Existing and future networks of ionospheric radars in polar regions &
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1 Existing and future networks of ionospheric radars in polar regions & EoI#159:ISPAM EISCAT Scientific Association
2 Existing networks SuperDarn Middle atmosphere radars Incoherent Scatter Radars
3 SuperDARN
4 SuperDARN
5 Highlatitude plasma convection
6 IS Radar Status
7 Basic Incoherent Scatter Range Electrons reflect the pulse. Time High power pulse Very sensitive receiver Other parameters..
8 Other parameters Diagram from SRI: isr.sri.com
9 Millstone Hill Radar
10 EISCAT Scientific Association Sondrestrom Radar
11 EISCAT UHF & VHF
12 EISCAT Svalbard Radar
13 EISCAT 2007+
14 Poker Flat Radar
15 Poker Flat Radar Preliminary data courtesy of SRI
16 International Geophysical Calendar National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Also individual operations and ad hoc collaborations
17 Global, free, data distribution MADRIGAL Free Secure Distributed Providers maintain data directly APIs for web, MATLAB, Python, etc
18 MADRIGAL Data Data available available in in popular popular formats, formats, including including flat flat ASCII ASCII files, files, for for free free download download APIs APIs support support program program access, access, including including support support for for VOs! VOs! Distributed, free, data access system with extensive user and application programming interfaces.
19 Future networks
20 Resolute Bay IS Radar Status, 2008
21 Resolute Bay Radar In time for the IPY
22 ISR coverage at 500km EISCAT Svalbard Radar EISCAT UHF Poker Flat Resolute Bay Sondrestrom Millstone Hill Arecibo Jicamarca Courtesy Craig Heinselman, SRI
23 Not in time for the IPY
24 Present idea of 3D TX/RX configuration A common transmitter facility with RX capabilities: Possible new sites Possible new baseline Transmitter site N E 69.4 N 30 E Close to the present Tromsø (NO) EISCAT site Operating frequency in the ( ) MHz range Power amplifiers utilising VHF TV power FETs Phased-array system with > 16 K elements, P pk > 2 MW Actual antenna configuration and performance TBD >3 outlier, RX-only array modules for interferometry Fully digital, post-sampling beam-forming on receive Comprehensive interferometric capabilities built-in very large receive-only ( remote ) arrays: 68.2 N 14.3 E ~67 N Actual siting TBD, four promising sites investigated... Filled apertures, long enough to provide ~ 1 km beam resolution at E region altitudes above transmitter Medium gain (~ 10 dbi) element antennas Fully digital, post-sampling beam-forming Sufficient local signal processing power to generate at least five simultaneous beams 10 Gb/s connections for data transfer and remote control and monitoring Present idea of the EISCAT 3D system geometry. The central core (denoted by a green filled circle) is assumed to be located near the present Norwegian EISCAT site at Ramfjordmoen. The dashed circle with a radius of approximately 250 km indicates the approximate extent of the central core FOW at 300 km altitude. Receiving sites located near Porjus (Sweden) and Kaamanen (Finland) provide 3D coverage over the ( ) km height range, while two additional sites near Abisko (Sweden) and Masi (Norway) cover the (70-300) km height range.
25 We are not the only ones thinking in this direction (Frank Lind, Millstone Hill)
26 EoI#159:ISPAM
27 Long runs? Incoherent scatter radars have operated exclusively in short campaign modes Advances in reliability and data capacity now allow such restrictions to be eased Such data can now be available effectively continuously 30+ day datasets are available, and much longer datasets are in prospect Incoherent scatter radars provide the most extensive, high quality, calibrated datasets available at fixed points An opportunity for wider use of the data sets in long term studies, modelling, and for atmospheric and space weather now- and forecasting projects
28 Applicability ISR data is reliable, extensive, and well established with routine data distribution ISR data represents the best available point monitoring of the ionosphere including the impact of solar-terrestrial events Applications in modelling (validation and inputs), tides, waves, unusual/rare solar- terrestrial events, statistical studies, etc. Best ideas probably those we have not yet considered
29 Extended Operations Several pre-2001 ~9 day operations 5-23 February 2001 (18 days) EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR)( 4 October 4 November 2002 (31 days) ESR and Millstone Hill ISR 17 May 27 June 2004 (42 days) ESR: 1000 hour run 1-30 September 2005 (30 days; World Day ) ESR & EISCAT UHF Sondrestrom and Millstone Hill 6 March 6 April 2006 (31 days; World Day ) ESR & EISCAT UHF Sondrestrom, Millstone Hill, Poker Flat, Jicamarca, and Arecibo
30 1-30 September 2005 Participating Radars EISCAT Svalbard Radar Sondrestrom Radar EISCAT Tri-static UHF Millstone Hill Radar (16 hr/day) Arecibo Jicamarca Active Active period period adopted adopted by by CAWSES! CAWSES! (Climate (Climate And And Weather Weather of of the the Sun-Earth Sun-Earth System) System)
31 Typical EISCAT Measurements EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) Local three position scan + Interleaved field-aligned km 900km alternating code Full-time plasma line calibration EISCAT UHF radar Local four position scan Local dynasonde calibration Full tri-static velocities km alternating code One minute basic analysis MADRIGAL data distribution
32 Different conditions
33 6 March 6 April 2006 Participating Radars EISCAT Svalbard Radar Sondrestrom Radar EISCAT Tri-static UHF (week days) Poker Flat Radar Millstone Hill Radar (16 hr/day) Arecibo Jicamarca Unusually quiet quiet interval! interval!
34 Tides and Waves ~30 minute waves in the morning sector, visible propagation delay between Longyearbyen and Tromsø Clearly visible tides at both radars with shorter period predominating at Longyearbyen
35 Many days show unusually clear troughs Troughs but not all
36 What will we do for the IPY? We will run the EISCAT Svalbard Radar continuously through the IPY. There will always be background parameters (Ne( Ne,, Te, Ti, Vi) available for all users and studies. We hope to have ~600 hours to run the mainland EISCAT system in burst mode. The Sondrestrom IS radar in Greenland, the Millstone Hill Radar, the Poker Flat radar, and the future Resolute Bay Radar (spring 2008) will also make significant contributions.
37 IPY Radar Operations EISCAT Svalbard Radar operates continuously Millstone Hill, Sondrestrom,, and Poker Flat operate one day every two weeks Profiles of electron density, electron and ion temperature, and line-of of-sight velocity In addition, combined observations use local scans to derive electric fields
38 EISCAT Svalbard Radar First year funded by the Research Council of Norway Minimum of one profile every hour Planned maintenance periods of 8 hours, or less, to be covered by the Sondrestrom Radar Special programmes to include minimum IPY cadence, otherwise covered by Sondrestrom Major breakdowns planned to be cleared in less than one week
39 EISCAT Svalbard Radar New pulse coding covering low altitude to ~500km with improved statistics at low altitudes (first returns at ~40km) Primary observations use 42m, field- aligned antenna with plasma line calibration on the 32m antenna New local area scanning pattern, optimised for minimum antenna stress, for electric field measurements So what will we see?
40 ESR TDIM simulation beginning 1 March 2007 for one year. This plot is for EISCAT at Svalbard The model is computing a vertical profile. F10.7 = 70 Kp = 1 Data courtesy of USU
41 AMISR TDIM simulation beginning 1 March 2007 for one year. This plot is for the Poker Flat radar The model is computing a vertical profile. F10.7 = 70 Kp = 1 Data courtesy of USU
42 International Polar Year Most extensive, and most detailed, dataset describing the polar atmosphere ever collected Invaluable for monitoring, modelling, and basic scientific research Profiles of the density, velocity, and temperatures of the ionosphere between altitudes of about 80 and 500km, with altitude resolutions matching the ionospheric scale heights and time resolutions of the order of a few minutes, or less Analysed and validated data available through distributed, web-based, based, data system (Madrigal( Madrigal) ) and integrated into the ICESTAR data portal Close cooperation with other programmes in the ICESTAR/IHY portfolio Three more things
43 EU FP6 TransNational Access Funding for four introductory offers a year for four years. Package includes help and funding Help covers: Help with experiment planning, preparation, and execution Help with analysis, and preparation for publication Funding covers: Travel to EISCAT and subsistence for one week 24 hours radar observing time Effectively a free refereed publication Next submission deadline: March 2007! Available in all EU and associated countries (except existing EISCAT members) Peer Review Panel, to be performed by the SAC with some formalising of the procedures for Third Party applications
44 International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Call for Proposals for International Teams in Space Science (incl. Geosciences) The International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland, invites proposals from International Teams to conduct on its premises study activities in Space Science (Earth System sciences, Solar and Solar Terrestrial science, Planetary science, Astrobiology, Astrophysics and Fundamental physics), based on the analysis and evaluation of existing data from several spacecraft and eventual integration with ground observations and theoretical models. Teams would typically consist of about members (some could have a few more and some less, to a minimum of 3) and assemble for two/three one-week meetings over months. One Team Leader will take the responsibility for the activity of the Team in all its phases and will ensure the interface with ISSI. Letter of Intent: February 19, 2007 Deadline for proposals: March
45 13th EISCAT Workshop 6-10 August 2007 Åland,, Finland
46 Summary We are all ready to go ISRs provide reliable, extensive, and well established data products with routine data distribution ISR data represents the best available point monitoring of the ionosphere including the impact of solar-terrestrial events Together with other radars, notably the SuperDARN network, these systems represent an essential component of the International Polar Year effort
47 days to go Thank you for your attention Photo: Ingemar Wolf
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