Incoherent Scatter Radars Present, Past and Future. Bob Robinson Geospace Facilities Program National Science Foundation
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1 Incoherent Scatter Radars Present, Past and Future Bob Robinson Geospace Facilities Program National Science Foundation
2 3. It is difficult to imagine an area of space science research that does not benefit from the data provided by the incoherent scatter radars. 2. Because the incoherent scatter radars are able to measure height profiles of the most fundamental ionospheric properties, data from these instruments are used for a broad range of research studies pertaining to the upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. 1. The Geospace Facilities (GF) Program in the Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences at the National Science Foundation (NSF) was created in 1983 to oversee the scientific operation of a network of incoherent scatter radars used to probe the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Geospace Facilities Program
3 NSF Hierarchy Barack Obama NSF Director Computer Sciences Education and Human Resources Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Engineering Math and Physical Sciences Geosciences Biological Sciences Ocean Sciences Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences Earth Sciences Atmospheric Section Geospace Section NCAR and Facilities Section Solar Physics Magnetosheric Physcis Geospace Facilities Aeronomy
4 Goals of the GF Program To ensure that the science undertaken at the GF-sponsored facilities is of the highest quality and is coordinated with the university community to produce a synergistic effect in the advancement of upper atmospheric science; and To ensure that the facilities are maintained as state-of-the-art, cost-effective research tools available to all qualified scientists, and that the data and services provided by the facilities are adequate to meet the community s short- and long-range scientific objectives; To educate the next generation of space scientists in the development, operation, and use of multi-user facilities, leading to the maintenance of a diverse, highly-qualified user base for upper atmospheric research data.
5
6 The NSF Incoherent NSF-supported Scatter ISRs Radar Chain-2007 Chain-2006 AMISR- Resolute Bay (RISR) PFR 2007 PFISR 2007 RISR 2008 Sondrestrom Sondrestrom (SRF) (SRF) SRF SRF AMISRPoker Flat MH MH AO AO AMISRPoker Flat (PFISR) Jicamarca (JRO) Millstone Millstone Hill Hill (MH) (MH) JRO JRO Jicamarca (JRO) Arecibo (AO)
7 A timeline of incoherent events NSF support NSF EISCAT takes Chatanika BillMillstone Gordon Jicamarca Arecibo DNA built builds NSF Stanford takes NSF takes EISCAT of Millstone over Radar moved conceives by MITbuilt Lincoln of built byisr by at over Arecibo radar over UHF radar VHF radar Hill to Radar Jicamarca tobuilt Greenland incoherent Lab NBS DARPA Stanford frommoved DoD Chatanika Built begins scatter Chatanika fromfrom DNANOAA EISCAT Svalbard Radar built 1995 AMISR AMISR is is built built in in Canada Alaska
8 ISR Starts and Stops France: St. Santin, (multistatic) UK: Malvern, (multi-static) MISCAT, Aberystwyth, UK, 1972 (multi-static--first ISR to measure three-dimensional drift velocities) The Upper Atmosphere Observatory (U. S.), planned The Polar Cap Observatory (Canada), planned
9 ISR Deployment Strategies Global coverage for the future Ease and cost-effectiveness in ISR operation Interoperability and commonality in ISR scheduling, operating modes, and data access Global leveraging and coordination
10 How do we know how many observatories are enough? Knowledge of System Number of Observing Sites
11 Where do we need ISRs? Within the polar cap (Resolute Bay) Around the auroral oval (Poker Flat, Sondrestrom, Tromso, Svalbard) Sub-auroral zone (none) Mid-latitude (Millstone, Kharkov) Low latitude (Arecibo) Equator (Jicamarca+one more) Low latitude southern hemisphere (Argentina) Auroral latitude southern hemisphere (McMurdo)
12 Meridian Ring of AMISRs
13 ISR Global Operating Modes Northern Hemisphere Science Mode Southern Hemisphere Science Mode Conjugate Science Mode Equatorial Science Mode Meridional Science Mode Auroral Science Mode Resolute-N Resolute-S Sondrestrom EISCAT Svalbard Other Canada Poker Flat EISCAT Tromso Millstone Arecibo Jicamarca Brazil La Plata Antarctic Peninsula Antarctic Auroral McMurdo Total Panels
14 The NSF Incoherent Scatter Radar Chain-2007 What is the OR: future of ISR? grow The existing chain of radars with the will ability to continue run routinely for to many hours grow with the blossoming of AMISR RBR PFR systems PFR at other locations Sondrestrom (SRF) 200 advanced radiowave and optical 2007 AMISR- Poker Flat AO 1962 MH 1962 JRO Jicamarca (JRO) 1963 SRF AO 1962 JRO 1963 MH 1962 SRF The global chain of ISRs will continue to ISRs of the future will be lower cost, Each ISR site will include a cluster of instrumentation for comprehensive observations of the upper atmosphere The ISR network will be fully integrated, with smart, interactive, autonomous operation Barriers between ISRs will disappear, Millstone Hill (MH) allowing users and students greater versatility, flexibility and ease in conducting experiments Most importantly, the next generation of radar users will be knowledgeable and skilled in all aspects of ISR operation and data analysis, leading to new discoveries and improved Arecibo (AO) capabilities
15 Question What is the most important aspect of incoherent scatter radars that have kept them at the forefront of ionospheric and atmospheric research????
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