Message points from SARA Active Safety through Automotive UWB Short Range Radar (SRR)

Transcription

1 Message points from SARA Active Safety through Automotive UWB Short Range Radar (SRR) 1. Information about Automotive UWB SRR 2. Worldwide Regulatory Situation 3. Proposals for Japan Dr. Gerhard Rollmann SARA consortium 26 March 07 1 SARA 1

2 1. Information about Automotive UWB SRR Why Automotive 24GHz UWB SRR? Widely independent of adverse weather conditions like rain, snow, fog or soiling of sensors or objects High resolution system is capable of reliable object tracking by using UWB Same sensor can be used for multiple applications (sensing in all directions) Systems/Components are available in the market Low cost radar technology because of widely used technology at 24GHz ISM - band. Higher take rate than ACC alone because of safety benefit. 24GHz UWB SRR -DistronicPlus, - Brake Assist Plus (BAS Plus) -PresafeBrake, 77 GHz (narrow band) - Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Example BAS Plus (*driving simulator study with test subjects) Accident rate* With conventional BAS 44 % With BAS Plus 11% US FCC statement: SRR expected to offer road safety benefits similar to airbags. 24GHz UWB SRR Technology could also contribute to road safety in Japan. 2 24GHz UWB GHz () - Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) * BAS 44 % BAS 11% 2

3 1. Information about Automotive UWB SRR Comparison of Different Sensor Technologies Source: Siemens + Radar is robust and therefore preferred for safety applications : / + : / o : -: / - - : / n.a. : 3

4 1. Information about Automotive UWB SRR Possible Safety Applications based on UWB SRR Precrash Parking aid Blind spot detection Backup parking aid Stop & Go for ACC Rear crash collison warning Collision warning Collision mitigation Blind spot detection Lane change assistent Complete surround sensing up to 30 m with 8 sensors Multiple applications with one kind of sensor possible 4 830m 1 4

5 1. Information about Automotive UWB SRR Bandwidth Requirements for SRR Applications portfolio Min. range in m Max. range in m Relative speed in km/h Distance resolution in m Speed resolution in m/s Horizontal Field of view in deg Vertical Field of view in deg Repetition rate in ms Detection Capacity Frequency band GHz 21-26GHz Parking Aid Plastic tube Motorbike Motorbike Bandwidth 250 MHz 5 GHz Bicycle Pedestrian Plastic tube Resolution R 0.6 m 0.03 m 4-5 GHz operation bandwidth necessary for high local resolution Precrash Blind Spot Stop&Go Pedestrian Protection Back-up aid

6 US: Regulation in force since 02 EU: European Commission approved the allocation in January 05 Australia: regulated in July Worldwide Regulatory Situation 24 GHz UWB SRR Canada: Frequency allocation is expected for beginning of 07. An interim allowance was given to start using vehicles equipped with UWB SRR already in 06. Further countries under discussion (red bullets) ITU allows the usage of quasi MMW band UWB SRR based on national decisions Since cars are offered worldwide, a globally harmonized frequency regulation is very important. Already more than 50 countries over the world have approved 24GHz UWB SRR for contribution to their road safety. Canada even allows the usage before the frequency allocation is finalized. 6 6

7 3. Proposals for Japan Interim Solution at 24 GHz band (Proposal) Frequency band: 24.15GHz +/- 2.5GHz ISM e.i.r.p. Average PSD: below -41.3dBm/MHz e.i.r.p. Peak power: below 0dBm/50MHz Passive services Only automotive purpose UWB Short Range Radar Deactivation area in the vicinity of RAS, protection radius to be defined Frequency (GHz) Time limitation to be defined by prediction of penetration of car fleet If the prediction is up to 1% based on the total number of cars in Japan; (Total number of cars in Japan 79 million cars) x 1% = (790 thousands cars (4 SRR/car in average) x (790 thousands cars) = (3.16 million SRR) (3.16 million SRR) / (Whole area in Japan 380 thousand km 2 ) = (8.3 SRR/km 2 ) Cars with 24 GHz UWB SRR are already on the market in many countries and could contribute to road safety also in Japan right now 7 ISM UWB (GHz) 7

8 3. Proposals for Japan Compatibility study at 24 GHz band Compatibility study of Interim Solution at 24 GHz band (Proposal) Permitted UWB Radar EIRP (ITU-R TG1/8) UWB radar PSD EIRP Required isolation RAS dbm/mhz (SRR/km 2, Spectral observation) 50.0 db EESS dbm/mhz (AMSU-A, 453cars/km 2, 5% apportionment) dbm/mhz 25.3 db FS dbm/mhz (Study Case 2) 0.0 db Mitigation factors Equipped rate 1% 8.3 SRR/km db ( => 8.3 SRR/km 2 ) 23.4 db (453x4 => 8.3 SRR/km 2 ).0 db (% => 1%) Activity factor (ITU-R TG1/8) Specific study Total Margin db db 69.5 db 3.0 db dB 1.1 db db 23.0 db Positive margin shows also for Japan that any risk of harmful interference is negligible. 8 8

9 3. Proposals for Japan Long term Solution at 26 GHz band (Proposal) Frequency band: GHz (upper part of FCC R&O) ISM e.i.r.p. Average PSD: below -41.3dBm/MHz Spurious emissions below GHz Intentional UWB emissions GHz Intentional emissions into the assigned frequency band, ISM guard band will protect passive services, No deactivation for RAS necessary Passive services UWB Short Range Radar Frequency (GHz) Technology available in very few years Long term Solution - no restrictions in time or quantity Any restrictions, especially restrictions in time, could block the technology GHz ISM UWB GHz UWB (GHz) 9

10 3. Proposals for Japan Compatibility study at 26 GHz band (Proposal) Compatibility study of Long term Solution at 26GHz band (Proposal) Permitted UWB Radar EIRP ( ITU-R TG1/8 study case 2) Mitigation factors UWB radar PSD EIRP Required isolation Equipped rate 40 % (ITU TG1-8) Activity factor (ITU-R TG1/8) Total Margin FS dbm/mhz dbm/mhz 0 db 4.0 db (% => 40%) 3.0 db 7.0 db 7.0 db Emissions into the passive band GHz (EESS, RAS) are reduced by at least db due to the frequency shift (spuriousemissions are below dbm/mhz). In comparison to the 24 GHz solution this will result in an additional margin of 4 db (car fleet 1% => 40% =16 db). That means 4 db more conservative for the RAS and EESS compatibility than that of 24GHz band. Positive margin shows that any risk of harmful interference is negligible

11 3. Proposals for Japan Compatibility - Fixed Satellite Service (Earth to Space) Since no real system parameters are available it is straight forward to use EESS compatibility scenario and to adapt the parameters accordingly. RX antenna parameters can be assumed to be similar. 1. FSS operating in a geostationary orbit (~36000km) EESS operating in a low earth orbit (~ km) resulting free space mitigation =log(36000/850)= 32dB Geostationary Orbit 2. FSS Protection criteria defined in ITU-R SA.1155 Interference threshold: -178dBm/Hz EESS Protection criteria defined in ITU-R SA Interference threshold: -219dBm/Hz Resulting mitigation: -178dBm/MHz (-219dBm/MHz)= 41dB Low Earth Orbit h hleo hgeo Total margin compared to EESS scenario around 24GHz: about 73dB 11 EESS 1. FSS (~36000km) EESS (~ km) =log(36000/850)= 32dB Geostationary Orbit 2. ITU-R SA.1155 FSS -178dBm/Hz ITU-R SA EESS -219dBm/Hz -178dBm/MHz (-219dBm/MHz)= 41dB Low Earth Orbit h hleo hgeo 24GHzEESS 73dB 11

12 3. Proposals for Japan Additional allocation of the 79 GHz band General tendency to higher frequencies over time 79 GHz Frequency band is allocated in Europe ETSI standard is in progress SARA members are involved in the development of the 79 GHz technology In the future both technologies 26 and 79 GHz - will be available GHz ETSI SARA79GHz 26GHz79GHz 12

13 3. Proposals for Japan Proposals Start with 24 GHz Cars with 24GHz UWB Short Range Radar are on the market in many foreign countries (in more than 50 countries including Europe and US), and can contribute to road safety also in Japan right now. Flexible Allocation 26 GHz Any intentional emissions into the passive band (EESS and RAS) will be avoided. No deactivation in the vicinity of Radio Astronomy necessary Allocation of 79 GHz Band In future both technologies 26 and 79 GHz - will be available 13 13

14 Thank you for your kind attention 14 14