3 User Equipment. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 1 of 15

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1 3 User Equipment UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 1 of 15

2 3.1 Introduction (1/2) Introduction (2/2) Properties & Functions (1/3) Properties & Functions (2/3) Properties & Functions (3/3) Multimode User Equipment (1/2) Multimode User Equipment (2/2) Types of User Equipment /1/2) Types of User Equipment (2/2) Baseline Capabilities (1/4) Baseline Capabilities (2/4) Baseline Capabilities (3/4) Baseline Capabilities (4/4)...15 UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 2 of 15

3.1 Introduction (1/2) The new generation of UMTS phones will combine the advantages of wireless communication with the demand for multimedia applications.

3 3.1 Introduction (1/2) The new generation of UMTS phones will combine the advantages of wireless communication with the demand for multimedia applications. The continuous increase in transmission speed will bring enormous progress in data transfer. High definition colour screens will make it very easy to view internet graphics or play realtime video clips. UMTS will integrate state-of-the-art telecommunication technologies. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 3 of 15

3.1 Introduction (2/2) UMTS User Equipments will have to be compatible with more than one standard. This will enable the network operators to offer their customers maximum capacity and radio coverage.

4 3.1 Introduction (2/2) UMTS User Equipments will have to be compatible with more than one standard. This will enable the network operators to offer their customers maximum capacity and radio coverage. The User Equipment will combine 2nd and 3rd generation standards. This means that the network operators will need to provide User Equipments that support systems like GSM and DECT, but also other global standards of the second generation. These User Equipments will have a more complete radio coverage from the start. They will be multi-band and multi-mode, so that they can work with both the old and the new standards. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 4 of 15

3.2 Properties & Functions (1/3) The User Equipments' functionality will not be limited by the UMTS standard. But the following functions will be required.

5 3.2 Properties & Functions (1/3) The User Equipments' functionality will not be limited by the UMTS standard. But the following functions will be required. - a SIM card interface - service provider and network registration/ deregistration - location update - setup of connectionless / connection-oriented services - unalterable equipment identification - basic identification of the User Equipment's capabilities - emergency calls without a SIM - execution of algorithms required for authentication and encryption UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 5 of 15

3.2 Properties & Functions (2/3) A GSM mobile station consists of two components: the Mobile Equipment (ME) and the Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) Another solution would be a mobile station

6 3.2 Properties & Functions (2/3) A GSM mobile station consists of two components: the Mobile Equipment (ME) and the Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) Another solution would be a mobile station with a Mobile Equipment and a SIM, connected to a notebook or an organizer via an interface. Here the mobile equipment would be used only to access the radio network, whereas the computer would be used as a terminal. The interface could be created by equipping the computer with a PCMCIA card. UMTS also allows combinations of a computer, a radio PCMCIA card and an external IC card reader. Here the computer serves as the user interface within the network. The radio PCMCIA card only provides the access to the radio network. An IC card takes over the SIM card functionality, but with a better memory capacity and processor performance. It is connected to the computer via an IC card reader. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 6 of 15

7 3.2 Properties & Functions (3/3) As was said before, UMTS opens a lot of possibilities for the market. It is up to the subscriber, service provider or network operator to decide which combination is suitable for which requirement. To make this possible, the following features will be included: - A mechanism to download service related information, new protocols and even new Application Programming Interfaces (API), to expand the User Equipment's functions and capabilities. - Maintenance of the Virtual Home Environment (VHE) using the same user interface while roaming. - the simultaneous use of more than one SIM card. An example would be a mobile fax machine, where several users can simultaneously insert their IC cards and are thus able to receive faxes. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 7 of 15

3.3 Multimode User Equipment (1/2) Depending on the UMTS network structure and its services, different kinds of UEs will be available: - single-mode FDD - single-mode TDD - dual-mode FDD

8 3.3 Multimode User Equipment (1/2) Depending on the UMTS network structure and its services, different kinds of UEs will be available: - single-mode FDD - single-mode TDD - dual-mode FDD / TDD - dual-mode FDD / another radio system (e.g. GSM) - dual-mode TDD / another radio system - tri-mode FDD/TDD/GSM UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 8 of 15

3.3 Multimode User Equipment (2/2) A multi-mode User Equipment requires at least a radio unit for UMTS and a radio unit for GSM/GPRS, or any other radio system.

9 3.3 Multimode User Equipment (2/2) A multi-mode User Equipment requires at least a radio unit for UMTS and a radio unit for GSM/GPRS, or any other radio system. These radio units are controlled by one common InterWorkingUnit (IWU). The IWU also controls the Man Machine Interface (MMI). The MMI consists of a keypad or a touchscreen, a display and the menu functions for interaction between user and equipment. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 9 of 15

10 3.4 Types of User Equipment /1/2) Four types of user equipments are specified. It makes sense to develop different types of user equipments, because they will correspond to the different requirements of users, network operators and service providers. Type 1 Type 1 consists of more than one single-mode user equipment, e.g. one for UMTS and one for GSM/GPRS, in one shell. The only functionality shared is the Man Machine Interface. Thus the user equipment can only be active in GSM/GPRS or UMTS. This means that simultaneous access to the networks is not possible. Type 2 This type of user equipment resembles type 1. During an active connection, however, it can take measurements in the other mode and send the results to the network. Like type 1, this type does not allow simultaneous connections to different standards. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 10 of 15

3.4 Types of User Equipment (2/2) Type 3 This type of user equipment can hold several connections to different systems at the same time. But only one connection can be active at a time.

11 3.4 Types of User Equipment (2/2) Type 3 This type of user equipment can hold several connections to different systems at the same time. But only one connection can be active at a time. During an active connection to UMTS, for example, the user equipment can receive paging signals from the GSM/GPRS network. The user equipment can thus be registered in different networks at the same time, and can react to incoming signaling messages. Simultaneous traffic is not supported, but sequential data transfer is possible. Type 4 Type 4 user equipment can be logged on to different networks at the same time and react to signaling messages. It also supports simultaneous traffic. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 11 of 15

3.5 Baseline Capabilities (1/4) The Baseline Capabilities describe the functions that are important for switching on a user equipment and for performing its registration in the network.

12 3.5 Baseline Capabilities (1/4) The Baseline Capabilities describe the functions that are important for switching on a user equipment and for performing its registration in the network. In "switched-off" state, the user equipment is switched off, i.e. no 3GPP functions are active. The function "power on status check" activates the 3GPP functions and checks whether the user equipment meets the 3GPP system requirements. Now the user equipment is in the state "status ok to register". It is now able to look for existing networks. If there is no network available, the user equipment will remain in the state "status ok to register". UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 12 of 15

3.5 Baseline Capabilities (2/4) As soon as the User Equipment finds a network, it will switch to the state "network selected". A particular network can now be automatically or manually selected.

13 3.5 Baseline Capabilities (2/4) As soon as the User Equipment finds a network, it will switch to the state "network selected". A particular network can now be automatically or manually selected. The function "select radio access mode/technology" selects the available mode, e.g. UTRA FDD/TDD or GSM/GPRS. This can be done either automatically or manually. Now the User Equipment is in the state "radio access mode/technology selected", i.e. the access mode has now been selected. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 13 of 15

3.5 Baseline Capabilities (3/4) The function "camping on a cell" selects a cell. Now the User Equipment can receive system information from the network.

14 3.5 Baseline Capabilities (3/4) The function "camping on a cell" selects a cell. Now the User Equipment can receive system information from the network. After evaluating the system information, the User Equipment switches to the state "ready to transmit". It can now contact the network. With the function that follows, i.e. "contact network", the User Equipment sends the first message to the network. In the following state, "await network response", the User Equipment waits for a confirmation of the contact by the network. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 14 of 15

3.5 Baseline Capabilities (4/4) After a successful registration has been confirmed, the function "perform registration" takes care of mobility management and GPRS mobility management procedures.

15 3.5 Baseline Capabilities (4/4) After a successful registration has been confirmed, the function "perform registration" takes care of mobility management and GPRS mobility management procedures. These serve for authentication, registration of the User Equipment's location and for checking the User Equipment's capabilities. If the registration fails, the User Equipment returns to "Status OK to register", "Network Selected", or "Radio access mode / technology selected", depending on the reason for the failure. In the state "Ready for service", the User Equipment is ready to send or receive data after a successful registration. To remain in this state, it must periodically inform the network of its location. With the function "Perform de-registration" the User Equipment logs off the network and returns to the "switched off" state. UMTS Basics, Version 3.0 T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH Page 15 of 15

APPLICATION PROGRAMMING: MOBILE COMPUTING [ INEA00112W ] Marek Piasecki PhD Wireless Telecommunication

APPLICATION PROGRAMMING: MOBILE COMPUTING [ INEA00112W ] Marek Piasecki PhD Wireless Telecommunication (W6/2013) What is Wireless Communication? Transmitting/receiving voice and data using electromagnetic