Last Mile Hazard Informa4on Dissemina4on

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Last Mile Hazard Informa4on Dissemina4on Natasha Udu gama udu gama@lirne.

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1 Last Mile Hazard Informa4on Dissemina4on Natasha Udu gama udu Presenta5on at UN SPIDER Workshop 14 October 2008, Bonn The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again. Special thanks to: Dr. Rohan Samarajiva, LIRNEasia Dr. S. Rangarajan, WorldSpace Pete Anderson, Simon Fraser University The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

2 Presenta4on Overview 2004 Tsunami: The Need and the Response The Role of HazInfo in the Last Mile Contribu5ons of Space based Technology to HazInfo HazInfo Results Future Steps and Challenges

3 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka: Failures of ICT use and of ins4tu4ons Assumed ubiquity and power of ICTs not evident on December 26, : Krakatoa disaster carried by telegraph agencies 2 days later 2004: Destruc5on of Aceh carried by satellite and Internet equipped news organiza5ons 2 hours later News of inunda5on of coastal towns in Southeast Sri Lanka reaches the capital, but is not broadcast; failure to reduce loss of lives on other coasts

4 Warning chain for tsunamis Jan-Apr 2005 focus Jan 2006 onward Hazard detection & monitoring system National warning system Last mile International & regional organizations Government??

5 LIRNEasia s ini4al response Par5cipatory research the develop a concept paper for NEWS:SL, Na5onal Early Warning System: Sri Lanka (January March 2005) Report presented to TAFREN, the government tsunamiresponse authority Findings presented to Presiden5al Commission Lacking trac5on on the government front, decided to focus on the most difficult part of the warning chain in partnership with Sri Lanka s leading communitybased organiza5on, Sarvodaya (226 of its 15,000 villages affected by the tsunami)

6 Scale of the problem Imagine sequen5ally dialing and giving the message to Television channels (7 in Sri Lanka) Radio channels (10+) Telecom operators (8) If each call takes 3 minutes, need 75 minutes for the whole set (leaving aside government first responders) 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami reached Komari/Arugam Bay coastline within 90 mts of earthquake Detec5on monitoring people require 15 mts minimum to issue a warning, so all we have in 75 mts Faster we get the message out, more 5me for people to respond

7 Early warning chain (standard form) Media & Telecom Operators National early warning center First responders Citizens

8 Early warning chain (community based; applicable to Last Mile HazInfo project) National early warning center Media Govt 1 st Responders Emergency Response Plan coordinator ERP1 From domestic & international sources SCDMC ICT Guard ians ERP2 ERP3 Villagers SCDMC will never issue warnings; only alerts so that communities can be better prepared to receive the warning from government ERP4

9 Efficient procedures can improve decision making and avoid bad outcomes Gejng the best possible informa5on to na5onal experts More 5me for experts to consider the op5ons and advise authori5es False warnings can cause Deaths (more than 10 in Sri Lanka in the 2005 evacua5on) Robberies People refusing to evacuate

10 HazInfo Pilot Phase Involved 32 selected tsunami impacted villages from eastern, western, northern and southern coastal areas of Sri Lanka; Tested different combina5ons of ICTs and community mobiliza5on in the par5cipa5ng villages.

11 ICTs used in reaching communi4es CDMA Fixed Phone GSM Mobile Phone Remote Alarm Device Addressable Radios for Emergency Alerts Very Small Aperture Terminals

12 HazInfo Communi4es, Organiza4onal Level and ICT Selec4on With ERP Training No ERP Training Sarvodaya Stage 1, 2, 3 VSAT Urawatha (Galle) AREA + RAD Modarapalla ssa (Hambantot a) MoP Nidavur (Batticalo) AREA + FxP Wathegama North (Matara) FxP Thirukadalar (Trincomal ee) AREA + MoP Palmunnai (Batticalo) AREA Moratuwella (Colombo) Control Village Abeyasinghep ura (Ampara) MoP Meddhawatha (Matara) AREA + RAD Thondamanar (Jaffna) MoP Thambiluvil (Kalmunai) AREA + FxP Karathivu (Kalmunai) FxP Oluville (Kalmunai) AREA + MoP Munnai (Jaffna) AREA Maggona (Kalutara) Control Village Modara (Colombo) Sarvodaya Stage 4 VSAT Modaragama (Hambantot a) AREA + RAD Kalmunai II (Kalmunai) MoP Diyalagoda (Kalutara) AREA + FxP Samudraga ma (Trincomalee FxP Periyakallar (Batticalo) AREA + MoP Valhengoda (Galle) AREA Panama North (Ampara) Control Village Mirissa South (Matara) MoP Satur -kondagnya (Batticallo) AREA + RAD Venamulla (Galle) MoP Samodhagama (Hambantota) AREA + FxP Kottegoda (Matara) FxP Indivinna (Galle) AREA + MoP Thallala South (Matara) AREA Brahamana -wattha (Galle) Control Village Thalpitiya (Kalutara)

13 WorldSpace AREA satellite radios

14 Emergency Alert Delivery through WorldSpace Covers more than 100 countries with one secure uplink Can be addressed by country, group, 5er or even the current loca5on of the receiver Delivered with a latency of less than 10 seconds Automa5cally triggers a siren/alarm whether or not the receiver in use Displays text and automa5cally switches to audio informa5on in local language(s) Caters to diverse requirements/infrastructure ranging from a sophis5cated weather office to a fisherman out at sea Goes beyond conven5onal modes of communica5on and supplements/complements other technologies Survives most hazardous condi5ons & power failures Re used for the daily requirements of the community (entertainment, agriculture, health, training..)

15 Terminal Op4ons AREA Addressable Radio for Emergency Alerts AREA C Audio Alerts for Community Deployment (Remote Loca5ons, Beaches, Community Centers, and Places of Worship) AREA M Alerts for the Mobile User (Trucks, Ships, and Trains) AREA A Audio and Data Alerts for the Computer connected sites (Airports, Harbors, NGOs, and First Responders)

16 WorldSpace Summary The Government Agency responsible for Alert Delivery needs local partners These partners can be NGO s, Private sector or other na5onal organiza5ons (Each country has to choose a model that best suits it) Non alert 5me usage of the system vital not only for the economics, but for the local acceptance & up keep of the system If implemented in a large scale, across mul5ple projects and over a long dura5on, these solu5ons are cost effec5ve Need to bring in regional coopera5on and inter operability Important to adopt CAP and establish a Transmission Hub for all hazards, all media and all loca5ons One point genera5on of the alert and mul5 point mul5ple media dissemina5on is reliable, scalable, sustainable and cost effec5ve.

17 Pilot project results Efficiency of receiving the outputs of hazard detec5on and monitoring system Procedures for authoriza5on of message, if any Efficiency of transmijng message Role of Common Aler5ng Protocol Single input mul5ple output mechanism: SMS module developed for Sahana disaster management somware suite

18 Which technology works best? Eight modes (individual and combined) Reliability and effec5veness (composite measures) Complementary redundancy

19 Community specific Training to supplement technologies and suit roles within HazInfo (i.e. HIH monitors, ICT G, ERP C) Levels of organiza5onal strength Importance of emergency response plans Plan without simula5on is no plan Simula5on without plan cannot be done

20 Sustainable HazInfo Implementa4on How to develop a stable, sustainable system for disaster risk reduc5on, first in coastal areas that are vulnerable to large scale, rapid onset hazards such as cyclones and tsunamis, that can then be extended inland Developing SCDMC capacity and 24/7 HIH opera5ons Absent government funding, need to develop public private models Hotels and Sarvodaya villages are organized communi5es that can provide the base and funding for Con5ngency planning and drills Preparing communi5es to receive government warnings Cer5fica5on of hotels and villages as disaster ready

21 WorldSpace Implementa4on Challenges New Technology Alert Delivery is the responsibility of a government agency and usually that agency has no role or budget for social development Need for coordina5on among Ministries A compara5vely large one 5me investment if it has to scale up to its full poten5al Need owners for the ac5vi5es at non alert 5mes (which is hopefully most of the 5me!) Con5nued training of personnel at the hub as well as in the communi5es Sustainability and upkeep of the system

22 PPP Model in Indonesia Satellite Capacity Commercials Alert Content

23 Stakeholders: Indonesia Re use Strategy Chosen Channel Capacity Alert Content Datacast Content Custodians for Receivers Training & Upkeep HIH Opera4on Datacast for Group of Media Companies WorldSpace BMG (Government) Adver5sers Media companies Private Sector Integrator BMG

24 PPP Model in Bangladesh

25 Stakeholders: Bangladesh Re use Strategy Chosen Channel Capacity Alert Content Audio Content Custodians for Receivers Training & Upkeep HIH Opera4on Audio channel 24 x 7 for use in fishing boats (PFZ, Weather etc.) WorldSpace DMB (Government) Vista Communica5ons (Private Sector) Individuals Vista Communica5ons DMB Trained by Vista and BUET

26 Conclusions HazInfo provides an effec5ve last mile solu5on within a na5onal warning system Space technologies, i.e. WorldSpace satellite radios, can play a significant role given proper funding and implementa5on strategies incorpora5ng appropriate training and par5cipa5on of communi5es Absent government funding, PPP is the answer to effec5ve last mile communica5on with key stakeholders and desired ICTs

Agenda. The disaster cycle. Elements of a community-based warning system*

Agenda. The disaster cycle. Elements of a community-based warning system* Elements of a community-based system* * and its relation to a public system Rohan Samarajiva Presentation at Workshop on Sharing Knowledge 5 March 2008, Jakarta Agenda The disaster cycle and the role of