International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

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1 Volume 119 No , ISSN: (on-line version) url: PATIENT HEALTH MONITORING USING REDTACTON IN BIOTELEMETRY APPLICATIONS 1 Mrs. Geetha Bala, Associate Professor Department of ECE, Prince Dr. K. Vasudevan College of Engineering and Technology,Chennai(p.geethabalaece@princedrkvasudevan.com) 2 Mrs. D. Nirmala, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Prince Dr. K. Vasudevan College of Engineering and Technology,Chennai(d.nirmalaece@princedrkvasudevan.com) 3,4,5 S. Chidambaram, K. Manivannakumar, G.Sudhan UG Scholar, Department of ECE, Prince Dr. K. Vasudevan College of Engineering and Technology,Chennai (sudhangopal1296@gmail.com, chidhu96@gmail.com) A Abstract RedTacton is a Human Area Networking technology that uses the surface of the human body for transmitting the information at a high speed. It is completely distinct from wireless and infrared technologies as it uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the human body. A transmission path is created when human body comes in contact with a RedTacton transceiver. Communication is possible using any body surfaces, such as the hands, fingers, arms, feet, face, legs or torso. RedTacton works through shoes and clothing as well. When the human body is not in contact with the transceiver the communication will be terminated. Human body communication (HBC) provides a promising physical layer for wireless body area networks (BANs) in healthcare and medical applications because of its low propagation loss and high security characteristics. In this project, we propose to monitor the patients health monitoring in a hospital. No external devices like Bluetooth, LAN, RF, Zigbee, Wires are used for transmitting the data. Thus reducing the capital or investment cost. I. INTRODUCTION RedTacton is a Human Area Networking technology that uses the surface of the human body for transmitting the information at a high speed.technically, it is completely distinct from wireless and infrared technologies as it uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of human body as medium for transmitting the data. In this paper the RedTacton is used as transmitter as well as receiver for transmitting sensor data between two persons with duplex communication over the human body at a maximum speed of 10 Mbps. information to be exchanged between two transreciever without the need for a server to store or process information. The main function of the redtacton is that the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal will vary according to the changes of a weak electric field. After contact with another RedTacton enabled device, the transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surface of the body. The weak electric fields pass throught the body to a RedTacton receiver. The extent to which the optical properties are changed is detected by laser light, which is then converted to an electrical signal by a detector circuit.receiving data is more complicated because the strength of the electric field involved is so low, hence an booster is used to make the signal intense. RedTacton gets aroud this using a technique called electric field photonics: A laser is passed through an electro-optic crystal, which deflects light differently according to the strength of the field across it. The detector circuit will convert the absorbed light signal into analog signal. III. PROCESSING METHODOLOGY The data transmission over the device is of very low speed at kbps ranges and the distance covered by the circuit is of few centimetres. The proposed system overcomes this by attaining higher data rates with longer distance coverage. II. REDTACTON RedTacton comes from two words Red meaning a warm color to emphasis warm and cordial communication and Tacton means Action triggered by touching. It utilizes a point to point network,known as a Pico net that allows 1269

2 Fig.1 Block diagram for transmission of data through redtacton. A temperature sensor is a device, typically, a thermocouple or Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), that provides for temperature measurement through an electrical signal. A thermocouple (T/C) is made from two dissimilar metals that generate electrical voltage in direct proportion to changes in temperature. An RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) is a variable resistor that will change its electrical resistance in direct proportion to changes in temperature in a precise, repeatable and nearly linear manner. Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heart beat when a finger is placed on it. When the heart beat detector is working, the beat LED flashes in unison with each heart beat. This digital output can be connected to microcontroller directly to measure the Beats per Minute (BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse. Manual blood pressure monitors are costly compared to the digital monitors, but their usage is more difficult. They are also known as aneroid monitors. Sometimes referred to as sphygmomanometer too, the setup includes an arm cuff, squeeze bulb to inflate the cuff, stethoscope and a gauge to measure the blood pressure. Blood pressure is displayed on a dial with a needle. Rising pressure in the cuff makes the needle move clockwise and falling pressure results in anticlockwise movement. The dial markings indicate the pressure level. It is also difficult for a person with hearing issues to hear the heart beat through the stethoscope. IV. REDTACTON TRANSCEIVER The redtacton transmitter is used to send the data from the source to the receiver. A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency. This frequency generated is similar to that of a watches that is made of quartz crystal, that operates and gives signal clock for integrated circuits and to stabilizes frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators, but other piezoelectric materials including polycrystalline ceramics are used in similar circuits. A crystal oscillator, made of quartz crystal, works by being distorted by an electric field and when voltage is given to an electrode near or on the crystal. This effect is known as electrostriction or inverse piezoelectricity. When the field is removed, the quartz oscillates in a frequency and produces an electric field as it returns to its original state. The result is that a quartz crystal acts like an RLC circuit. The Fig.2 shows the Redtacton Transmitter and Receiver block diagram that shows the internal operation that is performed in the redtacton transmitter and the receiver part. The transmitter section consists of a data sense circuit and a transmitter circuit. In the data sense circuit, it gives a control signal to the transmitter circuit as well as the electro optic sensor in the receiver section. When there is an input data to the transmitter circuit the data sense circuit senses the incoming data and sends a control signal to the transmitter circuit which consists of an oscillator that produces a mild electric field that acts as a carrier signal which combines with the data and performs modulation process and sends the signal through the human body. Fig.2 RedTacton transmitter and receiver Block Diagram The redtacton receiver is the device used to receive the electric signal that is passed through the human body as electric field. The electro-optic sensor works on the principle of electro-optic effect which is change in the optical properties of a material in response to an electric field that varies slowly compared with the frequency of light. The electro-optic effect in nonlinear crystals can be used for electric field sensing by polarisation state modulation techniques. In this technique, when an electric field results in polarisation rotation of a laser beam propagating through the electro-optic crystal; through inclusion of polarisers to modulate the light intensity incident on a photodiode, an electric field measurement can be reconstructed from the obtained voltage. As the signals obtained from the crystalline probes are optical, they are inherently resistant to electrical noise pickup, hence can be used for low-noise field measurement even in areas with high levels of electromagnetic noise in the vicinity of the probe. Furthermore, as the polarisation rotation due to the pockets effect scales linearly with electric field, absolute field 1270

3 measurements are obtained, with no need for numerical integration to reconstruct electric fields, as is the case with conventional probes sensitive to the time-derivative of the electric field. V.RESULT AND DISCUSSION The redtacton transmits the message from the sensor to the computer using human as the medium. The human holds the transmitter probe and the receiver probe and the sensor data which is the heartbeat, temperature and the pressure of the patient is sent to the redtacton transmitter and the receiver transmits the data to the computer using the cable. VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT The RedTacton device is designed for monitoring the patient s health conditions without disturbing the patient who are in critical care units. It helps the doctor to monitor the live data of the patient at the time of visit and to direct the nurse or their assistant to monitor and look over the patient. The RedTacton can transmit the data at higher rates. The performance of RedTacton is better as compared to other technologies. It is best to connect network within short distances. There is no any type of problem of hackers as our body itself is the transmission media. Today main issue is speed; it is solved by RedTacton by providing very high speed of 10 Mbps within short distances. The evolution of RedTacton technology is a big achievement, which will likely be targeted for use in applications such as wireless headset, medical application, security applications, and wireless transmission by applying different actions. This could get as simple as two people equipped with RedTacton devices being able to exchange data such as text files as well as business cards just by shaking hands. REFERENCES [1] J. Bae, Cho,H. Lee,K. Song and -J. Yoo, A 0.24-nJ/b wireless body-area-network transceiver with scalable double-fsk modulation, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 47, no. 1, Jan pp [2] J. Bae,H. Cho,H. Lee,K. Song and -J. Yoo, An energyefficient body channel communication based on Maxwell s equations analysis of on-body transmission mechanism, in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Med. Inf. Commun. Technol., 2012, pp [3] R. Bashirullah and C.-M. Tang Channel characterization for galvanic coupled in vivobiomedical devices, in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., 2011, pp [4] M. A. Callejon, D. Naranjo-Hernndez, J. Reina-Tosina, and L. M. Roa, Distributed circuit modeling of galvanic and capacitive coupling for intrabody communication, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 59, no. 11, pp , Nov [5] P. Chen,R. Luo,H. Yang and B. Zhao, All-digital galvanically-coupled BCC receiver resilient to frequency misalignment, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., vol. 11, no. 3, pp , Jun [6] H. Cho et al., A 79 pj/b 80 Mb/s full-duplex transceiver and a 42.5 uw 100 kb/s super-regenerative transceiver for body channel communication, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 51, no. 1, pp , Jan [7] H. Garudadri,P. P. Mercier, and J. Park Channel modeling of miniaturized battery-powered capacitive human body communication systems, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 64, no. 2, pp , Feb [8] Y.X. Guo,J. Sakai,H.-C. Sun, and L.-S. Wu Balun s effect on the measurement of transmission characteristics for intrabody communication channel, in Proc. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Workshop Series RF Wireless Technol. Biomed. Healthcare Appl., 2013, pp [9] C. K. Ho et al., High bandwidth efficiency and low power consumption walsh code implementation methods for body channel communication, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 62, no. 9, pp , Sep [10] M. Jingna,Y. Lian,H. Yang, and B. Zhao The effects of GND electrodes in capacitive-coupling body channel 1271

4 communication, in Proc. IEEE Biomed. Circuits Syst. Conf., 2015, pp [11] Y. Lian,J. Mao,H. Yang, and B. Zhao A self-adaptive body channel communication scheme for backward path loss reduction, in Proc IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., May 2016, pp [12] R. Xu,J. Yuan and H. Zhu Electric-field intrabody communication channel modeling with finite-element method, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 3, pp , Mar

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