Development of multichannel single-unit microphone using shotgun microphone array
|
|
- Vincent Ball
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PROCEEDINGS of the 22 nd International Congress on Acoustics Electroacoustics and Audio Engineering: Paper ICA Development of multichannel single-unit microphone using shotgun microphone array Yo Sasaki (a), Toshiyuki Nishiguchi (a), Kazuho Ono (a) (a) NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Japan, Abstract We developed a multichannel single-unit microphone using circular shotgun microphone array for simple recording of multichannel audio, such as 22.2ch audio. The microphone array consists of 8 shotgun microphone elements arranged at 45 degree intervals. Though sharp directivity corresponding to the direction of each element is preferable, directivity at low frequency is wide (directivity of a shotgun microphone becomes sharp with increasing frequency due to the acoustic tube). To improve directivity at low frequency, directivity control by digital signal processing can be applied. We evaluated the performance of our multichannel single-unit microphone through numerical simulation and experiment. Keywords: directional control, shotgun microphone, circular microphone array, robustness, regularization
2 Development of multichannel single-unit microphone using shotgun microphone array 1 Introduction NHK is conducting research and development of 8K Super Hi-Vision (SHV) as a nextgeneration medium that offers a highly immersive sense of presence and reality. Test broadcasting of SHV was begun in Japan in 2016 August. The 22.2 multichannel audio (22.2ch audio) is designed for the audio system of SHV and reproduces 3D sound delivering a strong sensation of reality by using a three-layer channel arrangement. The system consists of a top layer with 9 channels, a middle layer with 10 channels, a bottom layer with 3 channels, and 2 channels for low frequency effects (LFEs) [1], as shown in Fig. 1. When recording 22.2ch audio, many microphones are usually used that are separately located to capture sound sources as well as ambient sound. It is, however, not possible to locate many microphones for every situation, such as live recording, where the microphone locations are restricted. It is thus necessary to reduce the space required for the multichannel single-unit microphones as much as possible. To meet this requirement, NHK has developed a portable spherical microphone with acoustic baffles [2] that can record 16ch audio simultaneously. Though it is possible to record multichannel audio corresponding to the direction of sound with the microphone, there is a problem regarding frequency response for the sound arriving from the front due to the effect of acoustic baffles. To solve such a problem, we developed a multichannel single-unit microphone using circular shotgun microphone array. The array consists of 8 shotgun microphones arranged at 45 degree intervals as elements suitable for recording 22.2ch audio. The frequency response is flatter than that of spherical microphones. On the other hand, directivity becomes sharp with increasing frequency, while that at low frequency becomes wide. Directivity control by using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter has been applied to improve directivity at low frequency. Directivity improved in the case without any individual difference between the microphone elements. For directivity control, it is preferable to use identical microphone elements with which the controller was designed, but it is not always practical mainly because shotgun microphones are likely to exhibit a difference in sensitivity. To solve this problem, We also propose a robust algorithm for directivity control. 2
3 FIGURE 1. Configuration of 22.2ch audio 2 Multichannel single-unit microphone using circular shotgun microphone array Our multichannel single-unit microphone is shown in Fig. 2. It consists of eight shotgun microphones(sanken CSR-2) as elements, arranged at 45 degree intervals corresponding to the direction of each channel composing 22.2ch audio. The microphone arrangement is suitable for recording ambient sounds, which are likely to be reproduced by 8ch surrounding the listening position per layer, (except FLc and FRc in the mid layer). As shown in Fig. 3, a shotgun microphone has directivity, which becomes shaper as frequency increases due to a leaky acoustic tube. The leaky acoustic tube affects directivity above 1 khz, while directivity below 1 khz is almost the same as that of a cardioid microphone, which is not narrow enough to obtain good separation between channels. Directivity control by using a inverse problem is then applied to improve directivity at low frequency. FIGURE 2. Shotgun microphone array 3
4 FIGURE 3. Frequency response and polar patterns of microphone element (CSR-2) 3 Designing of the Directivity control filter Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of multichannel single-unit microphone. The outputs of the array are obtained by filtering signals captured by the microphone array where is the number of elements. Suppose a transfer function matrix, which is measured from sound sources located at a sufficient distance to the microphone elements, and target transfer function matrix which are described as (1) (2) where is the transfer function measured from the source located in direction to the element whose main axis is directed to, is the target transfer function from the source located in direction to the microphone element, which is directed to, is the direction of the main axis of the -th elements, is the direction where the -th source is located, and is the angular frequency. Then signals captured by the microphone array are described as, (3) 4
5 where output of the array is described as are the signals of all sound sources. Therefore the (4) where is the transfer function of the directional control filter. On the other hand, the desirable output can be described using as. (5) We calculate optimal that makes the directivity pattern of change to desirable output. If is square and regular, can be described as follows.. (6) If is not square or singular, we calculate minimizing as described below.. (7) FIGURE 4. Block diagram of the Multichannel single-unit microphone 4 Numerical simulation and measurement without sensitivity error We conducted a numerical simulation using measured in a 7.8m 7.6m 6.8m anechoic chamber. A loudspeaker (Genelec 2029A) was located 4 m from the center of the microphone array. Other conditions for designing the filter are as follows. i. The was constructed using transfer functions measured from 360 directions per 5
6 degree. ii. The was constructed using as, (8) iii. iv. where is the amplitude-frequency response of a microphone element for the sound arriving from 0 (front) to maintain the frontal characteristic. The amplitude-frequency response was calibrated by the reference amplitude-frequency response measured using a 1/2 inch free-field measurement microphone (B&K 4191) with a preamplifier (B&K 2670) because the loudspeaker does not have a flat frequency response. Filter length was 4096 taps. The frequency responses for the sound arriving from each direction and polar patterns are plotted in Fig. 5. Directivity narrowed for all directions below 900 Hz. On the other hand, some side-lobes were higher and the directivity patterns became undesirable above 900 Hz. Furthermore, the frequency response for the sound arriving from 0 was not flat. These artifacts are due to spatial aliasing. (b) Polar pattern FIGURE 5. Frequency responses and polar patterns with control over all bands from numerical simulation For avoiding spatial aliasing, it is necessary to limit the frequency range for directivity control. The frequency responses and polar patterns in which the frequency band for directivity control is limited below 900 Hz are plotted in Fig. 6. Although directivity just above 900 Hz was wider than that below 900 Hz, directivity became sharper with increasing frequency due to the effect of a leaky acoustic tube, especially above 4 khz. 6
7 FIGURE 6. Frequency responses and polar patterns with control below 900 Hz from numerical simulation Measurement was conducted under the same conditions as for the numerical simulation above. The frequency responses for the sound arriving from each direction and polar patterns are plotted in Fig. 7. Although the polar pattern at low frequency below about 150 Hz is inferior to that from the simulation, these results show almost good agreement with the simulation. (b) Polar pattern FIGURE 7. Frequency responses and polar patterns with control below 900 Hz from measurement 5 Robustness against individual difference When applying the directivity control at low frequency, it is preferable to use the same microphone elements as those when the controller was designed; however, it is not necessary in practical cases. It is necessary to investigate the effect of the difference in the sensitivity response on the directivity control because shotgun microphones are more likely to exhibit a difference in sensitivity than ordinary microphones due to their structure. We conducted a numerical simulation and measurement in which the microphone elements were arranged in difference order from that used in designing the filter to represent sensitivity difference. The dispersion of the individual sensitivity error each microphone was within ±1 db. 7
8 Figure 8 shows the frequency responses for the sound arriving from each direction and polar patterns with sensitivity error. FIGURE 8. Frequency responses and polar patterns with sensitivity error from measurement The results show that the frequency responses and polar patterns are disturbed at low frequency, especially below 500 Hz. The effect of individual difference increases as frequency decreases. This effect is due to the singularity of due to the thick arrangement of elements compared with the wavelength. It is necessary to stabilize the filter at the frequency band. Therefore, the filter is generally regularized as follows:, (9) where is regularization parameter and is unit matrix. Figure 9 shows the polar patterns and frequency responses with regularization obtained from numerical simulation. Figure10 shows those obtained from measurement. The was determined heuristically. These results show that directivity improves by regularization when there is a sensitivity difference, although the polar patterns become wider compared with those without regularization when there is no sensitivity difference. Regularization is effective in practical cases in which there are likely to be individual differences. 6 Conclusion We proposed a multichannel single-unit microphone using shotgun microphone array. The directivity of a shotgun microphone element becomes sharp as the frequency increases, while it is not sharp enough at low frequency. We applied the directivity control regularized only at low frequency to avoid spatial aliasing. We found that the proposed control algorithm contributes to improving the directivity of practical array microphones even in the case of sensitivity difference. 8
9 FIGURE 9. Frequency responses and polar patterns with regularization from numerical simulation FIGURE 10. Frequency responses and polar patterns with regularization from measurement References [1] K. Hamasaki, T. Nishiguchi, R. Okumura, Y. Nakayama, and A. Ando, "A 22.2 multichannel sound system for ultrahigh-definition TV(UHDTV)," SMPTE J. 117(4), 40-49(2008) [2] K. Ono, T. Nishiguchi, K. Matsui, K. Hamasaki, "Portable spherical microphone for Super Hi-Vision 22.2 multichannel audio,"135th AES convention, Paper Number 8922(2013) 9
Advanced delay-and-sum beamformer with deep neural network
PROCEEDINGS of the 22 nd International Congress on Acoustics Acoustic Array Systems: Paper ICA2016-686 Advanced delay-and-sum beamformer with deep neural network Mitsunori Mizumachi (a), Maya Origuchi
More informationDESIGN OF ROOMS FOR MULTICHANNEL AUDIO MONITORING
DESIGN OF ROOMS FOR MULTICHANNEL AUDIO MONITORING A.VARLA, A. MÄKIVIRTA, I. MARTIKAINEN, M. PILCHNER 1, R. SCHOUSTAL 1, C. ANET Genelec OY, Finland genelec@genelec.com 1 Pilchner Schoustal Inc, Canada
More information19 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID, 2-7 SEPTEMBER 2007 VIRTUAL AUDIO REPRODUCED IN A HEADREST
19 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID, 2-7 SEPTEMBER 2007 VIRTUAL AUDIO REPRODUCED IN A HEADREST PACS: 43.25.Lj M.Jones, S.J.Elliott, T.Takeuchi, J.Beer Institute of Sound and Vibration Research;
More informationModeling Diffraction of an Edge Between Surfaces with Different Materials
Modeling Diffraction of an Edge Between Surfaces with Different Materials Tapio Lokki, Ville Pulkki Helsinki University of Technology Telecommunications Software and Multimedia Laboratory P.O.Box 5400,
More informationUnidirectional Sound Signage for Speech Frequency Range Using Multiple-Loudspeaker Reproduction System
Open Journal of Acoustics, 2013, 3, 120-126 Published Online December 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/oja) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oja.2013.34018 Unidirectional Sound Signage for Speech Frequency
More informationAnalysis of Frontal Localization in Double Layered Loudspeaker Array System
Proceedings of 20th International Congress on Acoustics, ICA 2010 23 27 August 2010, Sydney, Australia Analysis of Frontal Localization in Double Layered Loudspeaker Array System Hyunjoo Chung (1), Sang
More informationConvention Paper Presented at the 130th Convention 2011 May London, UK
Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper Presented at the 130th Convention 2011 May 13 16 London, UK The papers at this Convention have been selected on the basis of a submitted abstract and extended
More informationDISTANCE CODING AND PERFORMANCE OF THE MARK 5 AND ST350 SOUNDFIELD MICROPHONES AND THEIR SUITABILITY FOR AMBISONIC REPRODUCTION
DISTANCE CODING AND PERFORMANCE OF THE MARK 5 AND ST350 SOUNDFIELD MICROPHONES AND THEIR SUITABILITY FOR AMBISONIC REPRODUCTION T Spenceley B Wiggins University of Derby, Derby, UK University of Derby,
More informationMultichannel Audio Technologies. More on Surround Sound Microphone Techniques:
Multichannel Audio Technologies More on Surround Sound Microphone Techniques: In the last lecture we focused on recording for accurate stereophonic imaging using the LCR channels. Today, we look at the
More informationSound source localization accuracy of ambisonic microphone in anechoic conditions
Sound source localization accuracy of ambisonic microphone in anechoic conditions Pawel MALECKI 1 ; 1 AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow, Poland ABSTRACT The paper presents results of determination
More informationPERFORMANCE OF A NEW MEMS MEASUREMENT MICROPHONE AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATION
PERFORMANCE OF A NEW MEMS MEASUREMENT MICROPHONE AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATION R Barham M Goldsmith National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK Teddington, Middlesex, UK 1 INTRODUCTION In deciding
More informationPerceptual effects of visual images on out-of-head localization of sounds produced by binaural recording and reproduction.
Perceptual effects of visual images on out-of-head localization of sounds produced by binaural recording and reproduction Eiichi Miyasaka 1 1 Introduction Large-screen HDTV sets with the screen sizes over
More informationEFFECTS OF PHYSICAL CONFIGURATIONS ON ANC HEADPHONE PERFORMANCE
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL CONFIGURATIONS ON ANC HEADPHONE PERFORMANCE Lifu Wu Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, School of Electronic & Information Engineering, CICAEET, Nanjing, 210044,
More informationAcoustic Yagi Uda Antenna Using Resonance Tubes
Acoustic Yagi Uda Antenna Using Resonance Tubes Yuki TAMURA 1 ; Kohei YATABE 2 ; Yasuhiro OUCHI 3 ; Yasuhiro OIKAWA 4 ; Yoshio YAMASAKI 5 1 5 Waseda University, Japan ABSTRACT A Yagi Uda antenna gets high
More informationMultiple Audio Spots Design Based on Separating Emission of Carrier and Sideband Waves
Multiple Audio Spots Design Based on Separating Emission of Carrier and Sideband Waves Tadashi MATSUI 1 ; Daisuke IKEFUJI 1 ; Masato NAKAYAMA 2 ;Takanobu NISHIURA 2 1 Graduate School of Information Science
More informationApplication Note. StarMIMO. RX Diversity and MIMO OTA Test Range
Application Note StarMIMO RX Diversity and MIMO OTA Test Range Contents Introduction P. 03 StarMIMO setup P. 04 1/ Multi-probe technology P. 05 Cluster vs Multiple Cluster setups Volume vs Number of probes
More informationDigital Loudspeaker Arrays driven by 1-bit signals
Digital Loudspeaer Arrays driven by 1-bit signals Nicolas Alexander Tatlas and John Mourjopoulos Audiogroup, Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering Department, University of Patras, Patras, 265
More informationWIND SPEED ESTIMATION AND WIND-INDUCED NOISE REDUCTION USING A 2-CHANNEL SMALL MICROPHONE ARRAY
INTER-NOISE 216 WIND SPEED ESTIMATION AND WIND-INDUCED NOISE REDUCTION USING A 2-CHANNEL SMALL MICROPHONE ARRAY Shumpei SAKAI 1 ; Tetsuro MURAKAMI 2 ; Naoto SAKATA 3 ; Hirohumi NAKAJIMA 4 ; Kazuhiro NAKADAI
More informationA Low-Power Broad-Bandwidth Noise Cancellation VLSI Circuit Design for In-Ear Headphones
A Low-Power Broad-Bandwidth Noise Cancellation VLSI Circuit Design for In-Ear Headphones Abstract: Conventional active noise cancelling (ANC) headphones often perform well in reducing the lowfrequency
More informationThe development of the SuperCMIT: Digitally Enhanced Shotgun Microphone with Increased Directivity
The development of the SuperCMIT: Digitally Enhanced Shotgun Microphone with Increased Directivity Helmut Wittek 1, Christof Faller 2, Christian Langen 1, Alexis Favrot 2, and Christophe Tournery 2 1 SCHOEPS
More informationSound localization with multi-loudspeakers by usage of a coincident microphone array
PAPER Sound localization with multi-loudspeakers by usage of a coincident microphone array Jun Aoki, Haruhide Hokari and Shoji Shimada Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603 1, Kamitomioka-machi, Nagaoka,
More informationEBU UER. european broadcasting union. Listening conditions for the assessment of sound programme material. Supplement 1.
EBU Tech 3276-E Listening conditions for the assessment of sound programme material Revised May 2004 Multichannel sound EBU UER european broadcasting union Geneva EBU - Listening conditions for the assessment
More informationROOM SHAPE AND SIZE ESTIMATION USING DIRECTIONAL IMPULSE RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS
ROOM SHAPE AND SIZE ESTIMATION USING DIRECTIONAL IMPULSE RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS PACS: 4.55 Br Gunel, Banu Sonic Arts Research Centre (SARC) School of Computer Science Queen s University Belfast Belfast,
More informationEvaluation of a new stereophonic reproduction method with moving sweet spot using a binaural localization model
Evaluation of a new stereophonic reproduction method with moving sweet spot using a binaural localization model Sebastian Merchel and Stephan Groth Chair of Communication Acoustics, Dresden University
More informationDESIGN AND APPLICATION OF DDS-CONTROLLED, CARDIOID LOUDSPEAKER ARRAYS
DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF DDS-CONTROLLED, CARDIOID LOUDSPEAKER ARRAYS Evert Start Duran Audio BV, Zaltbommel, The Netherlands Gerald van Beuningen Duran Audio BV, Zaltbommel, The Netherlands 1 INTRODUCTION
More informationENGINEERING STAFF REPORT. The JBL Model L40 Loudspeaker System. Mark R. Gander, Design Engineer
James B Lansing Sound, Inc, 8500 Balboa Boulevard, Northridge, California 91329 USA ENGINEERING STAFF REPORT The JBL Model L40 Loudspeaker System Author: Mark R. Gander, Design Engineer ENGINEERING STAFF
More informationAudio Engineering Society. Convention Paper. Presented at the 119th Convention 2005 October 7 10 New York, New York USA
P P Harman P P Street, Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper Presented at the 119th Convention 2005 October 7 10 New York, New York USA This convention paper has been reproduced from the author's
More informationAudio Engineering Society. Convention Paper. Presented at the 115th Convention 2003 October New York, New York
Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper Presented at the 115th Convention 2003 October 10 13 New York, New York This convention paper has been reproduced from the author's advance manuscript, without
More informationMEASURING DIRECTIVITIES OF NATURAL SOUND SOURCES WITH A SPHERICAL MICROPHONE ARRAY
AMBISONICS SYMPOSIUM 2009 June 25-27, Graz MEASURING DIRECTIVITIES OF NATURAL SOUND SOURCES WITH A SPHERICAL MICROPHONE ARRAY Martin Pollow, Gottfried Behler, Bruno Masiero Institute of Technical Acoustics,
More informationMeasuring impulse responses containing complete spatial information ABSTRACT
Measuring impulse responses containing complete spatial information Angelo Farina, Paolo Martignon, Andrea Capra, Simone Fontana University of Parma, Industrial Eng. Dept., via delle Scienze 181/A, 43100
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R BR.1384 *, ** Parameters for international exchange of multi-channel sound recordings ***
Rec. ITU-R BR.1384 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BR.1384 *, ** Parameters for international exchange of multi-channel sound recordings *** (Question ITU-R 215/10) (1998) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering
More informationAcoustic Projector Using Directivity Controllable Parametric Loudspeaker Array
Proceedings of 20 th International Congress on Acoustics, ICA 2010 23-27 August 2010, Sydney, Australia Acoustic Projector Using Directivity Controllable Parametric Loudspeaker Array Shigeto Takeoka (1),
More informationA Directional Loudspeaker Array for Surround Sound in Reverberant Rooms
Proceedings of 2th International Congress on Acoustics, ICA 21 23 27 August 21, Sydney, Australia A Directional Loudspeaker Array for Surround Sound in Reverberant Rooms T. Betlehem (1), C. Anderson (2)
More informationDESIGN OF VOICE ALARM SYSTEMS FOR TRAFFIC TUNNELS: OPTIMISATION OF SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY
DESIGN OF VOICE ALARM SYSTEMS FOR TRAFFIC TUNNELS: OPTIMISATION OF SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY Dr.ir. Evert Start Duran Audio BV, Zaltbommel, The Netherlands The design and optimisation of voice alarm (VA)
More informationON THE APPLICABILITY OF DISTRIBUTED MODE LOUDSPEAKER PANELS FOR WAVE FIELD SYNTHESIS BASED SOUND REPRODUCTION
ON THE APPLICABILITY OF DISTRIBUTED MODE LOUDSPEAKER PANELS FOR WAVE FIELD SYNTHESIS BASED SOUND REPRODUCTION Marinus M. Boone and Werner P.J. de Bruijn Delft University of Technology, Laboratory of Acoustical
More information6-channel recording/reproduction system for 3-dimensional auralization of sound fields
Acoust. Sci. & Tech. 23, 2 (2002) TECHNICAL REPORT 6-channel recording/reproduction system for 3-dimensional auralization of sound fields Sakae Yokoyama 1;*, Kanako Ueno 2;{, Shinichi Sakamoto 2;{ and
More informationSimulation and design of a microphone array for beamforming on a moving acoustic source
Simulation and design of a microphone array for beamforming on a moving acoustic source Dick Petersen and Carl Howard School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
More informationThe Steering for Distance Perception with Reflective Audio Spot
Proceedings of 20 th International Congress on Acoustics, ICA 2010 23-27 August 2010, Sydney, Australia The Steering for Perception with Reflective Audio Spot Yutaro Sugibayashi (1), Masanori Morise (2)
More informationThe NEO8 and NEO8 PDR high performance wideband, planar-magnetic transducers
The NEO8 and NEO8 PDR high performance wideband, planar-magnetic transducers The NEO8 and Neo8 PDR are planar-magnetic (ribbon) transducers that use an innovative hightech diaphragm material called Kaladex
More informationStandardization of multi-channel audio with IEC, ITU-R SMPTE and ARIB
Standardization of multi-channel audio with IEC, ITU-R SMPTE and ARIB -22.2 multichannel sound system, Dolby, DTS and other- Tomoyasu Komori NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) 0 Outline 1. Background
More informationImproving room acoustics at low frequencies with multiple loudspeakers and time based room correction
Improving room acoustics at low frequencies with multiple loudspeakers and time based room correction S.B. Nielsen a and A. Celestinos b a Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
More informationTHE USE OF VOLUME VELOCITY SOURCE IN TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS
THE USE OF VOLUME VELOITY SOURE IN TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS N. Møller, S. Gade and J. Hald Brüel & Kjær Sound and Vibration Measurements A/S DK850 Nærum, Denmark nbmoller@bksv.com Abstract In the automotive
More informationCOMPARISON OF MICROPHONE ARRAY GEOMETRIES FOR MULTI-POINT SOUND FIELD REPRODUCTION
COMPARISON OF MICROPHONE ARRAY GEOMETRIES FOR MULTI-POINT SOUND FIELD REPRODUCTION Philip Coleman, Miguel Blanco Galindo, Philip J. B. Jackson Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University
More informationHolographic Measurement of the Acoustical 3D Output by Near Field Scanning by Dave Logan, Wolfgang Klippel, Christian Bellmann, Daniel Knobloch
Holographic Measurement of the Acoustical 3D Output by Near Field Scanning 2015 by Dave Logan, Wolfgang Klippel, Christian Bellmann, Daniel Knobloch LOGAN,NEAR FIELD SCANNING, 1 Introductions LOGAN,NEAR
More informationProceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 2013 http://acousticalsociety.org/ ICA 2013 Montreal Montreal, Canada 2-7 June 2013 Physical Acoustics Session 4aPA: Nonlinear Acoustics I 4aPA8. Radiation
More informationFrom time to time it is useful even for an expert to give a thought to the basics of sound reproduction. For instance, what the stereo is all about?
HIFI FUNDAMENTALS, WHAT THE STEREO IS ALL ABOUT Gradient ltd.1984-2000 From the beginning of Gradient Ltd. some fundamental aspects of loudspeaker design has frequently been questioned by our R&D Director
More informationMicrophone Cartridge Model: MP201
BSWA MICROPHONES Established in 1998, BSWA Technology Co., Ltd is becoming a preferred microphone supplier in China and the world. With the high quality and low price strategy, many OEMs and system integrators
More informationinter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE
Copyright SFA - InterNoise 2000 1 inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering 27-30 August 2000, Nice, FRANCE I-INCE Classification: 6.1 AUDIBILITY OF COMPLEX
More informationUltrasound Physics. History: Ultrasound 2/13/2019. Ultrasound
Ultrasound Physics History: Ultrasound Ultrasound 1942: Dr. Karl Theodore Dussik transmission ultrasound investigation of the brain 1949-51: Holmes and Howry subject submerged in water tank to achieve
More informationConvention e-brief 310
Audio Engineering Society Convention e-brief 310 Presented at the 142nd Convention 2017 May 20 23 Berlin, Germany This Engineering Brief was selected on the basis of a submitted synopsis. The author is
More informationMeasuring Instrument Combinations
PISTONPHONE START/STOP GRP NUM SLM RTA CAL LIGHT STORE MENU 1 FREQ WEIGHT TIME PUSH ON OFF ENT MODE 2 PAUSE/CONT 4 LEVEL 3 POWER PISTONPHONE Measuring Instrument Combinations 1 2 Acoustic Measurement Calibration
More informationAudio Engineering Society. Convention Paper. Presented at the 113th Convention 2002 October 5 8 Los Angeles, California, USA
Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper Presented at the 113th Convention 2002 October 5 8 Los Angeles, California, USA This convention paper has been reproduced from the author's advance manuscript,
More informationMeasurement System for Acoustic Absorption Using the Cepstrum Technique. Abstract. 1. Introduction
The 00 International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering Dearborn, MI, USA. August 9-, 00 Measurement System for Acoustic Absorption Using the Cepstrum Technique E.R. Green Roush Industries
More informationThree-dimensional sound field simulation using the immersive auditory display system Sound Cask for stage acoustics
Stage acoustics: Paper ISMRA2016-34 Three-dimensional sound field simulation using the immersive auditory display system Sound Cask for stage acoustics Kanako Ueno (a), Maori Kobayashi (b), Haruhito Aso
More informationProceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 2013 http://acousticalsociety.org/ ICA 2013 Montreal Montreal, Canada 2-7 June 2013 Signal Processing in Acoustics Session 1pSPa: Nearfield Acoustical Holography
More informationHolographic Measurement of the 3D Sound Field using Near-Field Scanning by Dave Logan, Wolfgang Klippel, Christian Bellmann, Daniel Knobloch
Holographic Measurement of the 3D Sound Field using Near-Field Scanning 2015 by Dave Logan, Wolfgang Klippel, Christian Bellmann, Daniel Knobloch KLIPPEL, WARKWYN: Near field scanning, 1 AGENDA 1. Pros
More informationHigh intensity and low frequency tube sound transmission loss measurements for automotive intake components
High intensity and low frequency tube sound transmission loss measurements for automotive intake components Edward R. Green a) Sound Answers, Inc., 6855 Commerce Boulevard, Canton, Michigan, 48187 USA
More informationMulti-field Microphone when the Sound Field is unknown
Multi-field Microphone when the Sound Field is unknown Svend Gade, Niels V. Bøgholm Brüel & Kjær Sound & Vibration A/S, Skodsborgvej 307 2850 Nærum, Denmark ABSTRACT Only a small percentage of all acoustical
More informationConvention Paper Presented at the 116th Convention 2004 May 8 11 Berlin, Germany
Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper Presented at the 6th Convention 2004 May 8 Berlin, Germany This convention paper has been reproduced from the author's advance manuscript, without editing, corrections,
More informationThe effects of the excitation source directivity on some room acoustic descriptors obtained from impulse response measurements
PROCEEDINGS of the 22 nd International Congress on Acoustics Challenges and Solutions in Acoustical Measurements and Design: Paper ICA2016-484 The effects of the excitation source directivity on some room
More informationValidation of lateral fraction results in room acoustic measurements
Validation of lateral fraction results in room acoustic measurements Daniel PROTHEROE 1 ; Christopher DAY 2 1, 2 Marshall Day Acoustics, New Zealand ABSTRACT The early lateral energy fraction (LF) is one
More informationTHE problem of acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) was
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING, VOL. 13, NO. 6, NOVEMBER 2005 1231 Acoustic Echo Cancellation and Doubletalk Detection Using Estimated Loudspeaker Impulse Responses Per Åhgren Abstract
More informationFREQUENCY RESPONSE AND LATENCY OF MEMS MICROPHONES: THEORY AND PRACTICE
APPLICATION NOTE AN22 FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND LATENCY OF MEMS MICROPHONES: THEORY AND PRACTICE This application note covers engineering details behind the latency of MEMS microphones. Major components of
More informationConvention Paper Presented at the 138th Convention 2015 May 7 10 Warsaw, Poland
Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper Presented at the 38th Convention 25 May 7 Warsaw, Poland This Convention paper was selected based on a submitted abstract and 75-word precis that have been peer
More informationAM404. architectual. Large format mid/high horn. features. applications
features! 40º x 40º large format horn! High SPL mid/high install system! Lightweight composite construction! Port assisted, large format 10" (250mm) mid horn! 1.4" (35mm) exit high frequency horn! Constant
More informationA Road Traffic Noise Evaluation System Considering A Stereoscopic Sound Field UsingVirtual Reality Technology
APCOM & ISCM -4 th December, 03, Singapore A Road Traffic Noise Evaluation System Considering A Stereoscopic Sound Field UsingVirtual Reality Technology *Kou Ejima¹, Kazuo Kashiyama, Masaki Tanigawa and
More informationThe analysis of multi-channel sound reproduction algorithms using HRTF data
The analysis of multichannel sound reproduction algorithms using HRTF data B. Wiggins, I. PatersonStephens, P. Schillebeeckx Processing Applications Research Group University of Derby Derby, United Kingdom
More informationA SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL SYSTEM COMBINED WITH PASSIVE SILENCERS FOR IMPROVED NOISE REDUCTION IN DUCTS SUMMARY INTRODUCTION
A SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL SYSTEM COMBINED WITH PASSIVE SILENCERS FOR IMPROVED NOISE REDUCTION IN DUCTS Martin LARSSON, Sven JOHANSSON, Lars HÅKANSSON, Ingvar CLAESSON Blekinge
More informationDirectivity Controllable Parametric Loudspeaker using Array Control System with High Speed 1-bit Signal Processing
Directivity Controllable Parametric Loudspeaker using Array Control System with High Speed 1-bit Signal Processing Shigeto Takeoka 1 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Shizuoka Institute of Science and
More informationcapsule quality matter? A comparison study between spherical microphone arrays using different
Does capsule quality matter? A comparison study between spherical microphone arrays using different types of omnidirectional capsules Simeon Delikaris-Manias, Vincent Koehl, Mathieu Paquier, Rozenn Nicol,
More informationMicrophone calibration service for airborne ultrasound
Microphone calibration service for airborne ultrasound Christoph KLING Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany ABSTRACT The application of ultrasound techniques is wide-spread in many fields
More informationUniversity of Huddersfield Repository
University of Huddersfield Repository Lee, Hyunkook Capturing and Rendering 360º VR Audio Using Cardioid Microphones Original Citation Lee, Hyunkook (2016) Capturing and Rendering 360º VR Audio Using Cardioid
More informationSound level meter directional response measurement in a simulated free-field
Sound level meter directional response measurement in a simulated free-field Guillaume Goulamhoussen, Richard Wright To cite this version: Guillaume Goulamhoussen, Richard Wright. Sound level meter directional
More informationROOM IMPULSE RESPONSES AS TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL FILTERS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
ROOM IMPULSE RESPONSES AS TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL FILTERS Angelo Farina University of Parma Industrial Engineering Dept., Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43100 Parma, ITALY E-mail: farina@unipr.it ABSTRACT
More informationDesign of a Line Array Point Source Loudspeaker System
Design of a Line Array Point Source Loudspeaker System -by Charlie Hughes 6430 Business Park Loop Road Park City, UT 84098-6121 USA // www.soundtube.com // 435.647.9555 22 May 2013 Charlie Hughes The Design
More informationThe New 8260A Three-Way DSP Loudspeaker System. with Minimum Diffraction Coaxial (MDC ) Technology
The New 8260A Three-Way DSP Loudspeaker System with Minimum Diffraction Coaxial (MDC ) Technology The New 8260A Three-Way DSP Loudspeaker System with Minimum Diffraction Coaxial (MDC ) Technology Masterpiece
More informationFocus-Aid Signal for Super Hi-Vision Cameras
Focus-Aid Signal for Super Hi-Vision Cameras 1. Introduction Super Hi-Vision (SHV) is a next-generation broadcasting system with sixteen times (7,680x4,320) the number of pixels of Hi-Vision. Cameras for
More informationBIG 3 WAY SPEAKER: INTEGRATION OF BASS AND MIDRANGER DRIVERS. 3D Acoustics Research, January
BIG 3 WAY SPEAKER: INTEGRATION OF BASS AND MIDRANGER DRIVERS 1. Introduction 3D Acoustics Research, January 2010 www.3dar.ru In this article we show how 3D Response simulator can be used in low mid frequency
More informationProceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 213 http://acousticalsociety.org/ ICA 213 Montreal Montreal, Canada 2-7 June 213 Signal Processing in Acoustics Session 2aSP: Array Signal Processing for
More informationA SPHERICAL MICROPHONE ARRAY FOR SYNTHESIZING VIRTUAL DIRECTIVE MICROPHONES IN LIVE BROADCASTING AND IN POST PRODUCTION
A SPHERICAL MICROPHONE ARRAY FOR SYNTHESIZING VIRTUAL DIRECTIVE MICROPHONES IN LIVE BROADCASTING AND IN POST PRODUCTION ANGELO FARINA 1, ANDREA CAPRA 1, LORENZO CHIESI 1 AND LEONARDO SCOPECE 2 1 Industrial
More informationAn Enclosure Design for TEBM35C10-4 BMR Loudspeaker Driver
An Enclosure Design for TEBM35C10-4 BMR Loudspeaker Driver Introduction BMR is a patented loudspeaker technology that delivers true full range audio and wide directivity from a single drive unit. This
More informationEQUIVALENT THROAT TECHNOLOGY
EQUIVALENT THROAT TECHNOLOGY Modern audio frequency reproduction systems use transducers to convert electrical energy to acoustical energy. Systems used for the reinforcement of speech and music are referred
More informationInitial laboratory experiments to validate a phase and amplitude gradient estimator method for the calculation of acoustic intensity
Initial laboratory experiments to validate a phase and amplitude gradient estimator method for the calculation of acoustic intensity Darren K. Torrie, Eric B. Whiting, Kent L. Gee, Traciannne B. Neilsen,
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IEC 60268-5 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Edition 3.1 2007-09 Sound system equipment Part 5: Loudspeakers INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 33.160.50 ISBN 2-8318-9286-4 2 60268-5 IEC:2003+A1:2007(E)
More informationTowards an enhanced performance of uniform circular arrays at low frequencies
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Aug 23, 218 Towards an enhanced performance of uniform circular arrays at low frequencies Tiana Roig, Elisabet; Torras Rosell, Antoni; Fernandez Grande, Efren; Jeong, Cheol-Ho;
More informationAcoustics II: Kurt Heutschi recording technique. stereo recording. microphone positioning. surround sound recordings.
demo Acoustics II: recording Kurt Heutschi 2013-01-18 demo Stereo recording: Patent Blumlein, 1931 demo in a real listening experience in a room, different contributions are perceived with directional
More informationMulti-channel Active Control of Axial Cooling Fan Noise
The 2002 International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering Dearborn, MI, USA. August 19-21, 2002 Multi-channel Active Control of Axial Cooling Fan Noise Kent L. Gee and Scott D. Sommerfeldt
More informationImproving Meetings with Microphone Array Algorithms. Ivan Tashev Microsoft Research
Improving Meetings with Microphone Array Algorithms Ivan Tashev Microsoft Research Why microphone arrays? They ensure better sound quality: less noises and reverberation Provide speaker position using
More informationLoudspeaker Data Sheet
Loudspeaker Data Sheet Acoustic Line Seeburg Galeo XT 11/1/08 Audio & Acoustics Consulting Prof. Dr. Anselm Goertz ; Dr. Michael Makarski In der Linen 21, 52134 Herzogenrath-Kohlscheid ; Germany Phone:
More informationMultiple Sound Sources Localization Using Energetic Analysis Method
VOL.3, NO.4, DECEMBER 1 Multiple Sound Sources Localization Using Energetic Analysis Method Hasan Khaddour, Jiří Schimmel Department of Telecommunications FEEC, Brno University of Technology Purkyňova
More informationThe Subjective and Objective. Evaluation of. Room Correction Products
The Subjective and Objective 2003 Consumer Clinic Test Sedan (n=245 Untrained, n=11 trained) Evaluation of 2004 Consumer Clinic Test Sedan (n=310 Untrained, n=9 trained) Room Correction Products Text Text
More informationMonitor Setup Guide The right monitors. The correct setup. Proper sound.
Monitor Setup Guide 2017 The right monitors. The correct setup. Proper sound. Table of contents Genelec Key Technologies 3 What is a monitor? 4 What is a reference monitor? 4 Selecting the correct monitors
More informationSilicon Photonic Device Based on Bragg Grating Waveguide
Silicon Photonic Device Based on Bragg Grating Waveguide Hwee-Gee Teo, 1 Ming-Bin Yu, 1 Guo-Qiang Lo, 1 Kazuhiro Goi, 2 Ken Sakuma, 2 Kensuke Ogawa, 2 Ning Guan, 2 and Yong-Tsong Tan 2 Silicon photonics
More informationSurround: The Current Technological Situation. David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA
Surround: The Current Technological Situation David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA 01730 www.world.std.com/~griesngr There are many open questions 1. What is surround sound 2. Who will listen
More informationVLS 15. Technical Data Sheet. Product description. Features
Product description is a passive column array loudspeaker with a complement of 7 3.5 (89 mm) LF transducers mounted in vertical array with an assembly of densely spaced 8 1 (25 mm) HF transducers mounted
More informationIn situ assessment of the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of asphalt mixtures with a new impedance tube
Invited Paper In situ assessment of the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of asphalt mixtures with a new impedance tube Freitas E. 1, Raimundo I. 1, Inácio O. 2, Pereira P. 1 1 Universidade
More informationAXIHORN CP5TB: HF module for the high definition active loudspeaker system "NIDA Mk1"
CP AUDIO PROJECTS Technical paper #4 AXIHORN CP5TB: HF module for the high definition active loudspeaker system "NIDA Mk1" Ceslovas Paplauskas CP AUDIO PROJECTS 2012 г. More closely examine the work of
More informationAcoustic Calibration Service in Automobile Field at NIM, China
Acoustic Calibration Service in Automobile Field at NIM, China ZHONG Bo National Institute of Metrology, China zhongbo@nim.ac.cn Contents 1 Overview of Calibration Services 2 Anechoic Room Calibration
More informationCADP2 Technical Notes Vol. 1, No 1
CADP Technical Notes Vol. 1, No 1 CADP Design Applications The Average Complex Summation Introduction Before the arrival of commercial computer sound system design programs in 1983, level prediction for
More informationNew transducer technology A.R.T. = Accelerated Ribbon Technology - evolution of the air motion transformer principle
106. AES Convention Munich 1999 Klaus Heinz Berlin New transducer technology A.R.T. = Accelerated Ribbon Technology - evolution of the air motion transformer principle Abstract The paper describes new
More information