MOBILE VIRTUAL 3D MODEL OF A MEDIEVAL TOWN
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1 International Journal on Information Technologies & Security, 4, MOBILE VIRTUAL 3D MODEL OF A MEDIEVAL TOWN Stanislav Dimchev Kostadinov, Tzvetomir Ivanov Vassilev Department of Informatics and IT, University of Ruse s: sdkostadinov@uni-ruse.bg, TVassilev@uni-ruse.bg Bulgaria Abstract: Mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets offer great new opportunities for the creation of 3D virtual reality environments. This paper presents an approach for 3D reproduction of a medieval town on a mobile device, in which the user does not have to install any additional software. Experiments and load tests of the produced application are illustrated. The approach provides new aspects of virtual sightseeing and enables viewing cultural buildings and terrains through mobile devices. Key words: Virtual Museum, Cultural Heritage, X3D, X3DOM. 1. INTRODUCTION In the recent years development of applications for smart phones and tablets grew exponentially. A lot of sites are being updated now to match the needs of users of mobile devices. Their layout, navigation and third party APIs are redesigned to meet the needs of the customers. Museums, galleries and other institutions associated with cultural heritage of a regional or country importance follow this trend and customize their sites. Some of the biggest and most famous museums in Canada, Australia and Great Britain fund projects for development of mobile version of their own sites [1]. The system, described in this paper, is a part of a joint project of computer scientists and researchers at the regional history museum in Ruse, Bulgaria, for creating a virtual 3D model of the medieval town of Cherven, situated near Ruse. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The next section reviews previous work on mobile 3D graphics and virtual interactions. It describes the requirements and main concepts used for visualization of the Cherven fortress. Section 3 presents some of the details of the proposed approach. Next section provides results, load tests and useful comparison between different type of devices (personal computers, tables and smart phones). The last section concludes the paper and gives ideas for future work.
2 14 International Journal on Information Technologies & Security, 4, PROBLEM DEFINITION 21st century is the era of digitalization of all kinds of data. Museums and galleries adopt their technologies, work process and sites and digitalize their collections of artefacts. On one hand, all the data is preserved for the future generations in stable and flexible format. But on the other hand, this makes all kinds of cultural heritage data accessible and popularizes inaccessible and distant places and landmarks. Another great asset of digitalization is the reproduction of ruined cities. This approach preserves ruins from daily tourist exhibitions by presenting them remote view of the architectural landmarks. One of the pioneers of virtual reconstructions of monuments is Yiorgos Chrysanthou and his team with their reproduction of the old city of Nicosia [3]. Fig. 1 shows a view from the city of Nicosia. Another good example of virtual museums that contain a 3D tour is the Smithsonian museum of national history [2]. Developers of this site use Google API to create sets of images and join them in panoramic views of the museum halls. There are a few other projects that are implemented similarly to the one before [4, 5]. Fig. 1. Reconstruction of Nicosia by Yiorgos Chrysanthou In 2011 Wolfgang Hurst and Matthias Helder offered a new approach for user interaction in virtual reality environments through mobile devices [6]. Before them, navigation can be described as object-centric or in other words navigation is around the focused object. Their approach is user-centric and the concept is that navigation should be around the user himself. It is suitable for the purpose of the medieval town reconstruction and easy to be implemented. A few years ago, a team from a university in Spain [7] proposed an approach for the visualization of 3D room scenes. The main atomic structures are stored with X3D markup language, which is open software standard for definition of 3D contents. First steps to the virtualization of the Cherven fortress were made by a team from Ruse [8]. This application contains two layers. The first layer is a three
3 International Journal on Information Technologies & Security, 4, dimensional presentation of the fortress implemented with X3D. The second layer is implemented in Java and acts as a presentation layer. Basically, it is a Java applet using the Java OpenGL library for visualization of 3D scenes. This is an appropriate solution for personal computers, because it is compatible with different operation systems and browsers, but the applet is not a good solution for mobile devices. This is because running a Java archive (JAR) on Android operating system requires installation of additional software (JBED) that emulates Java on Android mobile devices. Fig. 2. Architecture of a virtual museum of a medieval fortress 3. PROBLEM SOLUTION Newest technologies like HTML version 5 are widely used to present three dimensional objects on the World Wide Web. One of their goals is to provide a mobile native tool for the visualization of three dimensional scenes. X3DOM is an experimental project of Web 3D Consortium that integrates X3D declarative language into HTML and enables viewing its content. It fits very well the need of front layer of Cherven fortress mostly because it is fast, native and integrates X3D standard within HTML. The front layer for mobile devices uses X3DOM and HTML and the architecture of the virtual museum can be seen in fig. 2. X3DOM is implemented on ios version 4.2 or later and. Most of the browsers (except Internet Explorer) support X3DOM. The proposed solution is to use with static HTML and the content is loaded dynamically. First, the X3D model loads the body of the page and then the X3DOM library initializes all 3D objects. This approach provides the possibility to load at runtime different scenes for different cultural objects without reloading the whole page. X3D content can be
4 16 International Journal on Information Technologies & Security, 4, 2013 edited, too. By utilising this visualization API the user can move objects in the scene or change textures and colours. This can be useful if a development tool for creating 3D objects is going to be implemented. 4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Tests were run on two smart phones and a tablet. Additional test were performed on a personal computer for better comparison between the devices. Table 1 presents all tested devices and some of their characteristics that may influence the test results. Last column presents the time that takes for each device to load the whole X3D model. Device Operating system PC Windows 7 16 GB LG Nexus 4 E960 (smart phone) Samsung Galaxy S Duos S7562 (smart phone) HTC Desire X (smart phone) FoxSky T71GS (tablet) v4.2 v4.0 v4.1 v4.0.4 Table 1.Experimental results RAM CPU GPU Load time 2 GB Intel Core i7-3770k 3.5 GHz Quad-core 1.5 GHz Krait Intel HD Graphics 4000 Adreno ms 4035ms 768 MB 1 GHz Cortex-A5 Adreno ms 768 MB Dual-core 1 GHz Adreno ms 1 GB Allwinner A10 1.2GHz Mali ms Loading time results are average value of 10 independent measurements. The number of other processes running during the tests was minimised to ensure that almost all the CPU time is spend on loading the X3D scene. A part of the loading time is spent for downloading textures from the network. To create reliable test results some restrictions were made. The tests on the personal computer were executed on the server where the application was stored to minimize the network request delays. The tests on the mobile devices were executed in a private network and the application server with the virtual museum was the only computer connected to the Wi-Fi router.
5 International Journal on Information Technologies & Security, 4, Fig. 3. Cherven fortress preview from the smart phones (left image: Samsung Galaxy S Duos S7562; right image: LG Nexus 4 E960) Fig. 3 exhibits the virtual museum visualised on smart phones. Navigation between the buildings is implemented via mouse drag and drop on a personal computers or the equivalent slide functionality on mobile touch screens. The atomic structures that build the whole fortress are triangle faces with a normal vector for each vertex. The most accurate measure for the complexity of the model is the number of vertexes, normal vectors and triangles that build it. In our case the number of vertexes and normal vectors exceeds and the triangle faces are above This is the reason why sometimes during navigations on mobile devices sometimes little delays occur. 5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK This paper presented an approach for the visualization of a virtual model of a medieval town on mobile devices. A flexible application for the visualization and dynamic switching between 3D scenes was designed and implemented. The architecture enables replacing some of the existing technologies with newer or more appropriate ones. The user does not have to install any additional software as all necessary technologies are implemented on modern mobile devices. The examples, presented in this paper, use a Java applet and X3DOM API used to visualize X3D scenes on different devices. Using the described approach one can design an application for the visualization of virtual models of cultural objects, which possesses the following features: cross-platform, cross-browser and compatible with different devices. As a future work, the user interaction within the museum can be organized in more user-friendly way with navigation buttons and menu. More efforts can be put in speeding up the visualisation on some mobile devices. Additional test can be made with kiosks and multi-touch tables. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present paper has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Social Fund under Operational Programme Human Resources
6 18 International Journal on Information Technologies & Security, 4, 2013 Development. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Angel Kanchev University of Ruse and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union or the Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Bulgaria. Project BG051PO Supporting Academic Development of Scientific Personnel in Engineering and Information Science and Technologies REFERENCES [1] Petridis P., I. Dunwell, The Herbert Virtual Museum, Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1 (vol. 8), 2013 [2] Hoyo-Melеndeza J., M. Mecklenburg, An evaluation of daylight distribution as an initial preventive conservation measure at two Smithsonian Institution Museums, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 4 (vol. 14), 2011, pp [3] Charalambous P., Y. Chrysanthou, A. Charalambous, Reconstruction of everyday life in 19th century Nicosia, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Progress in Cultural Heritage Preservation, 2012, pp [4] Carrozzino M., F. Tecchia, M. Bergamasco, The 3D interactive visit to Piazza dei Miracoli, Italy, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology, 2005, pp [5] Herget J., H. Meurs, Reconstructing peak discharges for historic flood levels in the city of Cologne, Global and Planetary Change, 1 (vol. 70), 2010, pp [6] Hurst W., M. Helder, Mobile 3D Graphics and Virtual Reality Interaction, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, 2011 [7] Robles-Ortega M., F. Feito, Web technologies applied to virtual heritage: An example of an Iberian Art Museum, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 3 (vol. 13), 2012, pp [8] Kostadinov S., Vassilev T.I., Modelling the medieval town of Cherven, InfoTech 2013, 2013, pp Information about the authors: Stanislav Dimchev Kostadinov: MSc, PhD student at the Department of Informatics, University of Ruse, Phone: , Е-mail: sdkostadinov@uni-ruse.bg. Dr. Tzvetomir Ivanov Vassilev: Department of Informatics, University of Ruse, Phone: , Е-mail: TVassilev@uni-ruse.bg. Received: 14 October 2013 Revised: 12 November 2013
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