Remote Sensing Techniques
|
|
- MargaretMargaret Pope
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 of 8 7/9/ :18 PM Remote Sensing Techniques Table of Contents Remote sensing basics Aerial photography Manned-space photography Landsat satellite imagery Remote Sensing Basics Remote sensing is the observation and measurement of objects from a distance, i.e. instruments or recorders are not in direct contact with objects under investigation. Remote sensing depends upon measuring some kind of energy that is emitted, transmitted, or reflected from an object in order to determine certain physical properties of the object. One of the most common types of remote sensing is photography, which along with many other techniques is utilized for the images in this Lewis and Clark atlas. These techniques are based on sensing electromagnetic energy emitted or reflected from the Earth's surface and detected at some altitude above the ground. The electromagnetic spectrum is, thus, the starting point for understanding remote sensing. Passive remote sensing is based on detecting available (background) electromagnetic energy from natural sources, such as sunlight. Active remote sensing, in contrast, depends on an artificial "light" source, such as radar, to illuminate the scene. Taken from U.S Geological Survey EROS Data Center--see EDC. Sunlight is the main source of energy at the Earth's surface with most energy in the ultraviolet, visible, and short infrared portions of the spectrum. The Earth is a much weaker source of energy at longer wavelengths of thermal infrared and microwaves. All passive remote sensing is based on these two energy sources.
2 2 of 8 7/9/ :18 PM Ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared radiations (< 3 µm wavelength) are mainly reflected solar energy. Mid-infrared, thermal-infrared, and microwave radiations (> 3 µm wavelength) are mostly emitted from the Earth's surface. Aerial Photography Photography is one of the oldest and most versatile forms of remote sensing of the Earth's surface. All photographic cameras have certain basic components: lens, diaphragm, shutter, viewfinder, and image plane. Geometry of the lens and film format determine the scene area focused onto the image plane. The diaphragm and shutter control the amount of light to expose each photograph. The spectral sensitivity of photography ranges from about 0.3 µm (near-ultraviolet) to 0.9 µm (near infrared). Different parts of the spectrum may be photographed by using various combinations of films and filters. Photographs are routinely taken in b/w panchromatic, b/w infrared, color-visible, color-infrared, and multiband types. For example, color-infrared film is exposed to green, red, and near-infrared wavelengths, which are depicted as blue, green and red in the photograph. This shifting of bands to visible colors is called false-color. Color photograph in visible light. Cottonwood River at Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Note normal appearance of vegetation, water, and other objects in the view. Photo date 5/98; J.S. Aber. Color-infrared photograph of Cottonwood River at Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Active vegetation appears red and pink. Photo date 5/98; J.S. Aber. Basic cameras and film. Glossary of photographic terms. Aerial photographs may be taken in vertical, low-oblique or high-oblique positions; standard air photos are vertical views of the ground. Vertical photographs are normally acquired in overlapping pattern, so as to create a stereoscopic effect when adjacent pairs are viewed together. The overlapping views of the same ground area produce a parallax effect, which is also the basis for depth perception in human vision. This ability to perceive depth is quite useful for visual interpretation of air photos.
3 3 of 8 7/9/ :18 PM Examples of aerial photographs. See Aero-Metric. Aerial photography is typically done from specially equiped airplanes or helicopters nowadays. However many other manned or unmanned platforms may be utilized to hold the camera above the ground, including balloons, tethered blimps, kites, radio-controlled model planes, and rockets--see Project Corona. Low-Height Unmanned Aerial Platforms Great Plains kite aerial photography. Sensoar for low-height remote sensing. Kite and blimp aerial photography. Unmanned aerial vehicles--uav. Aerial photographs are routinely employed for all manner of mapping and evaluation of natural and cultural resources, including agriculture (crops and soils), archeology, biology (habitat, wildlife census), forestry, geology, geomorphology, engineering, hydrology, industrial development, military (camouflage detection, espionage, terrain models), mineral and oil prospecting, pollution (air, land, water), reclamation, transportation, urban planning, etc. Manned-Space Photography U.S. manned space photographs of the Earth began with the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo missions of the 1960s. Many spectacular images of the lands, oceans, and
4 4 of 8 7/9/ :18 PM atmosphere were obtained, and these demonstrated the potential of synoptic space photography for various earth science investigations. With few exceptions, these photos were taken at the discretion of astronauts, who had little formal background in either photography or earth science. Systematic manned space photography was undertaken during the Skylab missions of 1973 and Skylab was a orbiting space station that was utilized for extended Earth observations. Skylab 4 was most successful; about 2000 photographs were obtained of more than 850 features and phenomena (Wilmarth et al. 1977). The lessons learned during Skylab missions formed the basis for the program of space-shuttle photography in the 1980s and '90s. South Island of New Zealand. Chicago and Lake Michigan, Illinois. Astronauts on space-shuttle missions have taken more than 250,000 photographs with hand-held cameras. A large portion of these are Earth-looking images that provide unique views of the world's surface features: deserts, volcanoes, mountains, coasts, oceans, glaciers, sea ice, rivers, lakes, dust, fires, clouds, and human settlement. Spaceshuttle photographs are taken in all possible orientations--near vertical, low oblique, and high oblique--for a greater range of perspectives than is possible with any unmanned satellite instruments. Space-shuttle photography is the result of systematic Earth and environmental science training given to each astronaut crew prior to flight. Much of the photography consists of revisits to targets previously photographed. Each day during flight, astronauts are given instructions for photographs based on cloud cover and orbital conditions. Astronauts are also free to take photographs of any interesting or attractive scenes. Special advantages of astronaut photography include the following (Lulla et al. 1993). 1. Images are taken at various sun angles, ranging from negative angles (below horizon) to nearly vertical. This provides for unique views under various lighting conditions that are not available with other remote sensing systems.
5 5 of 8 7/9/ :18 PM 2. Sequential (overlapping) near-vertical photographs with different look angles provide for stereoscopic viewing. 3. Little-known tropical areas are well represented in the photography database. These regions are undergoing very rapid human-induced environmental transformations. Various cameras, lenses, and film types are employed for space-shuttle photography. Hasselblad cameras are most commonly used. These take pictures with 70-mm (2¾-inch) format film. Lenses vary from 40 mm to 250 mm focal length. The Linhof camera is also utilized on most missions; it takes 125-mm (5-inch) format film. Other still cameras that have been used include Rolleiflex (70 mm) and Nikon (35 mm). IMAX and 16-mm movie footage are taken on some flights along with video imagery. The electronic still camera (ESC) is a charged-couple device that produces near-film-quality images in digital format. It has been utilized on several missions since Current spectral response range is 0.4 to 1.1 µm, which is greater than films now in use (Lulla and Holland 1993). Film selection for space-shuttle photography is relatively conservative. Most photographs are exposed on color-visible films of various types. Color-infrared film is used occasionally, and other special film types are employed rarely. Most photographs have been digitized and converted to video format. "Digitization, rectification, multilayering (GIS), classification, and mensuration of these digitized analog images is now fairly routine..." (Lulla et al. 1993). Florida, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean. Smoke from forest fires in Queensland, Australia. Color-infrared view of Bangkok, Thailand. Color-infrared view, Mt. St. Helens, Washington. Time of launch and crew sleeping schedules affect the times of daylight when photographs may be acquired, as very few pictures are taken on the Earth's night side. Thus, some missions return pictures mainly from the northern hemisphere, whereas other missions take photos mostly in the southern hemisphere. An important factor is cloud cover that often obscures ground features of interest. For example, certain equatorial sites have little or no cloud-free photographs. Photography is not the primary objective on most space-shuttle flights, so pictures are taken when astronauts are not busy with other duties. The result of these factors is very uneven coverage of the world. The presence of human photographers in space provides some important capabilities: to observe and respond quickly to unusual ground events, to preselect and acquire scientifically useful images, and to photograph phenomena from different look angles. "These qualities demonstrate the value of a human observer in orbit in adding to understanding of our planet Earth, and interacting with ground scientists in real time to acquire data and confirm or deny events." (Lulla and Helfert 1991) More information NASA Johnson Space Center--Imagery services. NASA Johnson Space Center--Earth from space. Landsat Satellite Imagery Remotely sensed satellite observations from space have fundamentally changed the way in which scientists study the atmosphere, oceans, land, vegetation, glaciers, sea ice, and other environmental aspects of the Earth's surface. In 1951, science-fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke proposed that a satellite in polar (N-S) orbit could allow humans to
6 6 of 8 7/9/ :18 PM systematically view the whole planet, as the earth rotated beneath the satellite (Lauer et al. 1997). The first photographs taken by astronauts and early satellite images began to change our concept of the Earth in the 1960s, and remote sensing of the Earth's surface has been continuous ever since. Viewing the Earth from space leads to a powerful impression. The Earth is an integrated, complex, dynamic system that is unique so far as we know. A great many satellite systems have been designed and operated during the past three decades. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland has taken the lead in developing experimental satellite technology for scientific observations of the Earth. The new methodology of earth science is based on satellite data, which allow a "whole earth" approach to studying the environment. Remotely sensed satellite data and images of the Earth have four important advantages compared to ground observations Synoptic view: Satellite images are "big-picture" views of large areas of the surface. The positions, distribution, and spatial relationships of features are clearly evident; megapatterns within landscapes, seascapes, and icescapes are emphasized. Major biologic, tectonic, hydrologic, and geomorphic factors stand out distinctly. Repetitive coverage: Repeated images of the same regions, taken at regular intervals over periods of days, years, and decades, provide data bases for recognizing and measuring environmental changes. This is crucial for understanding where, when, and how the modern environment is changing. Multispectral data: Satellite sensors are designed to operate in many different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and microwave energy coming from the Earth's surface or atmosphere contain a wealth of information about material composition and physical conditions. Low-cost data: Near-global, repetitive collection of data is far cheaper using satellite sensors than collecting the same type and quantity of data would be through conventional ground surveys. The satellite series, now known as Landsat, was conceived in the 1960s, and Landsat 1 went into operation in The images generated by this satellite created a sensation in the scientific community and popular imagination. More Landsat satellites followed--landsat 5 is now in operation, and Landsat 7 is planned for launch in Landsat imagery is based on a technique called scanning in which a picture is built up from rows and columns of picture elements (pixels) that represent the scene. Two instruments have been utilized on the Landsat series in the 1970s, '80s, and '90s Multispectral Scanner (MSS) -- A moderate-resolution scanner that collected data in four spectral bands: green, red, and two near-infrared channels. Pixel size in processed datasets is 57 m by 57 m. For more information--see Landsat MSS. Thematic Mapper (TM) -- An advanced high-resolution scanner that collects spectral data in seven bands: blue, green, red, near-infrared, two mid-infrared, and thermal-infrared. Pixel size in processed datasets is 28½ m by 28½ m. For more information--see Landsat TM. In 1999 Landsat 7 was successfully launched and began to collect imagery of the Earth's land areas. It carries the enchanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) which has several improvements compared to the older thematic mapper. Landsat 7 continues the legacy of moderate-resolution satellite imagery of the Earth's environmental
7 7 of 8 7/9/ :18 PM conditions. The following examples show the Missouri River valley and adjacent terrain at Leavenworth, Kansas. The scene covers approximately nine by 12 miles (14 x 20 km). Each image is derived from the same dataset, acquired on 28 Sept by the Landsat 5 satellite. Autumn imagery is particularly good for general display of the landscape, as there are many variations in vegetation and water bodies, and the lower sun position creates some shadowing of the terrain. The different appearances of these examples reflect the spectral bands and color coding used to create the composite images. Both natural-color and false-color composites are utilized throughout the atlas. Click on the small images below to see full-sized versions (app. 125 kb each). Natural-color composite. Image consists of blue, green, and red visible light portrayed in a natural manner. Active vegetation appears green, bare soil and fallow fields are brown, and urban structures are white. Clean water bodies appear black, whereas the Missouri River displays a muddy brown color. Landsat TM bands 1, 2, 3; image processing by J.S. Aber. Standard false-color composite. Image consists of green, red, and near-infrared light portrayed in a false-color manner. Active vegetation appears red-pink, bare soil and fallow fields are green, and urban structures are bluish-white. Clean water bodies appear black, whereas the Missouri River displays a green-brown color. Landsat TM bands 2, 3, 4; image processing by J.S. Aber. Special-color composite. Image consists of red, near-infrared and mid-infrared light portrayed in a false-color manner. Active vegetation appears green, bare soil and fallow fields are red-brown, and urban structures are purple. Most water bodies are black, and the Missouri River appears dark blue. Landsat TM bands 3, 4, 5; image processing by J.S. Aber.
8 8 of 8 7/9/ :18 PM Special-color composite. Image consists of green, near-infrared and mid-infrared light portrayed in a false-color manner. Active vegetation appears green, bare soil and fallow fields are red-brown, and urban structures are purple. Most water bodies are black, and the Missouri River appears dark blue. Landsat TM bands 2, 4, 7; image processing by J.S. Aber. Vegetation image based on red and near-infrared bands. Active vegetation is green; dormant or dry plants are yellow; plowed fields, pavement, and bare ground are brown. All water bodies appear black. Landsat TM bands 3 and 4 utilized to create the normalized difference vegetation index--see NDVI. Image processing by J.S. Aber. More Landsat Information Landsat program overview. USGS Landsat program. Return to Lewis and Clark bicentennial space-age atlas. Last update Feb
A map says to you, 'Read me carefully, follow me closely, doubt me not.' It says, 'I am the Earth in the palm of your hand. Without me, you are alone
A map says to you, 'Read me carefully, follow me closely, doubt me not.' It says, 'I am the Earth in the palm of your hand. Without me, you are alone and lost. Beryl Markham (West With the Night, 1946
More informationThe studies began when the Tiros satellites (1960) provided man s first synoptic view of the Earth s weather systems.
Remote sensing of the Earth from orbital altitudes was recognized in the mid-1960 s as a potential technique for obtaining information important for the effective use and conservation of natural resources.
More informationGeo/SAT 2 INTRODUCTION TO REMOTE SENSING
Geo/SAT 2 INTRODUCTION TO REMOTE SENSING Paul R. Baumann, Professor Emeritus State University of New York College at Oneonta Oneonta, New York 13820 USA COPYRIGHT 2008 Paul R. Baumann Introduction Remote
More informationIntroduction to Remote Sensing
Introduction to Remote Sensing Spatial, spectral, temporal resolutions Image display alternatives Vegetation Indices Image classifications Image change detections Accuracy assessment Satellites & Air-Photos
More informationAn Introduction to Remote Sensing & GIS. Introduction
An Introduction to Remote Sensing & GIS Introduction Remote sensing is the measurement of object properties on Earth s surface using data acquired from aircraft and satellites. It attempts to measure something
More informationImportant Missions. weather forecasting and monitoring communication navigation military earth resource observation LANDSAT SEASAT SPOT IRS
Fundamentals of Remote Sensing Pranjit Kr. Sarma, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Geography Mangaldai College Email: prangis@gmail.com Ph. No +91 94357 04398 Remote Sensing Remote sensing is defined
More informationSatellite Remote Sensing: Earth System Observations
Satellite Remote Sensing: Earth System Observations Land surface Water Atmosphere Climate Ecosystems 1 EOS (Earth Observing System) Develop an understanding of the total Earth system, and the effects of
More informationRemote Sensing for Rangeland Applications
Remote Sensing for Rangeland Applications Jay Angerer Ecological Training June 16, 2012 Remote Sensing The term "remote sensing," first used in the United States in the 1950s by Ms. Evelyn Pruitt of the
More informationNON-PHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS: Multispectral Scanners Medium and coarse resolution sensor comparisons: Landsat, SPOT, AVHRR and MODIS
NON-PHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS: Multispectral Scanners Medium and coarse resolution sensor comparisons: Landsat, SPOT, AVHRR and MODIS CLASSIFICATION OF NONPHOTOGRAPHIC REMOTE SENSORS PASSIVE ACTIVE DIGITAL
More informationActive and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing
Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Passive remote sensing system record EMR that was reflected (e.g., blue, green, red, and near IR) or emitted (e.g., thermal IR) from the surface of the Earth.
More informationLecture 13: Remotely Sensed Geospatial Data
Lecture 13: Remotely Sensed Geospatial Data A. The Electromagnetic Spectrum: The electromagnetic spectrum (Figure 1) indicates the different forms of radiation (or simply stated light) emitted by nature.
More informationChapter 8. Remote sensing
1. Remote sensing 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Remote sensing 8.3 Resolution 8.4 Landsat 8.5 Geostationary satellites GOES 8.1 Introduction What is remote sensing? One can describe remote sensing in different
More informationSommersemester Prof. Dr. Christoph Kleinn Institut für Waldinventur und Waldwachstum Arbeitsbereich Fernerkundung und Waldinventur.
Basics of Remote Sensing Some literature references Franklin, SE 2001 Remote Sensing for Sustainable Forest Management Lewis Publishers 407p Lillesand, Kiefer 2000 Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation
More informationIntroduction of Satellite Remote Sensing
Introduction of Satellite Remote Sensing Spatial Resolution (Pixel size) Spectral Resolution (Bands) Resolutions of Remote Sensing 1. Spatial (what area and how detailed) 2. Spectral (what colors bands)
More informationAerial photography and Remote Sensing. Bikini Atoll, 2013 (60 years after nuclear bomb testing)
Aerial photography and Remote Sensing Bikini Atoll, 2013 (60 years after nuclear bomb testing) Computers have linked mapping techniques under the umbrella term : Geomatics includes all the following spatial
More informationAn Introduction to Geomatics. Prepared by: Dr. Maher A. El-Hallaq خاص بطلبة مساق مقدمة في علم. Associate Professor of Surveying IUG
An Introduction to Geomatics خاص بطلبة مساق مقدمة في علم الجيوماتكس Prepared by: Dr. Maher A. El-Hallaq Associate Professor of Surveying IUG 1 Airborne Imagery Dr. Maher A. El-Hallaq Associate Professor
More informationThe studies began when the Tiros satellites (1960) provided man s first synoptic view of the Earth s weather systems.
Remote sensing of the Earth from orbital altitudes was recognized in the mid-1960 s as a potential technique for obtaining information important for the effective use and conservation of natural resources.
More informationIntroduction to Remote Sensing
Introduction to Remote Sensing Outline Remote Sensing Defined Resolution Electromagnetic Energy (EMR) Types Interpretation Applications Remote Sensing Defined Remote Sensing is: The art and science of
More informationMonitoring agricultural plantations with remote sensing imagery
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Monitoring agricultural plantations with remote sensing imagery Camelia Slave and Anca Rotman University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - Bucharest Romania,
More informationIntroduction to Remote Sensing Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing. Mads Olander Rasmussen
Introduction to Remote Sensing Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing Mads Olander Rasmussen (mora@dhi-gras.com) 01. Introduction to Remote Sensing DHI What is remote sensing? the art, science, and technology
More informationGovt. Engineering College Jhalawar Model Question Paper Subject- Remote Sensing & GIS
Govt. Engineering College Jhalawar Model Question Paper Subject- Remote Sensing & GIS Time: Max. Marks: Q1. What is remote Sensing? Explain the basic components of a Remote Sensing system. Q2. What is
More informationRADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging)
RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging) CLASSIFICATION OF NONPHOTOGRAPHIC REMOTE SENSORS PASSIVE ACTIVE DIGITAL CAMERA THERMAL (e.g. TIMS) VIDEO CAMERA MULTI- SPECTRAL SCANNERS VISIBLE & NIR MICROWAVE Real
More information746A27 Remote Sensing and GIS. Multi spectral, thermal and hyper spectral sensing and usage
746A27 Remote Sensing and GIS Lecture 3 Multi spectral, thermal and hyper spectral sensing and usage Chandan Roy Guest Lecturer Department of Computer and Information Science Linköping University Multi
More informationModule 3 Introduction to GIS. Lecture 8 GIS data acquisition
Module 3 Introduction to GIS Lecture 8 GIS data acquisition GIS workflow Data acquisition (geospatial data input) GPS Remote sensing (satellites, UAV s) LiDAR Digitized maps Attribute Data Management Data
More informationREMOTE SENSING. Topic 10 Fundamentals of Digital Multispectral Remote Sensing MULTISPECTRAL SCANNERS MULTISPECTRAL SCANNERS
REMOTE SENSING Topic 10 Fundamentals of Digital Multispectral Remote Sensing Chapter 5: Lillesand and Keifer Chapter 6: Avery and Berlin MULTISPECTRAL SCANNERS Record EMR in a number of discrete portions
More informationInterpreting land surface features. SWAC module 3
Interpreting land surface features SWAC module 3 Interpreting land surface features SWAC module 3 Different kinds of image Panchromatic image True-color image False-color image EMR : NASA Echo the bat
More informationActive and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing
Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Passive remote sensing system record EMR that was reflected (e.g., blue, green, red, and near IR) or emitted (e.g., thermal IR) from the surface of the Earth.
More informationSome Basic Concepts of Remote Sensing. Lecture 2 August 31, 2005
Some Basic Concepts of Remote Sensing Lecture 2 August 31, 2005 What is remote sensing Remote Sensing: remote sensing is science of acquiring, processing, and interpreting images and related data that
More informationPhotogrammetry. Lecture 4 September 7, 2005
Photogrammetry Lecture 4 September 7, 2005 What is Photogrammetry Photogrammetry is the art and science of making accurate measurements by means of aerial photography: Analog photogrammetry (using films:
More informationremote sensing? What are the remote sensing principles behind these Definition
Introduction to remote sensing: Content (1/2) Definition: photogrammetry and remote sensing (PRS) Radiation sources: solar radiation (passive optical RS) earth emission (passive microwave or thermal infrared
More information746A27 Remote Sensing and GIS
746A27 Remote Sensing and GIS Lecture 1 Concepts of remote sensing and Basic principle of Photogrammetry Chandan Roy Guest Lecturer Department of Computer and Information Science Linköping University What
More informationREMOTE SENSING INTERPRETATION
REMOTE SENSING INTERPRETATION Jan Clevers Centre for Geo-Information - WU Remote Sensing --> RS Sensor at a distance EARTH OBSERVATION EM energy Earth RS is a tool; one of the sources of information! 1
More informationGIS Data Collection. Remote Sensing
GIS Data Collection Remote Sensing Data Collection Remote sensing Introduction Concepts Spectral signatures Resolutions: spectral, spatial, temporal Digital image processing (classification) Other systems
More information2017 REMOTE SENSING EVENT TRAINING STRATEGIES 2016 SCIENCE OLYMPIAD COACHING ACADEMY CENTERVILLE, OH
2017 REMOTE SENSING EVENT TRAINING STRATEGIES 2016 SCIENCE OLYMPIAD COACHING ACADEMY CENTERVILLE, OH This presentation was prepared using draft rules. There may be some changes in the final copy of the
More information(Refer Slide Time: 1:20)
Introduction to Remote Sensing Dr. Arun K Saraf Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Lecture 02 Development of Remote Sensing Technology & Advantages Hello! This is second
More informationInt n r t o r d o u d c u ti t on o n to t o Remote Sensing
Introduction to Remote Sensing Definition of Remote Sensing Remote sensing refers to the activities of recording/observing/perceiving(sensing)objects or events at far away (remote) places. In remote sensing,
More informationRemote Sensing Platforms
Types of Platforms Lighter-than-air Remote Sensing Platforms Free floating balloons Restricted by atmospheric conditions Used to acquire meteorological/atmospheric data Blimps/dirigibles Major role - news
More informationGhazanfar A. Khattak National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar
INTRODUCTION TO REMOTE SENSING Ghazanfar A. Khattak National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar WHAT IS REMOTE SENSING? Remote sensing is the science of acquiring information about
More informationFOR 474: Forest Inventory. FOR 474: Forest Inventory. Why do we Care About Forest Sampling?
FOR 474: Forest Inventory 1. Advanced Forest Inventory The Need for Forest Sampling Brief Intro to Remote Sensing and GIS Readings: FOR 474: Forest Inventory Related Courses! FOR 274: Forest Measurements
More informationOutline. Introduction. Introduction: Film Emulsions. Sensor Systems. Types of Remote Sensing. A/Prof Linlin Ge. Photographic systems (cf(
GMAT x600 Remote Sensing / Earth Observation Types of Sensor Systems (1) Outline Image Sensor Systems (i) Line Scanning Sensor Systems (passive) (ii) Array Sensor Systems (passive) (iii) Antenna Radar
More informationSample Copy. Not For Distribution.
Photogrammetry, GIS & Remote Sensing Quick Reference Book i EDUCREATION PUBLISHING Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001 Website: www.educreation.in Copyright, 2017, S.S. Manugula, V.
More informationSpectral Signatures. Vegetation. 40 Soil. Water WAVELENGTH (microns)
Spectral Signatures % REFLECTANCE VISIBLE NEAR INFRARED Vegetation Soil Water.5. WAVELENGTH (microns). Spectral Reflectance of Urban Materials 5 Parking Lot 5 (5=5%) Reflectance 5 5 5 5 5 Wavelength (nm)
More information9/12/2011. Training Course Remote Sensing Basic Theory & Image Processing Methods September 2011
Training Course Remote Sensing Basic Theory & Image Processing Methods 19 23 September 2011 Introduction to Remote Sensing Michiel Damen (September 2011) damen@itc.nl 1 Overview Some definitions Remote
More informationFirst Exam: Thurs., Sept 28
8 Geographers Tools: Gathering Information Prof. Anthony Grande Hunter College Geography Lecture design, content and presentation AFG 0917. Individual images and illustrations may be subject to prior copyright.
More informationIntroduction. Introduction. Introduction. Introduction. Introduction
Identifying habitat change and conservation threats with satellite imagery Extinction crisis Volker Radeloff Department of Forest Ecology and Management Extinction crisis Extinction crisis Conservationists
More informationThe University of New South Wales
GMAT 9600 Principles of Remote Sensing Dr. Linlin GE Senior Lecturer Satellite Navigation And Positioning Group School of Surveying & Spatial Information Systems University of New South Wales Phone: +61-2-9385
More informationRemote Sensing Platforms
Remote Sensing Platforms Remote Sensing Platforms - Introduction Allow observer and/or sensor to be above the target/phenomena of interest Two primary categories Aircraft Spacecraft Each type offers different
More informationFLIGHT SUMMARY REPORT
FLIGHT SUMMARY REPORT Flight Number: 97-011 Calendar/Julian Date: 23 October 1996 297 Sensor Package: Area(s) Covered: Wild-Heerbrugg RC-10 Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Southern
More informationFOR 353: Air Photo Interpretation and Photogrammetry. Lecture 2. Electromagnetic Energy/Camera and Film characteristics
FOR 353: Air Photo Interpretation and Photogrammetry Lecture 2 Electromagnetic Energy/Camera and Film characteristics Lecture Outline Electromagnetic Radiation Theory Digital vs. Analog (i.e. film ) Systems
More informationAtmospheric interactions; Aerial Photography; Imaging systems; Intro to Spectroscopy Week #3: September 12, 2018
GEOL 1460/2461 Ramsey Introduction/Advanced Remote Sensing Fall, 2018 Atmospheric interactions; Aerial Photography; Imaging systems; Intro to Spectroscopy Week #3: September 12, 2018 I. Quick Review from
More informationChapter 1 Overview of imaging GIS
Chapter 1 Overview of imaging GIS Imaging GIS, a term used in the medical imaging community (Wang 2012), is adopted here to describe a geographic information system (GIS) that displays, enhances, and facilitates
More informationINTRODUCTORY REMOTE SENSING. Geob 373
INTRODUCTORY REMOTE SENSING Geob 373 Landsat 7 15 m image highlighting the geology of Oman http://www.satimagingcorp.com/gallery-landsat.html ASTER 15 m SWIR image, Escondida Mine, Chile http://www.satimagingcorp.com/satellite-sensors/aster.html
More informationFirst Exam: New Date. 7 Geographers Tools: Gathering Information. Photographs and Imagery REMOTE SENSING 2/23/2018. Friday, March 2, 2018.
First Exam: New Date Friday, March 2, 2018. Combination of multiple choice questions and map interpretation. Bring a #2 pencil with eraser. Based on class lectures supplementing chapter 1. Review lecture
More informationBlacksburg, VA July 24 th 30 th, 2010 Remote Sensing Page 1. A condensed overview. For our purposes
A condensed overview George McLeod Prepared by: With support from: NSF DUE-0903270 in partnership with: Geospatial Technician Education Through Virginia s Community Colleges (GTEVCC) The art and science
More informationRGB colours: Display onscreen = RGB
RGB colours: http://www.colorspire.com/rgb-color-wheel/ Display onscreen = RGB DIGITAL DATA and DISPLAY Myth: Most satellite images are not photos Photographs are also 'images', but digital images are
More informationApplication of Satellite Image Processing to Earth Resistivity Map
Application of Satellite Image Processing to Earth Resistivity Map KWANCHAI NORSANGSRI and THANATCHAI KULWORAWANICHPONG Power System Research Unit School of Electrical Engineering Suranaree University
More informationLecture 6: Multispectral Earth Resource Satellites. The University at Albany Fall 2018 Geography and Planning
Lecture 6: Multispectral Earth Resource Satellites The University at Albany Fall 2018 Geography and Planning Outline SPOT program and other moderate resolution systems High resolution satellite systems
More informationLecture Series SGL 308: Introduction to Geological Mapping Lecture 8 LECTURE 8 REMOTE SENSING METHODS: THE USE AND INTERPRETATION OF SATELLITE IMAGES
LECTURE 8 REMOTE SENSING METHODS: THE USE AND INTERPRETATION OF SATELLITE IMAGES LECTURE OUTLINE Page 8.0 Introduction 114 8.1 Objectives 115 115 8.2 Remote Sensing: Method of Operation 8.3 Importance
More informationDr. P Shanmugam. Associate Professor Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras INDIA
Dr. P Shanmugam Associate Professor Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras INDIA Biography Ph.D (Remote Sensing and Image Processing for Coastal Studies) - Anna University,
More informationContents Remote Sensing for Studying Earth Surface and Changes
Contents Remote Sensing for Studying Earth Surface and Changes Anupma Prakash Day : Tuesday Date : September 26, 2008 Audience : AMIDST Participants What is remote sensing? How does remote sensing work?
More informationMicrowave Remote Sensing (1)
Microwave Remote Sensing (1) Microwave sensing encompasses both active and passive forms of remote sensing. The microwave portion of the spectrum covers the range from approximately 1cm to 1m in wavelength.
More informationRemote Sensing of the Environment An Earth Resource Perspective John R. Jensen Second Edition
Remote Sensing of the Environment An Earth Resource Perspective John R. Jensen Second Edition Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout
More informationIKONOS High Resolution Multispectral Scanner Sensor Characteristics
High Spatial Resolution and Hyperspectral Scanners IKONOS High Resolution Multispectral Scanner Sensor Characteristics Launch Date View Angle Orbit 24 September 1999 Vandenberg Air Force Base, California,
More informationHow can we "see" using the Infrared?
The Infrared Infrared light lies between the visible and microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared light has a range of wavelengths, just like visible light has wavelengths that range
More informationRemote Sensing is the observation of the Earth from satellites or aircrafts.
Remote Sensing? Remote Sensing is the observation of the Earth from satellites or aircrafts. Sensors mounted on these platforms capture images of the Earth that reveal features may or may not apparent
More informationMicrowave Remote Sensing
Provide copy on a CD of the UCAR multi-media tutorial to all in class. Assign Ch-7 and Ch-9 (for two weeks) as reading material for this class. HW#4 (Due in two weeks) Problems 1,2,3 and 4 (Chapter 7)
More informationSatellite Imagery and Remote Sensing. DeeDee Whitaker SW Guilford High EES & Chemistry
Satellite Imagery and Remote Sensing DeeDee Whitaker SW Guilford High EES & Chemistry whitakd@gcsnc.com Outline What is remote sensing? How does remote sensing work? What role does the electromagnetic
More informationNRS 415 Remote Sensing of Environment
NRS 415 Remote Sensing of Environment 1 High Oblique Perspective (Side) Low Oblique Perspective (Relief) 2 Aerial Perspective (See What s Hidden) An example of high spatial resolution true color remote
More informationMaking NDVI Images using the Sony F717 Nightshot Digital Camera and IR Filters and Software Created for Interpreting Digital Images.
Making NDVI Images using the Sony F717 Nightshot Digital Camera and IR Filters and Software Created for Interpreting Digital Images Draft 1 John Pickle Museum of Science October 14, 2004 Digital Cameras
More informationApplication of Satellite Imagery for Rerouting Electric Power Transmission Lines
Application of Satellite Imagery for Rerouting Electric Power Transmission Lines T. LUEMONGKOL 1, A. WANNAKOMOL 2 & T. KULWORAWANICHPONG 1 1 Power System Research Unit, School of Electrical Engineering
More informationRemote sensing in archaeology from optical to lidar. Krištof Oštir ModeLTER Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Remote sensing in archaeology from optical to lidar Krištof Oštir ModeLTER Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Introduction Optical remote sensing Systems Search for
More information9/12/2011. Training Course Remote Sensing Basic Theory & Image Processing Methods September 2011
Training Course Remote Sensing Basic Theory & Image Processing Methods 19 23 September 2011 Popular Remote Sensing Sensors & their Selection Michiel Damen (September 2011) damen@itc.nl 1 Overview Low resolution
More informationTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MULTI EPOCH LANDSAT GEOCOVER IMAGES IN ZONGULDAK TESTFIELD
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MULTI EPOCH LANDSAT GEOCOVER IMAGES IN ZONGULDAK TESTFIELD Şahin, H. a*, Oruç, M. a, Büyüksalih, G. a a Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey - (sahin@karaelmas.edu.tr,
More informationDigital Image Processing - A Remote Sensing Perspective
ISSN 2278 0211 (Online) Digital Image Processing - A Remote Sensing Perspective D.Sarala Department of Physics & Electronics St. Ann s College for Women, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, India Sunita Jacob Head,
More informationRemote Sensing. Measuring an object from a distance. For GIS, that means using photographic or satellite images to gather spatial data
Remote Sensing Measuring an object from a distance For GIS, that means using photographic or satellite images to gather spatial data Remote Sensing measures electromagnetic energy reflected or emitted
More informationLecture 1 Introduction to Remote Sensing
Lecture 1 Introduction to Remote Sensing Dr Ian Leiper School of Environmental and Life Sciences Bldg Purple 12.2.27 1 2 Lecture Outline Introductions Unit admin Learning outcomes Unit outline Practicals
More informationAcquisition of Aerial Photographs and/or Imagery
Acquisition of Aerial Photographs and/or Imagery Acquisition of Aerial Photographs and/or Imagery From time to time there is considerable interest in the purchase of special-purpose photography contracted
More informationAral Sea profile Selection of area 24 February April May 1998
250 km Aral Sea profile 1960 1960 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2010? Selection of area Area of interest Kzyl-Orda Dried seabed 185 km Syrdarya river Aral Sea Salt
More informationFirst Exam. Geographers Tools: Gathering Information. Photographs and Imagery. SPIN 2 Image of Downtown Atlanta, GA 1995 REMOTE SENSING 9/19/2016
First Exam Geographers Tools: Gathering Information Prof. Anthony Grande Hunter College Geography Lecture design, content and presentation AFG 0616. Individual images and illustrations may be subject to
More informationRemote Sensing. Division C. Written Exam
Remote Sensing Division C Written Exam Team Name: Team #: Team Members: _ Score: /132 A. Matching (10 points) 1. Nadir 2. Albedo 3. Diffraction 4. Refraction 5. Spatial Resolution 6. Temporal Resolution
More informationIntroduction to Remote Sensing Part 1
Introduction to Remote Sensing Part 1 A Primer on Electromagnetic Radiation Digital, Multi-Spectral Imagery The 4 Resolutions Displaying Images Corrections and Enhancements Passive vs. Active Sensors Radar
More informationFinal Examination Introduction to Remote Sensing. Time: 1.5 hrs Max. Marks: 50. Section-I (50 x 1 = 50 Marks)
Final Examination Introduction to Remote Sensing Time: 1.5 hrs Max. Marks: 50 Note: Attempt all questions. Section-I (50 x 1 = 50 Marks) 1... is the technology of acquiring information about the Earth's
More informationUrban Classification of Metro Manila for Seismic Risk Assessment using Satellite Images
Urban Classification of Metro Manila for Seismic Risk Assessment using Satellite Images Fumio YAMAZAKI/ yamazaki@edm.bosai.go.jp Hajime MITOMI/ mitomi@edm.bosai.go.jp Yalkun YUSUF/ yalkun@edm.bosai.go.jp
More informationUsing Freely Available. Remote Sensing to Create a More Powerful GIS
Using Freely Available Government Data and Remote Sensing to Create a More Powerful GIS All rights reserved. ENVI, E3De, IAS, and IDL are trademarks of Exelis, Inc. All other marks are the property of
More informationOutline for today. Geography 411/611 Remote sensing: Principles and Applications. Remote sensing: RS for biogeochemical cycles
Geography 411/611 Remote sensing: Principles and Applications Thomas Albright, Associate Professor Laboratory for Conservation Biogeography, Department of Geography & Program in Ecology, Evolution, & Conservation
More informationREMOTE SENSING FOR FLOOD HAZARD STUDIES.
REMOTE SENSING FOR FLOOD HAZARD STUDIES. OPTICAL SENSORS. 1 DRS. NANETTE C. KINGMA 1 Optical Remote Sensing for flood hazard studies. 2 2 Floods & use of remote sensing. Floods often leaves its imprint
More informationLand Cover Analysis to Determine Areas of Clear-cut and Forest Cover in Olney, Montana. Geob 373 Remote Sensing. Dr Andreas Varhola, Kathry De Rego
1 Land Cover Analysis to Determine Areas of Clear-cut and Forest Cover in Olney, Montana Geob 373 Remote Sensing Dr Andreas Varhola, Kathry De Rego Zhu an Lim (14292149) L2B 17 Apr 2016 2 Abstract Montana
More informationBlack Dot shows actual Point location
207 Plate 1 Use of scanned archive aerial photographs, digital photogrammetry and GIS to plot river channel erosion along the Afon Trannon, Wales (part of the study by Mount et al 2000, 2003). Plate 2
More informationWhat is Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry What is Photogrammetry Photogrammetry is the art and science of making accurate measurements by means of aerial photography: Analog photogrammetry (using films: hard-copy photos) Digital
More informationto Geospatial Technologies
What s in a Pixel? A Primer for Remote Sensing What s in a Pixel Development UNH Cooperative Extension Geospatial Technologies Training Center Shane Bradt UConn Cooperative Extension Geospatial Technology
More information29 th Annual Louisiana RS/GIS Workshop April 23, 2013 Cajundome Convention Center Lafayette, Louisiana
Landsat Data Continuity Mission 29 th Annual Louisiana RS/GIS Workshop April 23, 2013 Cajundome Convention Center Lafayette, Louisiana http://landsat.usgs.gov/index.php# Landsat 5 Sets Guinness World Record
More informationRemote Sensing and GIS
Remote Sensing and GIS Atmosphere Reflected radiation, e.g. Visible Emitted radiation, e.g. Infrared Backscattered radiation, e.g. Radar (λ) Visible TIR Radar & Microwave 11/9/2017 Geo327G/386G, U Texas,
More informationRemote Sensing. in Agriculture. Dr. Baqer Ramadhan CRP 514 Geographic Information System. Adel M. Al-Rebh G Term Paper.
Remote Sensing in Agriculture Term Paper to Dr. Baqer Ramadhan CRP 514 Geographic Information System By Adel M. Al-Rebh G199325390 May 2012 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction... 4 2.0 Objective... 4 3.0
More informationSmithsonian. Reflections National Earth: AirExploring and Space Planet Earth Museu from Space program is made possible by support from Honda.
Smithsonian Reflections National Earth: AirExploring and Space Planet Earth Museu from Space program is made possible by support from Honda. Reflections on Earth: Exploring Planet Earth from Space Reflections
More informationSources of Geographic Information
Sources of Geographic Information Data properties: Spatial data, i.e. data that are associated with geographic locations Data format: digital (analog data for traditional paper maps) Data Inputs: sampled
More informationACTIVE SENSORS RADAR
ACTIVE SENSORS RADAR RADAR LiDAR: Light Detection And Ranging RADAR: RAdio Detection And Ranging SONAR: SOund Navigation And Ranging Used to image the ocean floor (produce bathymetic maps) and detect objects
More informationAcquisition of Aerial Photographs and/or Satellite Imagery
Acquisition of Aerial Photographs and/or Satellite Imagery Acquisition of Aerial Photographs and/or Imagery From time to time there is considerable interest in the purchase of special-purpose photography
More informationINTRODUCTION TO REMOTE SENSING AND ITS APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION TO REMOTE SENSING AND ITS APPLICATIONS Prof. Dr. Abudeif A. Bakheit Geology Department. Faculty of Science Assiut University This representation was prepared from different power point representations
More informationExploring the Earth with Remote Sensing: Tucson
Exploring the Earth with Remote Sensing: Tucson Project ASTRO Chile March 2006 1. Introduction In this laboratory you will explore Tucson and its surroundings with remote sensing. Remote sensing is the
More informationOutline Remote Sensing Defined Resolution Electromagnetic Energy (EMR) Types Interpretation Applications 2
Introduction to Remote Sensing 1 Outline Remote Sensing Defined Resolution Electromagnetic Energy (EMR) Types Interpretation Applications 2 Remote Sensing Defined Remote Sensing is: The art and science
More information