Lens Design I. Lecture 5: Advanced handling I Herbert Gross. Summer term
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1 Lens Design I Lecture 5: Advanced handling I Herbert Gross Summer term
2 2 Preliminary Schedule - Lens Design I Basics Properties of optical systems I Properties of optical systems II Properties of optical systems III Introduction, Zemax interface, menues, file handling, preferences, Editors, updates, windows, coordinates, System description, 3D geometry, aperture, field, wavelength Diameters, stop and pupil, vignetting, Layouts, Materials, Glass catalogs, Raytrace, Ray fans and sampling, Footprints Types of surfaces, cardinal elements, lens properties, Imaging, magnification, paraxial approximation and modelling, telecentricity, infinity object distance and afocal image, local/global coordinates Component reversal, system insertion, scaling of systems, aspheres, gratings and diffractive surfaces, gradient media, solves Advanced handling I Miscellaneous, fold mirror, universal plot, slider, multiconfiguration, lens catalogs Aberrations I Representation of geometrical aberrations, Spot diagram, Transverse aberration diagrams, Aberration expansions, Primary aberrations Aberrations II Wave aberrations, Zernike polynomials, measurement of quality Aberrations III Point spread function, Optical transfer function Optimization I Optimization II (subs/shift) Advanced handling II Principles of nonlinear optimization, Optimization in optical design, general process, optimization in Zemax Initial systems, special issues, sensitivity of variables in optical systems, global optimization methods System merging, ray aiming, moving stop, double pass, IO of data, stock lens matching Correction I Correction II Symmetry principle, lens bending, correcting spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, field curvature, chromatical correction Field lenses, stop position influence, retrofocus and telephoto setup, aspheres and higher orders, freeform systems, miscellaneous
3 3 Contents 1. Miscellaneous 2. Graphical options 3. Multi-configuration 4. Lens catalogs
4 4 Special Infinity Cases Object in infinity - incoming marginal ray parallel to axis - first distance infinity - off-axis field only as angle - no initial NA possible Image in infinity - outgoing marginal ray ideally parallel to axis - explicit declaration: afocal image space - geometrical aberrations as angles - wave aberration reference is plane wave - definition of Airy diameter in mrad Entrance pupil in infinity - incoming chief ray parallel to axis - explicit declaration: telecentric object space Exit pupil in infinity - outgoing chief ray ideally parallel to axis
5 5 Modifications and System Setups System changes: Tilt/Decenter Elements Reverse Elements Scale Lens Make Focal Add Fold Mirror Delete Double Pass Local to Global Global to Local Convert Semi-Diameters to Circular Apertures Convert Semi-Diameters to Floating Apertures Convert Semi-Diameters to Maximum Apertures Remove All Apertures Replace Vignetting With Apertures
6 6 Quick Focus Option In the menue TOOLS DESIGN QUICK FOCUS we have the opportunity to adjust the image location according to the criteria 1. Spot diameter 2. Wavefront rms 3. Angle radius IN principle, this option is a simplified optimization Example: find the best image plane of a single lens Spot before and after performing the optimal focussing
7 7 Slider Slider option in menue: Tools / Miscellaneous / Slider Dependence of chosen window output as a function of a varying parameter Automatic scan or manual adjustment possible
8 8 Quick Adjust Option In the menue TOOLS DESIGN QUICK ADJUST we have the opportunity to adjust 1. one thickness 2. one radius similar to the quick focus function some where in the system. But: the effect is iterative, in case of nonlinearities, some calls are necessary Special application: adjust the air distance before a collimation lens to get the best collimation As criteria, wavefroint, spot diameter of angular radius ar possible Example: Move a lens in between a system to focus the image Spots before and after thew adjustment
9 9 Multi Configuration Multi configuration editor Establishment of different system paths or configurations Toggle between configurations with CNTR A Examples: 1. Zoom systems, lenses moved 2. Scan systems, mirror rotated 3. Switchable optics, components considered / not taken into account 4. Interferometer, test and reference arm 5. Camera with different object distances 6. Microscope tube system for several objective lenses In the multi configuration editor, the parameters / differences must be defined Many output options and the optimization can take all configurations into account Special option: showallconfiguration in the 3D layout drawing simultaneously 1. shifted, for comparison 2. with same reference, overlayed
10 10 Multi Configuration Multi configuration editor Change of configuration
11 11 Multi Configuration Demonstrational example: Twyman-Green interferometer
12 Lens Catalogs Lens catalogs: Data of commercial lens vendors Searching machine for one vendor Componenets can be loaded or inserted Preview and data prescription possible Special code of components in brackets according to search criteria 12
13 Lens Catalogs Some system with more than one lens available Sometimes: - aspherical constants wrong - hidden data with diameters, wavelengths,... - problems with old glasses Data stored in binary.zmf format Search over all catalogs not possible Catalogs changes dynamically with every release Private catalog can be generated 13
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