Real-time Performance Analysis of Mobile Networks for Emerging Services in UMTS/HSDPA. A Thesis Submitted to. University of Technology, Sydney

Transcription

1 Real-time Performance Analysis of Mobile Networks for Emerging Services in UMTS/HSDPA A Thesis Submitted to University of Technology, Sydney by Lu Chen Supervisor: A/Prof. K.umbesan Sandrasegaran March,2011 In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering by Research at Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology, Sydney New South Wales, Australia UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SYDNEY

2 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree and it has not been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the all the contents in this thesis have been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Signature of Candidate

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Kumbesan Sandrasegaran, who inspirited me and offered me the opportunity to conduct this research project in the field of telecommunications. This research work would not have been possible without continuous guidance, encouragement, constructive feedbacks, supervision, knowledge and overall support from him. This research project has helped me tremendously to build my knowledge and background regarding mobile communications. Moreover, it is greatly appreciated that the opportunities he gave me to be a guest lecturer for the subject of 3G Mobile Communication System subject in This preparation and practice of lecturing has helped me in discovering the deficiencies of knowledge. inspired and motivated me of performing responsible studies and research, and also enriched my personal experience. The rigorous scholarship and diligence reflected on Dr. Sandrasegaran have had significant influence on me. My special tha.11ks would go to my research assistant, Mr. Riyaj Basukala, and my colleague Miss Minjie Xue. Mr. Riyaj Basukala has provided practical assistance in carrying out most of the measurements as well as in data analysis work. Moreover, the proofreading work of this thesis has been done by Mr. Basukala, which is very much appreciated. Miss Minjie Xue was generous in sharing her experience and knowledge. The discussions with her were inspirational and pleased. Miss Xue has pai1icipated in the proofreading of this Chapter 2 and Section in this thesis. I would like to extend my thanks to Prof. Robin Braun, Dr. David Davis and Dr. Xiaoying Kong, for their valuable advices on research methodologies. Dr. Kong has also influence me by her positive attitude and great passion to her research work and to life.

4 Many appreciations are paid to the numerous members of support staff who have made the technical and field measurement parts of my work possible.. Special esteem goes to the help and concern from my colleagues at the Centre for Real-Time Information Networks (CRIN), Miss Huda Adibah Mohd Ramli, Mr. Cheng-Chung Lin, Mr. Rachod Patachaianand, Miss Mehrnoush Masihpour, and Miss Samaneh Movassaghi. The friendly and collaborative research atmosphere they created was valuable and appreciated. I would also give my sincere thanks to my friends, Miss Xin Wang and Miss Xu Zhang, who provided me great encouragement as well as beautiful friendship during the pursuit of my ME degree. Finally, with my love and gratitude, I want to dedicate this thesis to my parents who have supported me throughout my study endeavor here in Australia. 11

5 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Whereas the network performance in terms of service capabilities and spectrum efficiency has been significantly improved due to the advanced mobile networks and technologies, the inherent high-interference due to the air interface of the Radio Access Networks (RAN) and varying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements per service per user are continuously challenging the performance of mobile cellular networks. The network performance can be measured and analysed by selected Key Performance Indicators (KPI). To further study mobile network perfom1ance in the context of provisions of services, computer simulations are commonly used for modeling and optimisations. However. the mobile network performance obtained during real-time measurements is very dependent on the particular service, location, network/service providers, infrastructure, user equipment, dynamic change of mobile traffic density and so on, while the simulation environment is largely based on assumptions and simplifications of the real-world scenanos Therefore, this thesis focus on investigating the real-time performance measurements of commercial WCDMA and HSDPA networks for emerging multimedia services, such as video telephony and video streaming. Moreover, this thesis provides the feasibility of using real-time performance measurements as a supplementary research methodology and finally implementing the methodology to make more accurate and realistic MATLAB-based computer simulations for WCDMA and HSDP A RRM functionalities.

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OFT ABLES viii LIST OF EQUATIONS ix ABBREVIATIONS x 1 INTRODUCTION Brief History of Mobile Cellular Networks Services on 30 Mobile Networks Network Performance (NP) and Quality of Service (QoS) Real-time Measurement and Computer-based Simulation Problem Statements and Research Objectives Thesis Overview and Contribution to Knowledge Summary UMTS/HSDP A MOBILE NETWORKS Network Architecture of UMTS WCDMA HSDPA Factors that Affect Mobile NP in UMTS Radio Propagation Interference in UMTS Radio Resources Management (RRM) ljm'fs I--ISDPA Bearer Services and Traffic classes n Summary REAL-TIME MEASUREMENTS IN COMMERCIAL UMTS/HSDPA NETWORKS Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Relative KPI and Absolute KPI Selection of KP Is UE Radio Access Capability \.1easurement Cases Measure1nent Tools Sun1mary PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF REAL-TIME MEASUREMENTS Video Telephony (VT) Impact of Pilot Pollution Skype Voice YouTubeTM Video Streaming l\!ims Sumn1ary COMPUTER-BASED WCDMA/HS PA SIMULATION IN MATLAB SHO Procedure in WCDMA Introduction JV

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Simulator for Soft Handover Function Simulation Validation with Real-time Measurements CQI Reporting in HSDPA CQI Calculation at UE Simulator for CQI reporting and Link Adaptation Simulation Validation with Real-time Measurements Summary CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH WORK Conclusion Original Contributions Future Research Work APPENDICES A. UE RADIO ACCESS CAPABILITY B. MEASUREMENT TOOLS C. COMPUTATION, TRIGGER POINT AND TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF KPI i. Network Parameters [25] (i.e. Service independent KPI) Service QoS parameters BIBLIOGRAPHY v

8 LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Evolution of Mobile Technologies in 3GPP Figure 1-2 Examples of 30 Mobile Applications [3]... 4 Figure 1-3 Cisco Global Mobile Data Traffic Update: Mobile Data Traffic to Surge... 5 Figure 1-4 A Survey in User Willingness of Using Mobile Data Service in A European Country (4) Figure 1-5 Technical and Non-Technical Factors that Affect QoE... 7 Figure 1-6 Terms of QoS Aspects Corresponding to NP [ 6]... 7 Figure 1-7 Scope of QoE, QoS and NP Figure 2-1 UMTS Network Architecture Figure 2-2 Spreading for Single User Figure 2-3 Despreading with Received Signal and Noise plus Interference Figure 2-4 An Example of OVSF Code Tree Figure 2-5 Radio Interface Protocol Architecture Figure 2-6 Uplink: Interference from Other UE's Transmission to the Node B Figure 2-7 Downlink: Interference from Other Node B' s Transmission to the UE (Soft Handover) Figure 2-8 A Simple Example of 'Pilot Pollution' Areas between Cells Figure 2-9 Trade-offs amongst RRM Objectives Figure 2-10 Handover at All Network Levels Figure 2-11 UMTS Bearer Service Architecture [22] Figure 3-1 Two Types of KPI for Live Measurement :r igure 4 l Example of CPlCH Ee/No and RSCP from Video Telephony Test in Real Networks Figure 4-2 Example of UE Uplink Tx Power and Downlink BLER from Video Telephony Test in Real Networks Corresponding to Figure Figure 4-3 Test Path Coloured with Corresponding Best CPICH RSCP value Obtained at UE. (The color set is shown on right-hand side) Figure 4-4 CPI CH Ee/No of Best Received in Active Set and Downlink BLER Degradation while the Number of Pilot Pollution CPICHs Increases Figure 4-5 CPI CH Ee/No of Best Received in Active Set and Downlink BLER Degradation while the Total Level of Pilot Pollution Increases Figure 4-6 The Original Wavefonn of Transmitted Sound (stereo) Figure 4-7 The Waveform of Sound in Transmission in Mobile-to-Mobile Figure 4-8 Waveform of Sound Transmission in Computer-to-Mobile Figure 4-9 Sample of L3/RRC Signalling Message at UE to Initiate A Voice Call Service Figure 4-10 Sample of L3/RRC Signalling Message at UE to Initiate A Skype Voice Call Service Figure 4-11 Examples for the Influence of G-Factor to the Perf01mance of MMS Endto-End Delivery Time Figure 5-1 The General SHO Algorithm in WCDMA Figure 5-2 SHO Measuring and Reporting Procedure Figure 5-3 Actions in Existing SHO Functional Module Figure 5-4 Actions in Modified SHO Functional Module Figure 5-5 Actions in Modified SHO Functional Module Vl

9 ABBREVIATIONS Figure 5-6 SHO Module Verification Test Figure 5-7 Real-time Measurement: Scrambling Codes of Active Set CPICH Figure 5-8 New SHO Simulation: Scrambling Codes of Active Set CPICH Figure 5-9 Active Set Size Distribution in Real-time Measurement and in New SHO Simulation Figure 5-10 CQI Reporting and Link Adaptation Simulation Modules and Verification 90 Figure 5-11 Snapshot of SINR Calculation and CQI Generation from Simulation and Actual CQ I Sent Figure 5-12 Simulated and Measured Throughputs (Operator A) with Their Standard Deviations (Non-optimised) Figure 5-13 Simulated and Measured Instantaneous Throughputs (Operator A) (Optimised) Figure 5-14 Simulated and Measured Mean Throughputs (Operator A) and Standard Deviations (Optimised) Figure 5-15 Simulated and Measured Instantaneous Throughputs (Operator B) (Optimised) Figure 5-16 Simulated and Measured Mean Throughputs (Operator B) and Standard Deviations (Optimised) Vl l

10 LIST OF TABLES LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Uplink DPDCH Symbol and Bit Rates Corresponding to SF [1] Table 2-2 Downlink DCH/DPDCH Symbol and Bit Rates Corresponding to SF [1] Table 2-3 Four Types of Services in UMTS Table 2-4 UMTS QoS Classes and RLC Transfer Mode[lO] Table 3-1 Services/ Applications Used for Measurements Table 3-2 KPI (1): NP Parameters Table 3-3 KPI (2): QoS Parameters Table 3-4 Measurement Cases Table 3-5 Network Features of the Two Operators Table 4-1 Measured KPI Values in VT Table 4-2 Pilot Pollution Criteria Table 4-3 Measured KPI Values in Skype Voice Table 4-4 Inf01mation of You Tube Video Streaming Measurements Table 4-5 Measured KPI Values in YouTube Video Streaming Table 4-6 Measured KPI Values in MMS Table 5-1 SHO Parameters Configured by the Network in A Real-time Measurement (Operator B) Table 5-2 Modifications to the Existing SHO Module in WCDMA Simulator Table 5-3 UE Category 9 CQI Mapping Table (39] Table 5-4 Parameter Settings Required for Simulation Table 5-5 Initial Parameter Settings for Simulation Establishment Table 5-6 Overall Result Obtained in Simulation Establishment and Validation Table A-1 UE Rad_" o Access Capability Table A-2 UE Radio Access Capability Required by the Network via HRC_SET_UP Table B-1 Capabilities of Nemo Handy 3.10 Used in this Research Table B-2 Computer Software Used in this Research VI 1

11 LIST OF EQUATIONS LIST OF EQUATIONS Equation Equation Equation Equation Equation Equation Equation Equation Equation Equation Equation Equation Equatio Equation Equation Equation Equation Equation Equation Eq11ation Equation Equation f~guation E(.1uati<) Equation C Equation C Equation C Eqt1ation C Eqt1ation C Equation C "" Equation C Equation C Equation C Equation C r

12 ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATIONS For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply 16QAM 3G 3GPP ACK AMC BE BER BLER BPSK CCTrCH CDMA CN CPI CH CQI cs DCCH DCH DPCCH DPCH DPDCH Ee/No EDGE FDD FDMA G-factor GPRS GPS GSA GSM HARQ HO HSDPA HS-DPCCH HS-DSCH HSPA HS-SCCH HSUPA 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Third Generation Third Generation Partnership Project Acknowledgements Adaptive Modulation and Coding Best Effort Bit Error Rate Block Error Rate Binary Phase Shift Keying Composite Transport Channel Code Division Multiple Access Core Network Common Pilot Cham1el Channel Quality Indicator Circuit Switched Digital Control Channel Dedicated Transport Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel Received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution Frequency Division Duplex Frequency Division Multiple Access Geometry Factor General Packet Radio Service Global Positioning System Global mobile Suppliers Association Global System for Mobile Communication Hybrid ARQ Handover High Speed Downlink Packet Access High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel High Speed Downlink Shared Channel High Speed Packet Access High Speed Shared Control Channel High Speed Up link Pa ket Access x

13 ABBREVIATIONS IP KPI Ll L3 LOS LTE MAC MAC-hs ME MMS MMSC MO MOS MS MSC MT NACK NON NP NRT OVSF PC P-CPICH PCS PG PoC PS QoE QoS QPSK RAB RAN RB RF RL RLC RMS RRC RRM RSCP RSSI RT Internet Protocol Key Performance Indicator Layer 1 Layer 3 Line-Of-Sight Long Term Evolution Medium Access Control High Speed Medium Access protocol Mobile Equipment Multimedia Messaging Service Multimedia Messaging Centre Mobile Originated Mean Opinion Score Mobile Station Mobile Switching Centre Mobile Terminated Negative Acknowledgements Next Generation Network Network Performance Non-Real Time Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Power Control Primary CPICH Personal Communication Service Processing 'ain Push-to-talk over Cellular Packet Switched Quality of Experience Quality of Service Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Radio Access Bearer Radio Access Networks Radio Bearer Radio Frequency Radio Link Radio Link Control Root Mean Square Radio Resource Control Radio Resource Management Received Signal Code Power Received Signal Strength Indicator Real Time Xll

14 ABBREVIATIONS Rx SDU SF SHO SINR SIR SMS TB TDMA TE TFCI TTI Tx UE UMTS UT RAN VT WAP WCDMA Receive, or Receiver, or Reception Service Data Unit Spreading Factor Soft Handover Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio Signal-to-Interference Ratio Short Message Service Transport Block Division Multiple Access Terminal Equipment Transport Format Combination Indicator Transmission Time Interval Transmit, or Transmitter, or Transmission User Equipment Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Video Telephony Wireless Application Protocol Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Xll l