to the LCEC Electric Grid Tier 3 Application and Compliance Form Instructions: Complete
More informationUEE11 Electrotechnology. Training Package
UEE11 Electrotechnology Training Package UEENEEJ153A Find and rectify faults in motors and associated controls in refrigeration and air conditioning systems Learner Workbook Version 1 Training and Education
More informationPhasor. Phasor Diagram of a Sinusoidal Waveform
Phasor A phasor is a vector that has an arrow head at one end which signifies partly the maximum value of the vector quantity ( V or I ) and partly the end of the vector that rotates. Generally, vectors
More information