CSE Tue 10/23. Nadir Weibel
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1 CSE Tue 10/23 Nadir Weibel
2 Today Admin Project Assignment #3 Mini Quiz Eye-Tracking Wearable Trackers and Quantified Self
3 Project Assignment #3
4 Mini Quiz on Week 3 On Google Classroom
5 Eye-Tracking Credits: Wen-Hung Liao, Antti Aaltonen, Andrew Duchowsky, Sean Burke, Pavan Kumar, Sneha Venkatesh Yelimeli and Brian Anderson
6 Eye Tracking Device An eye tracker is a device for measuring eye positions and eye movements. The most popular variant uses video images from which the eye position is extracted. Input source: visible spectrum vs. infrared
7 Physiology of Eye Cornea is a transparent structure that covers the iris and pupil; a part of the focusing system of an eye. Pupil is the adjustable opening at the center of the iris that allows varying amounts of light to enter the eye. Lens helps to focus light on the retina. Retina includes rods (94%), which are sensitive to light and cones (6%) that capture colors. Cones are concentrated in the centre of the retina - the fovea
8 Eye Movements Eyes move all the time (even during sleep) Several different movement types, such as Pursuit Tremor Rotation Drift But the most interesting types are Fixation Saccade
9 Fixation Eye is a (relatively) still and fixated to the certain point. E.g. reading a single word. All the information from the scene is (mainly) acquired during fixation. Duration varies from ms, typically ms. Typical fixation frequency is < 3 Hz Interspersed with saccades...
10 Saccade Jumps which connect fixations Very rapid -- duration is typically only ms Very fast (up to 600 o /s) and therefore the vision system is suppressed during the movement Ballistic; the end point of saccade cannot be changed during the movement Saccades are used to move the fixation point If larger than 30 degree movement is required, head moves along with eyes
11 Eye Movements Eye movements are typically divided into fixations (when the eye gaze pauses in a certain position) and saccades (when it moves to another position).
12 Eye Tracking Methods Electronic methods Mechanical methods Video-based methods Single point Two point
13 Eye Tracking Techniques Electro-OculoGraphy (EOG) Scleral Contact Lens / Search Coil Photo/ Video-OculoGraphy (POG) Video-Based Combined Pupil / Corneal Reflection Eye Tracking Methodology - Theory and Practice, Second Edition by Andrew Duchowski
14 Some terms Accuracy The expected difference in degrees of visual angle between true eye position and mean computed eye position during a fixation. Because of the vision system and physiology of eye the accuracy is usually O. Spatial Resolution The smallest change in eye position that can be measured. Temporal Resolution (sampling rate) Number of recorded eye positions per second.
15 Eye Tracking Calibration Calibration Process Eye Tracking Methodology - Theory and Practice, Second Edition by Andrew Duchowski Systems and methods of eye tracking calibration - US A1
16 State-of-the-art Eye tracking Technology
17 ASL 4000-series (1996) Main components Floor mounted optics Control unit 2 computers (control & subject) Head movements (partially) compensated with tracking mirrors and extended head movement options Temporal resolution 50 Hz Spatial resolution 0.5O Tracks only one eye Poor analysing software and no API
18 SMI EyeLink (1999) Contains Head mounted optics 2 computers (control & subject) Temporal resolution 250 Hz Spatial resolution <0.01O Tracks both eyes Reasonable analysis software WIN API s for Microsoft Visual C++
19 Present Technology Tabletop User must be semi-stationary Approx USD 30,000 No API for development Tabletop Wearables Google Glass (?) Tobii, SMI Wearables
20 Smart Phone Samsung Smart Stay Scrolls when viewing edge of screen Pauses when looking away Uses front-facing camera Amazon Fire Phone Dynamic Perspective Eye/Head Tracking
21 Eyetribe Eye Tracker Features Camera, multiple infrared LEDs Band-pass filter Operating Range: 45-75cm USB 3.0 Superspeed Other Eye Trackers API/ SDK: C++, C#, Java Cost: $99
22 Tobii EyeX + 4C
23 Tobii
24 Applications
25 Overview Computer Science Cognitive Science Psychology Neuroscience
26 Usability Study
27 Driving Behavior [Andrew T. Duchowski]
28 Gaming
29 CS - Selective Systems Eye tracker as input device o o Explicit - eg. eye typing Implicit - eg. MAGIC pointing
30 Character Input EyeWrite [Andrew T. Duchowski]
31 CS - Gaze Contingent Display Real time display manipulation to match eye gaze o o o Screen based Model based Attentive UIs
32 Psychology Reading patterns Word fixation and scanning Spritz - Full Product o Reduce need for scanning
33 Assistive Technology: LIS
34 Wearable Trackers
35 The Future of YOU
36 Next Steps Readings to discuss on Thursday Technical Paper: Roda, Claudia, and Julie Thomas. "Attention aware systems: Theories, applications, and research agenda. Design Paper: Dow, Steven, Blair MacIntyre, Jaemin Lee, Christopher Oezbek, Jay David Bolter, and Maribeth Gandy. "Wizard of Oz support throughout an iterative design process.
37 Wizard of Oz Prototyping
38 Optional Papers A. Duchowski, "A breadth-first survey of eye-tracking applications." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 34.4 (2002): E.K. Choe, N. B. Lee, Bongshin Lee, W. Pratt, and J. A. Kientz."Understanding quantified-selfers' practices in collecting and exploring personal data". CHI D. MacLean, A. Roseway, and M. Czerwinski. "MoodWings: a wearable biofeedback device for real-time stress intervention". PETRA 2013.]
39 Next Steps Submit your reading-summary and annotations by Thu 12.30pm Read/Annotate all papers Assignment #3
40 Thanks
CSE Thu 10/22. Nadir Weibel
CSE 118 - Thu 10/22 Nadir Weibel Today Admin Teams : status? Web Site on Github (due: Sunday 11:59pm) Evening meetings: presence Mini Quiz Eye-Tracking Mini Quiz on Week 3-4 http://goo.gl/forms/ab7jijsryh
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