FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Transcription

1 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Subject Code Theory per week in one session 60 Full Marks : 100 L T P/S Annual Exam. : Internal Exam. : 20 Rationale and Objective: The study of principles of communication systems leads to study of audio and video systems, line communications and microwave communication systems. The diploma holder in Electronics and Tele-communication Engineering shall find employment in areas of R and D, production servicing and maintenance of various communications. This subject is aimed to impart a basic brief knowledge of modulation, demodulation and multiplexing. S.No. Topics Periods 01 Introduction. 02 Amplitude Modulation. 03 Angle Modulation. 04 Radio Transmitters. 05 Demodulation. 06 Radio Receivers. 07 Pulse Modulation. Total : (60) 1

2 CONTENTS: TOPIC: 01 INTRODUCTION: Communication, Information, Message and Signals Electromagnetic Spectrum Classification of Signals Periodic and non-periodic signals Analog and digital signals Deterministic and random signals The elements of a communication system Modulation Definition Types of Modulation Need of Modulation. TOPIC: 02 AMPLITUDE MODULATION: Definition Expression of AM wave, modulation index, frequency spectrum, bandwidth, power contents of side bands and carrier Generation of AM waves DSB-SC, SSB-SC, ISB and VSB modulation, their comparison and areas of applications Generation of DSB and SSB signals. TOPIC: 03 ANGLE MODULATION: Frequency Modulation Modulation index, frequency deviation, frequency spectrum and bandwidth of FM wave Power contents in FM. 2

3 03.04 Phase Modulation Comparison between AM, FM and PM Need of amplitude limiter, pre-emphasis and de-emphasis Generation of FM waves Reactance tube modulator Varactor diode moulator Armstrong method of FM generation. TOPIC: 04 RADIO TRANSMITTERS: Classification based on power frequency and modulation Block diagram explanation of low-level and high-level AM transmitter AM broadcast transmitter Block diagram explanation of SSB pilot transmitter Independent Side-band (ISB) transmitter Block diagram explanation of reactance tube and Armstrong FM transmitters FM broadcast transmitter monophonic and stereo. TOPIC: 05 DEMODULATION: Definition AM diode detection, diagonal clipping FM detection Foster Selly discriminator Radio detector Phase locked-loop FM demodulation. 3

4 TOPIC: 06 RADIO RECEIVERS: TRF Receiver Sensitivity, selectivity, fidelity and image rejection Super Hetrodyne Receiver Block diagram explanation of AM receiver AM receiver using PLL Block diagram explanation of SSB pilot carrier receiver Noise in AM systems Block diagram explanation of FM receiver Noise in FM systems. TOPIC: 07 PULSE MODULATION: Statement of sampling theorem and elementary idea of sampling frequency for pulse modulation Basic ideas about PAM, PWM and PPM and typical applications Reconstruction of messages Generation of PAM, PWM and PPM signals Demodulation of PAM, PWM and PPM signals Pulse code modulation, basic scheme of PCM system, PCM ecoder and decoder Quantization Concept of Differential PCM (DPCM) Basic principle of Delta modulation (DM), Advantages of DM over PCM system Concept of Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM) 4

5 Books Recommended: 1. Analog Communication System, Tata McGraw - P. Chakrabarti Hill. 2. Electronics Communication, Prentice Hall of India. - Roddy and Coolen 3. Electronics Communication Systems, McGraw Hill. - Kennedy 4. Principles of Communication System, Tata - Taub and Schilling McGraw Hill. 5. Modern Digital and Analog Communication, Oxford - Lathi SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR FINAL EXAMINATION F.M. : 80 Types of Questions DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS Total Marks Test Knowledge Test Skill Test Attitude & Application Objective type (25 %) Short Answer type (25 %) Long Answer type (50 %) Total Marks The above table refers to the annual examinations only. 5

6 DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORKS Subject Code Theory per week in one session 50 Full Marks : 100 L T P/S Annual Exam. : Internal Exam. : 20 Rationale and Objective: This course deals with the advanced digital and data communication techniques beyond the conventional communication and network theorem It involves the use of modem in synchronous and asynchorous data transmission. It encompasses the modern communication network and integrated services like ISDN and Radio Paging along with cellular mobile telephones, fax, electronics exchange etc., so vital for present day communication. The diploma holder in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering shall find employment in areas of R and D, production, servicing and maintenance of various communications. This subject is aimed to impart a basic brief knowledge of Network Theorem too. S.No. Topics Periods 01 Introduction of Data Communication. 02 Information Theory and Coding. 03 Digital Modulation Techniques. 04 UART, USART. 05 Modems. 06 Fiber Optic Communication. 07 Satellite Communication. 08 Network Theorem. 1

7 09 Network Functions and Parameters. 10 Network and Control Considerations. 11 Telemetry. Total : (50) CONTENTS: TOPIC: 01 INTRODUCTION OF DATA COMMUNICATION: Introduction of basic block diagram of digital and data communication systems. Their comparison with analog communication system. TOPIC: 02 INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING: Concept of information, information measure, probability, entropy and Shannan s Theorem Introduction to various common codes 5 bit Baudot code, 7 bit ASCII, ARQ, EBCDIC Error detection and correction coding techniques linear block, codes, Redundancy, Parity, Block Check Character (BCC), Vertical Redundancy Check (VRC), Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC), Hamming Code. TOPIC: 03 DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Basic block diagram and principle of working of the following :- Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) : Interrupted Continuous Wave (ICW), two tone modulation. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK). Phase Shift Keying (PSK). 2

8 TOPIC: 04 UART, USART: Need and function of UART in Communication system Need and function of USART in Communication system. TOPIC: 05 MODEMS: Need and function of modems, mode of modems operation (low speed, medium speed and high speed modems) Modem inter-connection Modem data transmission speed Modem modulation method, modem (RS 32 interface, other interfaces). TOPIC: 06 FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION: Principle of light, transmission in a fiber, numerical operature, step index-graded index fiber, single mode and multi mode propagation, loses in fibers, optical source (light emitting diode, semi conductor laser diode) optical detectors (ph photo diode, PIN photo diode, Avalanche photo diode), Fibre optic Communication links. TOPIC: 07 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION: Communication satellite, Kepler s Laws geo-stationery orbit, power systems, limits of visibility, frequency plans and polarization, transponders, TDMA and FDMA. 3

9 TOPIC: 08 NETWORK THEOREM: Superposition Theorem Millman Theorem Thevenin Theorem Norton Theorem Substitution Theorem; and Compensation Theorem. TOPIC: 09 NETWORK FUNCTIONS AND PARAMETERS: Network function for one-port networks, Poles and Zeros and their significance in network functions, time domain response, criterion for stability from pole and zero plot Short circuit admittance parameters. Open circuit impedance parameters, and transmission parameters. Hybrid parameters. T section representation of two-port networks, Image impedance, Symmetrical networksladder network, bridges-t network, parallel network and lattice network. TOPIC: 10 NETWORK AND CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS: Protocol and their functions Data communication network organization Basic idea of various modes of digital switching- Circuit switching, message switching, packet switching Basic concept of integrated services Digital network (ISDN) Need of ISDN in modern communication Brief idea of ISDN interfaces Basic idea of Local Area Network (LAN) and its various topologies. 4

10 TOPIC: 11 TELEMETRY: Radio telemetry, and its application Block diagram of TDM and FDM. Books Recommended: 1. Information Theory and Communication - Lathi Engineering. 2. Principles of Communication Engineering - Taub and Schilling 3. Communication Systems - Kennedy 4. Network Analysis, Khanna Publishers, Delhi, G. K. Mittal & Ravi Mittal 5. Networks, Lines and Fields, Prentice Hall of India - J. D. Ryder Private Limited, Network Analysis and Synthesis, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi, A. Subba Rao and V. C. Prasad SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR FINAL EXAMINATION F.M. : 80 Types of Questions DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS Total Marks Test Knowledge Test Skill Test Attitude & Application Objective type (25 %) Short Answer type (25 %) Long Answer type (50 %) Total Marks The above table refers to the annual examinations only. 5

11 ELECTIVE ELEMENTS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Subject Code 12310C Theory per week in one session 60 Full Marks : 100 L T P/S Annual Exam. : Internal Exam. : 20 Rationale : Objective: S.No. Topics Periods 01 Communication Satellite. 02 Analog and Digital Signal Transmission. 03 Access Techniques. 04 Satellite Orbits and Inclination. 05 Satellite Systems and Subsystems. Total : (60) 1

12 CONTENTS: TOPIC: 01 COMMUNICATION SATELLITE: General Structure of Satellite Communication System. Active and passive satellites, geo-stationery satellite. Frequency bands for satellite communication Modem and codec. Communication link, elementary considerations in up-linking and down-linking. TOPIC: 02 ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL TRANSMISSION: Frequency division, multiplexing technique. Simple Channel Per Carrier (S C P C) and Compounded Single Side-Band ( C S S B) systems Digital Communication System (block diagram), speed of communication, baud, digital base band signals Digital modulation techniques-amplitude-shift keying, phase-shift keying, quadrature phase-shift keying and binary frequency-shift keying (ASK, PSK, QPSK and BFSK). Elementary consideration for satellite digital link. Time division multiplexing. TOPIC: 03 ACCESS TECHNIQUES: Basic concept(non-mathematical) and principal of working of multiple access techniques, demand assignment multiple access techniques, spread spectrum technique and code division multiple access, random access technique and packet communication. TOPIC: 04 SATELLITE ORBITS AND INCLINATION: Synchronous Orbit, Orbital parameters, satellite location and inclination, look angles, earth coverage, eclipse effects. 2

13 04.02 Satellite placement on geo-stationery orbit, satellite stabilization. TOPIC: 05 SATELLITE SYSTEMS AND SUBSYSTEMS: Satellite subsystems, their functions and important parameters-electric power supply, altitude and orbit control, repeaters, antenna sub-system, telemetry and tracking sub-system, thermal control sub-system Earth, station sub-system-block diagram of transmitter and receiver, antenna and tracking, frequency coordination, Very Small Aperture Terminals and mobile earth station (VSA T, IMMARSAT ) Indian activities in satellite communications-indian satellite Apple & INSATS. Satellite and cable transmission system-concept of cable TV, Community antenna television (CATV), opt ical fibre CATV system, telephone services via satellite. Books Recommended: 1. Satellite Communications, Khanna Publishers, D. C. Agrawal and A. K. Mani SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR FINAL EXAMINATION F.M. : 80 Types of Questions DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS Total Marks Test Knowledge Test Skill Test Attitude & Application Objective type (25 %) Short Answer type (25 %) Long Answer type (50 %) Total Marks The above table refers to the annual examinations only. 3

14 ELECTIVE ELECTRONICS SWITCHING SYSTEMS Subject Code 12310D Theory per week in one session 60 Full Marks : 100 L T P/S Annual Exam. : Internal Exam. : 20 Rationale : Objective: S.No. Topics Periods 01 Introduction. 02 Signaling and Switching Techniques. 03 Switching Arrangement. 04 Switching Networks. 05 Electronic Space Division Switching. 06 Traffic Engineering. 07 Telephone Network Organization. 08 Data Networks. Total : (60) 1

15 CONTENTS: TOPIC: 01 INTRODUCTION: Introduction to switching system; Electronics Switching System (ESS); Computer Communication Network (CCN); types of Switching systems, topology of CCN, centralized switching and hierarchies, functions of telephone switching systems; basic switching centre mode; state transition diagram; resource sharing; introduction to traffic and queuing theory. TOPIC: 02 SIGNALING AND SWITCHING TECHNIQUES: Terminal and local signaling; introduction to manual and automatic switching; switching elements; telephone relays; uni-selectors crossbar switches; time division switches; switching for digital signaling; telephone handset (Brief introduction only). TOPIC: 03 SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT: Single stage and multi-state switching systems; conditional selection; combined step by step and conditional switching. TOPIC: 04 SWITCHING NETWORKS: Single stage, two stage and three stage networks; nonblocking networks; triangular networks and multistage networks; use of mixing stages; network and channel graphs; networks with concentrators. 2

16 TOPIC: 05 ELECTRONIC SPACE DIVISION SWITCHING: Switching centres; Stored Program Control (SP C); centralised SPC; distributed SPC; enhanced service; CPU based exchange. TOPIC: 06 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING: Traffic flow; trafic variation; pure chance traffic; grade of service; arrangement of a cell in a trunk group; sequential; hunting; limited resources with last call cleared; waiting call system; finite capacity queues; limited availability; best grading. TOPIC: 07 TELEPHONE NETWORK ORGANIZATION: Subscriber loop system; switching hierarchy and routing; transmission plan and transmission systems; common channel signaling; cellular mobile telephone. TOPIC: 08 DATA NETWORKS: Data transmission; data communication architecture; link to link and end to end layers; LAN; Data network standards and protocols; ISDN. Books Recommended: 1. Introduction to Exchange System, John Wiley and Sons, Electronic Switching, Elsevier Science Publishers, Telecommunication Switching Principles, Ellen George and Unwin, Principles of Telecommunication Traffic Engineering, Peter Perginus Ltd., T. Flowers. - Grinsec. - M. T. Hills - D. Bear 3

17 SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR FINAL EXAMINATION F.M. : 80 Types of Questions DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS Total Marks Test Knowledge Test Skill Test Attitude & Application Objective type (25 %) Short Answer type (25 %) Long Answer type (50 %) Total Marks The above table refers to the annual examinations only. 4

18 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Subject Code Practical per week in one session 60 Full Marks : 50 L T P/S Annual Exam. : Internal Exam. : 10 Rationale & Objectives : The study of communication systems leads to study of audio and video systems, line communication and microwave communication systems. The diploma holder in Electronics & Tele-communication Engineering shall find employment in areas of R and D, production, servicing and maintenance of various communications. This subject is aimed to impart a basic brief knowledge of modulation, demodulation and multiplexing techniques. CONTENTS S.No. Topics Periods 01 Study of amplitude modulation and demodulation. 02 Study of frequency modulation and demodulation. 03 Study of phase modulation and demodulation. 04 Study of pulse amplitude modulation and demodulation. 05 Study of pulse width modulation and demodulation. 06 Study of phase modulation and demodulation. 07 Study of S. S. B. transmitter. 08 Study of FM stereo transmitter. 1

19 09 Study of AM receiver. 10 Study of S. S. B. receiver. 11 To verify sampling theorem. 12 To observe and note the pulse modulated signals (PAM, PPM, PWM) and compare them with the corresponding analog input signal. 13 To study the process of delta modulation/demodulation. Books Recommended: 1. Analog Communication System, Tata McGraw - P. Chakrabarti Hill. 2. Electronics Communication, Prentice Hall of India. - Roddy and Coolen 3. Electronics Communication Systems, McGraw Hill. - Kennedy 4. Principles of Communication System, Tata - Taub and Schilling McGraw Hill. 5. Modern Digital and Analog Communication, Oxford - Lathi SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR FINAL EXAMINATION F.M. : 40 2

20 DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORKS Subject Code Sessional per week in one session 50 Full Marks : 50 L T P/S Annual Exam. : Internal Exam. : 20 Rationale and Objective: This course deals with the advanced digital and data communication techniques beyond the conventional communication. It involves the use of modem in synchronous and asynchorous data transmission. It encompasses the modern communication network and integrated services like ISDN and Radio Paging along with cellular mobile telephones, fax, electronics exchanes etc., so vital for present day communication. The diploma holder in Electronics and Tele-communication Engineering shall find employment in areas of R and D, production, servicing and maintenance of various communications. CONTENTS S.No. Topics Periods 01 Transmission of Hamming code on a serial link and its reconversion at the receiving end. 02 Observe wave forms at input and output of ASK and FSK modulators and demodulators. 03 To trasmit parallel data on a serial link using USART. 04 Transmission of data using modem. 05 Observe wave forms at input and output of a TDM circuit. 1

21 06 To study the construction and working of a telephone handset. 07 To study the analog link using fibre optics. 08 To study of digital link and TDM using fibre options. 09 To study the bending loses in fibre optics. 10 To measure numeric aperture of fibre. 11 To study manchester coding. 12 Satellite trainer kit exercises. Books Recommended: 1. Information Theory and Communication - Lathi Engineering. 2. Principles of Communication Engineering - Taub and Schilling 3. Communication Systems - Kennedy 2

22 Inplant Training and Visit to Works Subject Code Sessional per week in one session 4 weeks continuous Full Marks : 100 L T P/S Annual Exam. : 60 Internal Exam. : 40 Rationale : A student is required to develop his knowledge skill and attitudes gained while joining through different course. It is desirable to expose the students to the world of work to be familiar with the real life situations and understand the problem there in. The In plant training and visit to work being introduced for the final year diploma technicians for Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering with the above objective in view. This course will help the students to observe how the technical, managerial, quality control safety and other principle, are being applied in real life situation. They will be able to observe the technique of decision making on the shop floor. He will, also be able to observe how his sub-ordinate perform in their day to day work and co-ordinate shop floor activities. The course will also, help bring attitudinal changes in a student. Objective: A student will be able to: Understand the working of the machines, tools and equipments more clearly. Write down the specifications of the machines, tools, equipments. Know the process of material storing / material management. Learn to maintain office records / filing. 1

23 Know the process of planning, implementation and monitoring. Learn the skill shop floor co-ordination. Know the skill of office management and inventory Control. Understand the process of production. Know the skill of quality control. Know the organizational set-up and plant Lay-out. Find out Characteristics, Functions, and activities of those industries. Find out opportunities and method of recruitments. Know the source of raw materials and markets for industries. Find out the special characteristics of the industries. Observe and understand special machines, which they may not have been in their institutes. Observe the energy consumption in on industry method to same energy. Try to learn techniques to save energy. Observe the environment Pollutants and learn how to minimize environmental Pollution. CONTENTS Student should preferably visit and undergo training in the following industries:- S.No. Topics 01 Microwave Tower Stations. 02 Radio Stations. 03 T. V. Stations. 04 Telephone Exchange. 05 Railway Signaling System Station. 06 Wireless Transmission & Distribution System. 07 Any other Industry which may be useful to the electronics Engineering technicians and are comfortably situated. 2

24 REPORT WRITING: A report on In Plant Training should include S.No. Topics 01 Introduction. 02 Plant Lay-out and organization. 03 Planning for Product/Maintenance/Repair. 04 Shop floor training. 05 Testing and quality control facility. 06 Special observations which are special characteristics of the plant viz. material storing etc. 07 Conclusion- - Observations - Typical Characteristics - Area of Weakness - Suggestions SCHEDULE FOR TRAINING: Planning/Office Management - One Week Shop floor - Two Weeks Testing/Quality Control/Stores - One Week 3

25 of Seminar. The report on visit to works should be presented and assessed in the form SCHEME OF EXAMINATION Marks Distribution Internal - 40 % Regularity - 10 % Discipline - 10 % Report - 10 % Viva - 10 % External - 60 % Report/Journal - 20 % Viva - 40 % 4

26 Project Work and its Presentation in Seminar Subject Code Sessional in one session per week Full Marks : 100 L T P/S Annual Exam. : 60 Internal Exam. : 40 Rationale : The Project work and its presentation in seminar is an important subject for a Diploma holder technician of Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering. The course is designed to help a students develop confidence, skill in report writing, skill to analyse, design, estimating and costing, deciding a process etc, the course will also help in developing communication skill, skill of quality documentation. Objective: A student will be able to: Identify a Problem Analyse the Problem Develop logical approach to solution of a Problem. Design of a product Make estimate of materials and processes and calculate the cost of production and decide the price of the product. Manufacture / assemble /fabricate the product in the workshop. Test the product for its quality. Prepare a project report (Computer printed / typed) Present in the form of seminar. 1

27 CONTENTS S.No. Topics 01 To make a bridge rectifier. 02 To make/assemble a voltage stabilizer. 03 To make/assemble stabilizer for refrigerator. 04 To make a timer circuit IC Electronic Regulator for Ceiling Fan. 06 To fabricate a circuit for characteristics for NPN/PNP transistors. 07 Bi-stable Multivibrator 08 Half & Full adder, substractor & Comparator. 09 8:1 Multiplexer. 10 Realising Railway Signaling System. REPORT WRITING: A report must include S.No. Topics 01 Introduction. 02 Design. 03 Estimating of materials. 04 Calculation of cost of the materials. 05 Operation time estimation. 06 Cost of Operation. 07 Process of Manufacture / Assembly / fabrication. 08 List of tools/equipments used with specification. OR A project on live industrial problems that may be 2

28 - Technical - Human Relation - Welfare - Safety - Any other The Project Report should consist of :- 01 Introduction. 02 Problem statement. 03 Background of Industry. 04 Organisational set up. 05 Plant Lay out. 06 Reason for selecting a problem. 07 Analysis of Problem. 08 Probable solution. 09 Best solution possible. 10 Any other. Project work/ project report should be presented in the from of a seminar for developing confidence and communication skill among the students. NOTE:- Project work will be allotted to the students just in the beginning of the session. Each student will be give a separate work under the supervision of a teacher. Total number of students may be divided among the number of teachers available. The teacher concerned will select separate problem for each student under him and allot it to him at the beginning of the session. The work allotted should be completed with in scheduled time. i.e. by the end of the session. Problems selected should preferably conform to the syllabus. If it is outside of the syllabus then it must be within the field of Electronics & Tele-communication Engineering. 3

29 GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY BIHAR, PATNA COURSE OF STUDY FOR PART III Diploma IN Electronics & Tele- Communication Engineering THREE YEARS DIPLOMA COURSE

30 Scheme of Teaching and Examination for 3-years (w. e. f. Session ) of PART-III DIPLOMA in ELECTRONICS & TELE- COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING BRANCH THEORY Sr. No. SUBJECTS SUBJECT CODE TEACHING SCHEME EXAMINATION SCHEME Periods per week Periods in one session (year) Hours of Exam. Terminal Exam. (A) Marks Final Exam. (B) Marks Total Marks (A+B) Pass Marks Final Exam Professional Studies & Entrepreneurship 2. Fundamentals of Communication Engineering 3. Electronics Measurement-II Digital Electronics-II Radio & Telecommunication System Microprocessor & Applications Data Communication & Networks Signal System T. V. Engineering Elective Advanced Microprocessor Advanced Instrumentation & Measurement Element of Satellite Communication Electronic Switching System Microwave Engineering 11310A 11310B 12310C 12310D 11310E Total : Pass Marks in the Subject PRACTICAL Sr. No. SUBJECTS SUBJECT CODE TEACHING SCHEME EXAMINATION SCHEME Periods per week Periods in one session (year) Hours of Exam. Marks Internal Exam. (A) Marks External Exam. (B) Total Marks (A+B) Pass Marks Final Exam Fundamentals of Communication Engineering Lab. 12. Radio & T. V. Engineering Lab Digital Electronics & M. P. Lab Total :- 150 Pass Marks in the Subject (i)

31 Sr. No. SUBJECTS SUBJECT CODE SESSIONAL TEACHING SCHEME EXAMINATION SCHEME Periods per week Periods in one session (year) Marks of Internal Examiner (X) Marks of External Examiner (Y) Total Marks (X+Y) 14. Digital Electronics & M. P. Lab Pass Marks in the Subject 15. Professional Studies & Entrepreneurship 16. Data Communication & Networks Lab. 17. In Plant Training & Visit to Work Project Work & its presentation in Seminar Total :- 350 Total Periods per week 42 Total Marks = 1500 (ii)