High Resolution Spectrometers
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- Loreen Mathews
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1 (Heterodyne Receiver Development) Very strong effort at JPL/CIT SIS mixers up to 1.2 THz (limit ~ 1.6 THz) Solid-state LO s beyond 1.5 THz (JPL) Herschel / HIFI 1.2 THz SIS SOFIA / CASIMIR CSO facility receivers ( GHz) New developments
2 Heterodyne Spectroscopy Microwave output at difference (IF) frequency: ν IF = ν S - ν LO Filterbank, AOS, or correlator measures IF power spectrum Spectral resolution of 10 6 is easy Superconducting mixers / solid-state LO s Quantum Limit to sensitivity: Tn > hf/k
3 But QL is not an issue from the ground:
4 SIS receivers are near quantum limit
5 Basic Principles of SIS mixers SIS: superconducting tunnel junction SIS is a submillimeter photodiode One electron per photon absorbed photon-assisted tunneling e- +V I uperconductor nsulator uperconductor hν hν/e hot cold
6 SIS device fabrication at JPL s MDL
7 Nb sputtering system for SIS trilayer deposition
8 Electron-beam lithography for sub-micron features
9 1.2 THz SIS mixers for HIFI/Herschel SIS A. Karpov, J. Stern, D. Miller, J. Zmuidzinas, F. Rice, H. G. LeDuc, W. Hatch, J. Pearson
10 CASIMIR a GHz SIS Receiver for SOFIA 4 Bands: , , , and GHz First flights in summer 2005 JPL-developed THz multiplier LO
11 CSO Facility Receivers (Kooi et al.) Cover GHz State of the art sensitivity 200 K 810 GHz (quasioptical NbTiN) 4-8 GHz IF upgrades in progress New tunerless mixers in progress Wideband radial waveguide probe design Balanced mixers Dual-beam, dual pol 350 GHz system
12 230 GHz Wideband Receiver System Cryostat Telescope Optics Horn Probe Mixer Chip MMIC LNA GHz LO WASP II Array GHz IF Amp & Downconverters 6-18 GHz IF Synthesized LO
13 15x Frequency Multiplier LO Amplifier 3x Multiplier 5x Multiplier Isolator Amplifier GHz GHz
14 Wideband MMIC IF LNA 3-stage InP HEMT 200 um gate width Inductive feedback JPL/Caltech design Fabricated at TRW R. Hu (U. of Michigan/Caltech), S. Weinreb (JPL)
15 Probe Design: 3D EM Modeling 230 GHz GHz Ansoft HFSS Probe design: 109,000 tetrahedra; 637,000 matrix elements 24 mins/solution using 1.3 GHz Athlon F. Rice, J. Kooi, G. Chattopadhyay, S. Withington
16 RF chip and mixer block Silicon Substrate 25x230x1990 um 200 um Probe Gold beam leads connect niobium ground plane to mixer block DC Blocking Capacitor DC Bias Pad IF Out Pad RF matching network and SIS RF choke IF matching network mixer chip channel waveguide SIS bias board area hole for IF connector F. Rice, M. Sumner
17 SuperMix simulation software Powerful circuit modeling tool: C++ class library 47,000+ lines of code Linear and nonlinear modeling Arbitrarily complex designs Superconducting transmission lines SIS junctions Tucker theory Developed at Caltech, 1997 to present Most powerful tool available for SIS development SuperMix website: Plot shows a comparison of measured data and model results for a 530 GHz receiver 4-slot, 8-junction, balanced mixer 45-port, 2-harmonic simulation F. Rice, J. Ward, G. Chattopadhyay, J. Zmuidzinas
18 Z-Rx and WASPs at the CSO August 2003 Front-end: RF: GHz IF: 6-20 GHz (28 GHz DSB) Downconverter splits IF into 4 sub-bands WASPs nest with GHz WASPs Rice, Sumner, Harris, LeDuc, Zmuidzinas, Blain
19 First-night Z-Rx and WASP spectrum NGC1068 CO(2-1) CSO, Aug. 30, no corrections Rice, Sumner, Harris, LeDuc, Zmuidzinas, Blain
20 SIS-related personnel Mick Edgar Robert Hu Alexandre Karpov Attila Kovacs Jacob Kooi Rick LeDuc Sean Lin David Miller Tom Phillips Frank Rice Jeff Stern Chip Sumner Doug Warden Sandy Weinreb Jonas Zmuidzinas Engineer Ph.D. student Engineer Ph.D. student Engineer JPL Engineer Engineer Professor Staff / Ph.D. student (LOA) JPL (CIT/TGP Ph.D.) Ph.D. student Technician JPL/Caltech Professor SOFIA Instrument Lead MMIC IF amplifier HIFI/Herschel Lead CSO Receivers CSO Receivers Lead Junction fabrication SOFIA Instrument HIFI/Herschel & SOFIA Wideband 230 Rx Junction fabrication CSO & Wideband 230 Rx HIFI/Herschel MMIC IF amplifier
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