Maximizing Spectrum Resources for Public Protection and Disaster Relief

Transcription

1 Maximizing Spectrum Resources for Public Protection and Disaster Relief ETSI Workshop on Reconfigurable Radio Systems 12 December 2012 Fred Frantz Director, National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center () Communications 1

2 Caveats Presentation based on work funded by the U.S. Department of Justice (National Institute of Justice Award # 2010-IJ-CX- K023) Opinions are my own and do not represent positions of the U.S. Department of Justice or Engility Corporation 2

3 Outline National Institute of Justice and background Public safety communications challenges Emerging technologies 3

4 Mission Research, development and evaluation agency of the U.S. Department of Justice Provides objective and independent knowledge and tools to reduce crime and promote justice Focus is on the state and local level 95% of first responders are state & local, 5% are federal State & local are responsible for almost all incident command 4

5 Customers Federal, state, local and tribal criminal justice agencies Nearly 20,000 law enforcement agencies Nearly 4,700 sheriff s departments Nearly 850,000 sworn officers 63 state corrections agencies Nearly 3,000 jails Over 1,000 prisons 430,000 corrections officers Over 400 crime laboratories Courts, probation & parole, etc. Public safety community at-large Policymakers, researchers, the American public 5

6 NIJ Support to Public Safety Communications NIJ actively working on Public Safety Communications President s Wireless Initiative Wireless Spectrum Research & Development Dynamic Spectrum Access Coordination Group NIJ Portfolio Competitively awarded Communications Technology

7 Public Safety Communications Challenges [1/2] Wireless communications depends on spectrum: spectrum is a scarce commodity, and allocations dedicated to public safety are fragmented Transition/convergence of voice systems, including Land Mobile Radio, and broadband systems, including Long Term Evolution (LTE) Two significantly different technologies/markets/standards/etc. today System complexity Public safetys expectations and understanding of communications capabilities and technology is based on limited and anecdotal information

8 Public Safety Communications Challenges [2/2] Public safety has diverse requirements and a fragmented market Governance Traditionally long life cycles for systems and technology refresh Keeping pace with commercial developments is difficult Adversaries technology evolves faster than public safety s Market structure Funding Coverage Standards

9 The Spectrum Challenge Exponential growth in demand for mobile data Across all uses (commercial, PPDR, defense) For PPDR, new data sources and applications being identified almost daily Federal Communications Commission "Mobile Broadband: The Benefits of Additional Spectrum" October

10 Why is it hard? Fragmented Spectrum Commercial Services in wireless broadband spectrum are used by public safety 1 Unlicensed Part 15 bands TV White Space bands Datacasting via Commercial Digital Television (DTV) bands 2 NIJ AID Assault Intervention Device: NTIA Authorization, limited geographically 3 FCC DA granted to ReconRobotics, limited production on 06Feb FCC DA granted to AKELA, Inc. on 09Nov HR3630 final Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of T-band limited geographically, and to be abandoned by 2021, per H.R section # 6103 (Jobs Act) 7 4.9GHz PS allocation topic; via FCC Fourth R&O and Fifth FNPRM in WP Docket , PS Docket , and WT Docket

11 Major U.S. Event 2012 Congress passed PL (Middle Class Tax Act) in February 2012 Allocated 10 MHz for exclusive public safety use for a nationwide broadband data network, coupled with an additional 10 MHz previously allocated Defined a governance structure to buildout and operate network 11

12 Do we have enough spectrum for public safety? National Public Safety Telecommunications Council (NPSTC) conducted detailed study 1 Additional spectrum needed for VHF narrowband channels Additional spectrum needed for interoperability channels 20 MHz broadband data (allocated in February 2012) adequate for daily operations and medium-sized events but not all large-scale incidents Does not account for additional volume of broadband data that is likely to be transmitted to field units as a result of the Next-Generation project. Next generation public safety broadband systems should be designed to automatically assess the available network options and automatically create the needed and approved communications paths. Public safety will have to manage quality of service and priorities within its demands for large-scale incidents. 1 Public Safety Communications Assessment Technology, Operations, & Spectrum Roadmap 12

13 Current activity in public safety spectrum allocations T-Band ( MHz): PL requires public safety agencies to vacate (voice) 4.9 GHz: FCC has opened proceedings including asking whether dedicated public safety spectrum should be opened for nonpublic safety use (data) 13

14 Approaches to meeting the PPDR requirement Need to better understand how broadband data access impacts agency operations Need to develop technologies that allow more effective use of spectrum resources Resource management within a public safety network Access to spectrum outside a public safety network 14

15 Understand how broadband data access impacts agency operations Brookline(MA) Broadband Data Access Operational Evaluation Can a wireless broadband network operating using dedicated 4.9 GHz spectrum bring value to the Brookline, MA Police Department? APPROACH: Initial study of technology implementation and business model Analysis of organizational performance data before and after implementation RELEVANCE: Identify quantitative impact on agency operations of broadband wireless data access lessons learned for FirstNet Identify characteristics of business model

16 Brookline is Unique Advantages Diversity of operations Sustainability Challenges Generalizability of business model? Political culture 16

17 Research Qestions RQ1: How was the broadband network established and implemented? RQ2: How were the primary applications and regional data sharing network established and implemented into the network? RQ3: What is the perceived usefulness of the applications supported by the network to job tasks and responsibilities? RQ4: Does the network enhance police operations and safety? Does the network have any impact on quantitative police metrics relevant to operations?

18 Technology concepts Resource management within a network Cognitive radio Dynamic prioritization leveraging LTE capabilities Role-based reconfiguration Interface with non-first responders 18

19 Technology concepts Accessing additional spectrum Commercial wireless WiFi (offload) TV White Space DTV Datacasting Channel aggregation Complex, real-time decision making relies on reconfigurable and cognitive radios 19

20 TV White Space Unassigned TV Channels they are unoccupied channels in a given area. Many freed as a result of the Digital TV Transition (e.g., in US, UK) Channels vary widely by market few in largest metros, more in small towns/rural areas Useable on an unlicensed basis for broadband applications (e.g., WiFi and as wireless backhaul), narrowband M2M, etc. Both Fixed and Portable. Much lower frequency than current WiFi (below 700 MHz) Signals cover far larger areas than WiFi and penetrate or bend around obstacles (trees, hills, deeper indoors) relative to higher frequencies Lower VHF Upper VHF UHF TV ch TV ch TV ch 7-13 TV ch Public Safety RA 37 TV ch Wireless Mics Fixed TVWS Devices Portable/Personal TVWS Devices Calabrese, M., TV White Spaces: A Geolocation Database Platform to Govern Shared Use Spectrum, ISART, July,

21 DTV Datacasting[1/2] Base data rate is ~19.39Mbps, allocated to TV data streams plus other data streams The base video data stream requirement is based on the broadcast signal type and quality Residual bandwidth allocated through multiplexing of timeslots (time division multiplexing) Overhead data added to facilitate reconstruction of the signals in the receiver, mitigate errors in data stream Services within signal/data stream are broadcast though an embedded broadcast service guide Services can be directed to specific receivers, and ignored by all other receivers 21

22 DTV Datacasting[2/2] All data is transmitted in an IP protocol format. TCP/IP requires a return channel for acknowledgement packets and for flow control, cannot be used. Datacasting data is pushed in bursts without flow control, so heavy (double layers) of forward error control are used to ensure data integrity. Bandwidth overhead tax due to the broadcast nature of the signal. Public Safety datacasting will, through software residing in both the signal source, and the end user device Embed the data Advertize it via the service guide Multiplex/de-multiplex the data Perform error recovery Make the data available to applications suitable for end-user needs 22

23 DTV DatacastingArchitecture 23

24 Channel Bonding Currently working with technology developed under NIJ competitive award to Stevens Institute of Technology Channel bonding of data paths via alternate (& non-contiguous) RF paths to improve throughput (surge capacity) Find alternative spectrum to maintain an active link if a current link degrades or access is pre-empted Facilitate robust communications between nodes by exploiting multi-network diversity Facilitate added security via splitting of data packets between diverse RF paths on separate wireless networks ANY IP path can be included, to include commercial services, Wi-Fi, 4.9GHz and, eventually LTE via the 700MHz public safety nationwide broadband wireless data network 24

25 Channel Bonding Conceptual Architecture 25

26 Wireless Innovation Forum Public Safety Special Interest Group (Chair funded by NIJ under competitively awarded cooperative agreement) Workshops Industry-Public Safety Symposium on SDR Technology (San Jose, CA) Workshop on Public Safety Communications (Mainz, Germany) Public Safety Requirements for SDR (SDR 04 Scottsdale, AZ) Workshop on SDR for Public Safety (SDR 06 Orlando, FL) Workshop on SDR/Cognitive Radio for Public Safety (SDR Washington, DC) Reports SDR Technology for Public Safety Cognitive Use Cases Volume 1 SDR Technologies for the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnership Utilization of SDR Technology for the 700 MHz Public/ Private Partnership Public Safety Radio System Cost Model Cognitive Use Cases Volume 2 Cognitive Radio Technology Survey Identify key benefits / issues of use of SDR in public safety How cognitive radio technology can benefit public safety SDR/CR technology that support shared public/private networks Analyze cost-benefit tradeoffs Roadmap inputs

27 Long-Term Vision [1/2] Ubiquitous managed interoperability Multiband radios LMR LTE Broadband (LTE) and LMR convergence Spectrum utilization optimization and dynamic spectrum access Leverage available spectrum resources (WiFi, TVWS, datacasting) Performance and coverage improvement Cognitive radio applications Mesh network extensions 27

28 Long-Term Vision [2/2] Communications resource management Dynamic prioritization Communicate configuration information Support incident command Role-based radio configuration Rollback and default 28

29 Contacts Fred Frantz, Director +1 (315) // Dr. Nancy Merritt Senior Policy Advisor, National Institute of Justice +1 (202) // Joe Heaps Policy Advisor, Communications and RF Spectrum Issues Office of Science & Technology National Institute of Justice +1 (202) //