INTRODUCTION TO REMOTE SENSING AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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2 INTRODUCTION TO REMOTE SENSING AND ITS APPLICATIONS Prof. Dr. Abudeif A. Bakheit Geology Department. Faculty of Science Assiut University
3 This representation was prepared from different power point representations about remote sensing and its applications.
4 What is Remote sensing? The art and science of obtaining information about an object without being in direct contact with the object (Jensen 2000). This is done by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing and applying that information.
5 1- Aerial Photography 2- Multispectral Images 3- Active and Passive Microwave and LIDAR
6 Balloon photography (1858) Pigeon cameras (1903) Kite photography (1890) Aircraft (WWI and WWII) Space (1947) Images: Jensen (2000)
7 NOAA- Resolution:1.1x1.1 km LANDSAT TM - Resolution: 30x30 m IKONOS - Resolution: 1x1 m QUICKBIRD -Resolution: 0.7m x 0.7m
8 NOAA Origin: USA Resolution:1.1x1.1 km (4bands) Temporal Resolution: Twice daily Scale 1:1,000,000 Egypt
9 Landsat-TM7 Origin : USA Resolution: 30x30 m (multispectral) 15x15 m (panchromatic) Temporal Resolution: Every 16 days Scale 1:100,000 1:50,000 Egypt, The Pyramids
10 IKONOS Or igin : USA Resolution: 1x1 m Temporal Resolution: 11 days Scale 1:5,000
11 QuickBird Nationality: USA Resolution: 0.7m x 0.7m Panchromatic Temporal Resolution: 5 days Scale 1:2,500 Alexandria
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13 Image: Bainbridge Island, WA courtesy Pudget Sound LIDAR Consortium, 2005
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15 SRTM Information: 11-day mission, February 2000, collected 80% of the Earth s land surface (60ºN to 56ºS latitude) Products: 30-meter product available for USA areas 90-meter product for USA and non-usa areas Ortho rectified radar images Absolute vertical accuracy specification:16 meters
16 Four Basic Components of a RS System: 1. Radiation source (i.e. the sun, radar) 2.Transmission path (i.e. atmosphere, vegetation canopy) 3. Target (i.e. river, soil) 4.Sensor (i.e. multispectral scanner, photographic film)
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23 SPECTRAL LIBRARIES - ASTER Library, 2000 spectra of minerals, rocks, soils, man-made materials, water and snow: Range of spectra µm. - USGS Spectral Library, 500 minerals and plants: Range of spectra µm.
24 SENSORS Three main types of sensors used Optical (Visible/IR) Radar (Microwave) LiDAR (Mostly NIR) Different types of sensors are: Gamma radiation Aerial photography Multispectral scanners Thermal sensors Microwave sensors Lasers
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28 Source: Jensen (2000) Spatial Resolution
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33 Temporal Resolution July 2 July 18 August 3 16 days Time 11 days July 1 July 12 July 23 August 3
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36 Remote Sensing data costs
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38 IMAGE PROCESSING Three groups of image processing/ analyses activities can be recognized: 1. image rectification (i.e. atmospheric effects, radiometric or geometric distortions etc.) 2. image enhancement (e.g. contrast-, edgeenhancement, color composites or ratio's) 3. information extraction (supervised and unsupervised classification)
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44 UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION -A set of N clusters is arbitrarily located in band space. In some systems, these locations are randomly assigned. -Pixels are then assigned to their nearest cluster location. After all pixels have been assigned, a new mean location is computed. -The last two steps are iteratively repeated until no significant change in output is produced.
45 Remote Sensing applications
46 Remote Sensing applications -Monitoring Changes in Cultivated Lands
47 Remote Sensing applications -Plotting and Updating Maps Egypt, New Cairo
48 Remote Sensing applications الطاي رات الهيكلية والحقيقية
49 Remote Sensing applications في مجال الا رصاد الجوية
50 Remote Sensing applications تسجيل وتتبع العواصف
51 السيول والفيضانات Remote Sensing applications
52 Remote Sensing applications رصد العو اصف الترابية وسحب الدخان
53 Remote Sensing applications -Monitoring Environmental Polluted Areas
54 Remote Sensing applications -Monitoring Sand Dunes Movements
55 Remote Sensing applications -Monitoring Changes in the shore lines Ras Mohamed
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57 Digital product Map Map Image GPS Map Image Text data Tabular data GIS Funnel DATABASE
58 Suggested Texts -Jensen, J. R. 2000: Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective. Prentice-Hall Inc. -Susan,N. U., 2004: Remote sensing for natural resources management and environmental monitoring, J. Wiley. Introduction to Remote Sensing from BEO CD-ROM nl.htm
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