Efficient and Effective Usage of Ka-band in Asia-Pacific
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1 Efficient and Effective Usage of Ka-band in Asia-Pacific WEERACHAI TIRANANMONGKOL AVP - Engineering Support THAICOM Public Company Limited, THAILAND ITU Region Seminar for RCC countries on Prospects for use of the Ka-band by satellite communication systems Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, 5 7 September 2012
2 Agenda Advantage & Necessity of Ka-band in Asia- Pacific Technical: Behavior of Ka-band in high-rain zone region Attenuation Mitigation Techniques Ka-band Ground System Implementation Licensing 2
3 ADVANTAGE & NECESSITY OF KA-BAND IN ASIA-PACIFIC
4 Satellites in Asia-Pacific by orbital slots C-band Ku-band Ka-band
5 Advantages of Ka-band Less congestion compare to C and Ku band in this region Wide bandwidth available ( GHz) C-band: Downlink: Uplink: Ku-band: Downlink: Uplink: Ka-Band DOWNLINK: UPLINK: GHz (BW:800MHz) GHz (BW: 875MHz) / / GHz (BW:1.05 GHz) GHz (BW:750 GHz) GHz GHz 5
6 TECHNICAL: BEHAVIOR OF KA-BAND IN HIGH-RAIN ZONE REGION
7 Rain Atten (db) ITU: Rain Attenuation vs. Link availability GW3 Bangkok Freq 12.2 GHz Freq 20 GHz Freq 29.5 GHz Link availability (%) Rain attenuation divided by frequency with same location: Freq 12.2 GHz Max link avail 99.8% = -4 db Freq 20 GHz Max link avail 99.8% = -13 db Freq 29.5 GHz Max link avail 99.8% = -27 db 7
8 Rain Attenuation Measurement: Beacon Receiver GHz, LHCP Beacon Receiver Example of signal strength of beacon level 01/04/ :53: /04/ :53: /04/ :53: /04/ :53: /04/ :53: /04/ :53: /04/ :53: /04/ :53: /04/ :53: /04/ :53: /04/ :53: /04/ :53:
9 99.500% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Attenuation (db) Rain Attenuation ITU vs. Measurement Compare Rain Attenuation between Beacon level records and ITU-R model at Bangkok Main Attenuation ITU-R Rain Attenuation Rain Atten from Measurement (Beacon) Rain Atten from ITU Year 1999 Availabilty (%) 9
10 ATTENUATION MITIGATION TECHNIQUES
11 Key Mitigation Techniques RF Part Uplink Power Control (UPC) Function Site Diversity Switching (DSS) MODEM Part Advanced Coding Technology Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM) 11
12 Power uplink (db) Rain Fade beacon (db) RF Part: UPC function Usually this will be used for the GWs which have plenty of HPA power margin. The system reserves some HPA power as UPC margin in clear sky operation. Uplink power increase from UPC RainFade UPC Gain Beacon signal drop due to rain fade Time (Minutes) 12
13 RF Part: Diversity Site Switching (DSS) Main Site Diversity Site DSS feature allows seamless switching between the main & diversit on the gateway sites All User Terminals are automatically switched without losing connections Without DSS function, average outage during heavy rainfall ~ mins while it is ~5 mins with DSS The DSS feature is now commercially operational & is able to simultaneously switch ~60K concurrent users 13
14 RF Part: Real Time DSS Switchover to Diversity Site Diversity Site Beacon Signal Predefined Threshold Main Site Beacon Signal 14
15 MODEM Part: Advanced Coding Technology Effective error correction coding requires less power to detect signal in noisy environment The minimum requirement is about 0 1 db Effective time adjustment (ACM) to overcome rain depth requires less margin The required margin is about 1-2 db 15
16 MODEM Part: Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) 16
17 KA-BAND GROUND SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
18 Challenges on Ground System Implementation EIRP requirement Service availability Off-the-Shelf RF ground system equipment 18
19 EIRP requirement During early 2000s, not big Ka-Band HPA size with 3GHz wide are available How to achieve high EIRP with this low HPA size? What is for Nowadays HPA sizing? 19
20 Service Availability There is a trade-off between design for higher uplink EIRP and required of site diversity. Optical fiber links are required for diversity sites solution. There is a trade-off between RF site diversity and full system diversity RF site diversity required dark fiber to link between two RF sites and it lead to high operation cost of dark fiber link. Full system diversity required double of baseband and RF ground equipment. Double of CapEx. 20
21 Off-the-Shelf RF ground system equipment Since early 2000s, Ka band is new to satellite communication, then High cost Long lead time Reliability of equipment is yet to be proved. Some frequency bands are not cover by standard offthe-shelf product Standard range that widely available is 27.5 to 30.0 GHZ and GHz Satellite may use frequency range from 27.0 to 31.0 GHz 21
22 LICENSING:
23 Regions and areas 23
24 Ex. Frequency Allocations: ITU vs. Country Region 1 Region 2 Region EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive) EARTH EXPLORATION- FIXED SATELLITE (passive) FIXED EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive) FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-earth) 5.522B FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-earth) 5.522B MOBILE except aeronautical (space-to-earth) 5.516B 5.522B MOBILE except aeronautical mobile MOBILE except aeronautical mobile mobile Space research (passive) SPACE RESEARCH (passive) Space research (passive) 5.522A 5.522C 5.522A 5.522A FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-earth) 5.484A 5.516B (space-to-earth) 5.484A 5.516B (space-to-earth) 5.484A 5.516B Mobile-satellite (space-to-earth) MOBILE-SATELLITE Mobile-satellite (space-to- Earth) (space-to-earth) Allocation to services FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-earth) B 5.523A MOBILE FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-earth) (Earth-to-space) 5.523B 5.523C 5.523D 5.523E MOBILE FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-earth) 5.484A 5.516B MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-earth) FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-earth) MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-earth) Standard frequency and time signal-satellite (space-to-earth) Ka-band frequency (GHz) None FIXED,MOBILE FIXED,MOBILE FIXED,MOBILE FIXED,MOBILE FIXED,MOBILE FIXED,MOBILE FIXED-SATELLITE being share with other services EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE(passive),FIXED,MOBILE except aeronautical mobile,space research(passive) Mobile-satellite FIXED,MOBILE Mobile-satellite FIXED,MOBILE MOBILE-SATELLITE, Standard frequency and time signal FIXED,MOBILE,INTER-SATELLITE fixed,mobile,radiolocation fixed,mobile,radiolocation,earth exploration satellite fixed,mobile,radiolocation,earth exploration satellite Japan Table of Frequency Allocation MOBILE-SATELLITE MOBILE-SATELLITE Earth exploration satellite,mobile-satellite, fixed, mobile,radiolocation Earth exploration satellite,radiolocation Standard frequency and time signal, fixed, mobile 24
25 Problems in getting license Lack of public regulatory information e.g. standard of equipments and services Unclear procedures 25
26 THANK YOU
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