The Hyperspectral Infrared Radiometer (HyspIRI)

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1 The Hyperspectral Infrared Radiometer (HyspIRI) Simon J Hook and The HyspIRI Team *Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology **Goddard Space Flight Center

2 NRD Decadal Survey HyspIRI Mission Concept Visible ShortWave InfraRed (VSWIR) Imaging Spectrometer Multispectral Thermal InfraRed (TIR) Scanner IPM Low Latency Data Map of dominant tree species, Bartlett Forest, NH Soil C:N Ratio White Mountain National Forest, NH

3 HyspIRI Decadal Survey Mission Key Science and Science Applications Climate: Ecosystem biochemistry, condition & feedback; spectral albedo; carbon/dust on snow/ice; biomass burning; evapotranspiration Ecosystems: Global plant functional types, physiological condition, and biochemistry including agricultural lands Fires: Fuel status, fire frequency, severity, emissions, and patterns of recovery globally Coral reef and coastal habitats: Global composition and status Volcanoes: Eruptions, emissions, regional and global impact Geology and resources: Global distributions of surface mineral resources and improved understanding of geology and related hazards Measurement: Imaging Spectrometer (VSWIR) to 2500nm in 10nm bands - 60 m spatial sampling - 19 days revisit - Global land and shallow water Thermal Infrared (TIR): - 8 bands between 4-12 µm - 60 m spatial sampling 1-5 days revisit ; day/night Global land and shallow water IPM-Low Latency data subsets Relative Spectral Response H1 (m21) H2 (m28) H3 (a10) H4 (a11) H5 (a12) H6 H7 H8 (m32) Wavelength (um) Mission Urgency: The HyspIRI science and application objectives are critical today and uniquely addressed by the combined imaging spectroscopy, thermal infrared measurements, and IPM direct broadcast. Ecosystems Fires Evapotranspiration Mission Concept Status: Snow & Volcanoes Coastal Habitats Preliminary Draft Program Level 1 Requirements: Stable Payload: Imaging Spectrometer, Thermal Infrared Imager, and IPM-Low Latency subsets Spacecraft: RFI responses in Payload: TBD - JPL/GSFC concept Launch Vehicle: Small class Launch date: 2020 Mission: Class C, 3-year baseline Trajectory or Orbit: LEO, Sun sync. S/C & Instrument Mass: 686kg (30% margin) S/C & Instrument Power: 708W (45% margin against peak) Mission Cost (FY10 est.): $506M incl. 30% reserve except for LV The HyspIRI mission concept is mature and stable with excellent heritage, low risk and modest cost. (Examples above demonstrate existing capabilities.)

4 HyspIRI Measures the Optical Spectrum HyspIRI VSWIR HyspIRI TIR Solar Radiance (µw/cm 2 /nm/sr) Atmosphere Solar 1.0 Reflectance Earth 300 K, 1.0 Emisivity Earth Radiance (µw/cm 2 /nm/sr) Wavelength (nm)

5 Imaging Spectrometer Measurement Benthic Compositional Mapping Spectral Measurements of Shallow Water Benthic Composition (E. Hochberg, Nova Southeastern University, FL)

6 2010 AVIRIS Image Acquisitions over the Gulf Oil Spill >240 flightlines acquired by AVIRIS between May (prelandfall) and October 2010 Chandeleur Islands Terrebone Bay Baratari a Bay Bird s Foot

7 AVIRIS Measurements of Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Spectral Signature in Gulf Oil Spill Early science results from AVIRIS over the Gulf Oil Spill that show the spectroscopic signature of the crude oil carbon-hydrogen bond absorption features in the near infrared portion of the spectrum. This infrared spectral signature enables estimation of the location, type, and indicates aspects of the thickness of the oil on the water.

8 AVIRIS 17 May 2010, FL11 Blue Water Spill Source Region The spectral signature of the oil measured in the infrared portion of the spectrum enables a new spectroscopically based approach to measure the occurrence, type, and estimate the thickness of oil on the surface of the water.

9 Example AVIRIS Baseline Measurements Along the Gulf Coast AVIRIS imaging spectrometer measurements along the Gulf coast to measure the ecosystem and habitat characteristics and condition before possible oil contamination and impact. The location is near Johnson's Bayou and along the Gulf Beach Highway, between Port Arthur, LA to the west and Cameron, LA to the East. The west corner includes part of the Texas Point National Wildlife Refuge. The 224 wavelengths of light measured by AVIRIS from the visible to infrared are depicted in the top and left panels. The spectrum measured for each point in the image will be used to help assess the characteristics and conditions of the coastal ecosystems and habitats.

10 Possibility of retreating wetland edge because of loss of vegetation Oil coated stems Oil-coated Juncus sharp transition: dead to living healthy vegetation

11 Raymond F. Kokaly, Brady R. Couvillion, JoAnn M. Holloway, Dar A. Roberts, Susan L. Ustin, Seth H. Peterson, Shruti Khanna, Sarai C. Piazza, and George R. Aiken. Spectroscopic remote sensing of the distribution and persistence of oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill in Barataria Bay marshes. (submitted) Spectral features Live and Dry Biomass Oiled Plant Spectra Reflectance (offset) Reflectance (offset) Wavelength(nm) Wavelength(nm) Gray areas show sites for Continuum Removal Analysis

12 Example: Imaging Spectroscopy Mapping Wetland Dominants 2010 LA AVIRIS Vegetation Spectra Vegetation mapped cleanly across scene boundaries Phragmites (phau) Spartina alterniflora (spal) Spartina patens (sppa) Vigna luteola (vilu) D. Roberts, UCSB

13 MESMA vegetation classification of 09/14/10 imagery over Barataria Bay Dar Roberts, UCSB

14 HyspIRI: Coral, Benthic Composition, and Aquatic Vegetation Variation in shallow water HyspIRI-type spectral signatures in coral environments. Variation in HyspIRI-type spectral signatures of floating aquatic vegetation (e.g. Kelp) R rs (sr -1 ) Andros mud, 5.4 m Organic sand, 5.2 m Spare seagrass, 5.5 m Grapestone light, 5.6 m Dense Seagrass, 5.3 m Red macroalgae, 5.6 m Brown macroalgae, 5.3 m Grapestone dark, 5.7 m Variation in shallow water HyspIRI-type spectral signatures in seagrass beds and benthic habitat materials Wavelength (nm) Emergent vegetation signatures are well suited to the HyspIRI measurement. For example mapping in the Gulf of Mexico coastal region with AVIRIS measurements.

15 Just so we don t forget the thermal! ASTER 8/04/2000 ASTER 6/03/2001 ASTER 7/22/2001 ASTER 8/22/2001