CURRICULUM VITAE. Centre for Economic and Social Studies Nizamiah Observatory Campus Begumpet HYDERABAD Indian

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1 CURRICULUM VITAE NAME Niranjan Rao CALINDI PERSONAL INFORMATION OFFICE Nationality Centre for Economic and Social Studies Nizamiah Observatory Campus Begumpet HYDERABAD India T: F E: Indian EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS Ph D (Economics) from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi in Title of thesis: Patents and Technological Progress in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India. M Phil (Economics) from University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad in Title of dissertation: Import of Power Equipment: Its Impact on Indigenous Industry. M A (Economics) from University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad in B A (Economics and Mathematics) from Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad in PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Working as Fellow (Reader/Associate Professor) in Centre for Economic and Social Studies, (CESS), Hyderabad since April Worked as Consultant, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, (ICRIER), New Delhi, from November 2002 to March Worked as Consultant, Research and Information System for the Non-aligned and Other 1

2 Developing Countries, (RIS), New Delhi, during August 2000 to August Worked as Consultant, Research and Information System for the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries, (RIS), New Delhi, from February 1999 to August Worked as Associate Fellow, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, (ICRIER), New Delhi, during Worked as Research Associate, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, (ICRIER), New Delhi, during Worked as Research Assistant, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, (ICRIER), New Delhi, during Worked as Project Associate, Administrative Staff College of India, (ASCI), Hyderabad during Visiting Fellow Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics (IQTE), Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), Beijing, as Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) Exchange Fellow, December 2014 January BRICS Policy Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as Visiting Fellow during November University of Quebec at Montreal/McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada as Visiting Fellow during September February Economic Growth Center, Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA as Fulbright Fellow during September February United Nations University Institute for New Technologies, (UNU-INTECH), Maastricht, The Netherlands as Visiting Fellow during April-June Consultancies World Intellectual Property Organization, (WIPO), Geneva, June 2007 March United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, (UNESCAP), Bangkok, January-April Oxfam India, New Delhi, January April

3 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, (UNCTAD), Geneva, November January United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, (UNCTAD), Geneva April-June RESEARCH EXPERIENCE Technological Cooperation among BRICS Countries: Problems and Prospects. This ongoing projects aims to understand the need for and obstacles for technological cooperation among BRICS countries. The central question is whether these countries can translate their manufacturing advantage to that of generation of technology. We would study a few sectors as a case study.. (Funded by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad.) Product Patents for Pharmaceutical Inventions: The Indian Experience. This ongoing study deals with three aspects of the introduction of product patents for pharmaceuticals in India, as required by the TRIPS agreement. The first aspect looks at the so-called transition period from 1994 to We study how the private sector pharmaceutical industry in India used this transition period. The second aspect is a study of the pharmaceutical product patent applications filed during period under the so-called mail-box provisions of the TRIPS agreement. The database for this is the one published by the Indian patent office. The analysis includes the product patents issued in various therapeutic classes, ownership pattern and country of origin. The third aspect deals with the full fledged product patent regime in place since Our focus again is the behaviour of the private sector pharmaceutical industry in India, especially their R&D strategies and their focus on molecular biology based pharmaceuticals. The data for this study is both secondary i.e., firm level data from commercial databases; and primary i.e., interviews with Indian private sector pharmaceutical firms. (Funded by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad.) Strengthening Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology Innovation: Learning from a System Dynamics Synthesis. This ongoing study examines three aspects of agricultural biotechnology, which are relevant for developing country agriculture. These are prices of final products of an invention; the technological appropriateness of inventions made in developed countries for developing country agriculture; and technological capability building in agricultural biotechnology in developing countries. The tools of system dynamics are used to understand these issues. (University of Quebec at Montreal and Centre for Intellectual Property Policy, McGill University, Montreal). 3

4 Privatizing Public Resources: Patents and Public R&D. India is contemplating The Public Funded R&D (Protection, Utilisation and Regulation of Intellectual Property) Bill, This ongoing study deals with the basic economic argument for the existence of the patent system and its applicability for public funded research and development. It looks at the question whether this bill is an attempt at privatizing public resources. (Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad). Indian Patent System: An Empirical Analysis This ongoing study is an empirical exploration of the Indian patent system for the years This is based on a database of about 50,000 patent specifications accepted by the Indian patent office between 1972 and Here the characteristics of the patentees (divided into three groups of individuals, firms and others); patent renewal patterns; using Yale technology concordance to identify the industries in which patents are being taken are explored. (Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad). A Comparative Analysis of the Patent Systems of the BRICS Countries: This paper makes a comparative analysis of the patent systems of the five BRICS countries, viz., Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. We discuss patent histories, the pre TRIPS patent laws, post TRIPS patent laws, and an analysis of the domestic patent application data. These countries have diverse backgrounds and their present performance is modest, except China whose dramatic increase in domestic patent applications since 2000 is not yet fully understood or explained. (BRICS Policy Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro). Long-term trends in Patent Applications in India : This paper makes a case for patent applications as an indicator of inventions and looks at the trends in Indian and foreign patent applications in India for the 62 year period covering 1948 to These trends are explained through major events in the Indian economy. (Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad). Indian Patent System: An Empirical Analysis This study is an empirical exploration of the Indian patent system for the years This is an extension and up gradation of the Ph D thesis submitted in This is based on a database of about 20,000 patent specifications accepted by the Indian patent office between 1992 and Here the characteristics of the patentees (divided into three groups of individuals, firms and others); patent renewal patterns; using Yale technology concordance to identify the industries in which patents are being taken are explored. (World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Geneva). Implication of Intellectual Property Protection on Technological Development, Particularly in the Field of Information and Communication Technologies. This paper attempts to study the relationship between patents and other intellectual property rights and technological developments in the information and communication technologies. The information and communication technologies considered are computer hardware, computer software, telecommunications hardware and Internet sectors. (United Nations Economic and Social 4

5 Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok) TRIPs and Public Health. This study is an attempt to look at the impact of TRIPs agreement and the Doha Declaration on the public health scenario and pharmaceutical Industry in India. It evaluated and interpreted Article 31 of the TRIPs agreement and the Doha declaration, and the possible impact the Pharmaceutical industry in India, technological capability of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. (OXFAM India, New Delhi) Geographical Indications in the Indian Context: The Case of Darjeeling Tea. This study explores the question of enhanced protection for all geographical indications, instead of only to wines and spirits as the present TRIPs agreement provides. India is asking for enhanced protection for all geographical indications because it has some geographical indications, which are important in its international trade. We studied the benefits of enhanced protection for all geographical indications with a case study of Darjeeling tea. (Ratan Tata Trust, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi) The International Patent System: An Empirical Analysis. This project was an empirical analysis of the international patent system. It was based on WIPO s annual publication Industrial Property Statistics. It puts together data on resident and non-resident patent applications and grants for a number of countries and links them to macro economic variables like GDP, trade and investment. This project was funded by the World Intellectual Property Organization, Geneva. (Research and Information System for the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries, New Delhi) Patents and Technological Progress in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India. This thesis is an empirical analysis of the Indian patent system during This is based on a database of about 35,000 patent specifications accepted by the Indian patent office between 1972 and There is a statistical profile of the Indian patent system. Firm level behavior of patenting in India including a patent-r&d knowledge production function and analysis of patent renewals. (Submitted as Ph D thesis at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi) Institutional Capacity Building to Deal with the Implications of TRIPs for the Industrial and Technological Development: Case Study of India. This study deals with the legislative and institutional analysis of the process of the implementation of TRIPs agreement in India. It covers all the intellectual property rights viz., patents, designs, trademarks, copyright, plant variety protection, layout designs and geographical indications. It discusses the positive and negative implications of TRIPs. (United Nations Economic and Social Council for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok) Transfer of Technology for Successful Integration in the Global Economy: The Case of Pharmaceutical Industry in India. This study seeks to understand the technological underpinnings of the export performance of the Indian pharmaceutical industry during the 1990s. It involves both a sector level study and a firm level case study. (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva) 5

6 Patent and Plant Variety Protection in the Post-Uruguay Round Period. This study funded by United Nations Development Program, New Delhi was to study the issues arising out of the introduction of plant variety protection regime in India as a result of India's acceptance of the TRIPs agreement in the Uruguay Round. The legal issues being studied are the UPOV convention, the TRIPs agreement and the draft Indian act. The study also deals with the structure of the Indian seed industry, the nature of its agricultural R&D and the institutional regime governing its agriculture. (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi) Implications of Adapting National Intellectual Property Rights Laws and Institutional Arrangements to the TRIPs Provisions: A Case Study of India. This study dealt with the legal and institutional adjustments needed and the costs involved in the intellectual property regime in India as a result of the TRIPs Agreement. (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva) Indo-US Economic Cooperation: Optimizing Relations. This study dealt with various aspects of economic relations between India and the USA. I was involved in the sub-sector study on software and telecommunications services. Here we analyzed the past trends and determinants of Indo-US service trade and the future prospects and potential. (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi) Patents and Developing Countries. While visiting UNU-INTECH worked on the methodological questions and conceptual framework of my Ph D topic. The research problem was the relation between patent system and technological progress in a developing country, given the nature of technological change in these countries. (United Nations University Institute for New Technologies, Maastricht, The Netherlands) Post-Uruguay Round Scenario. This study attempted to evaluate the possible outcomes of selected negotiating subjects of the Uruguay Round. Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights was one of negotiating subjects studied. The Draft Act, which was submitted at the Uruguay Round in December 1991, was also analyzed. (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi) Corporate Savings in India: The study dealt with corporate savings behavior and its relation with corporate profits, corporate dividends, and corporate investments etc. (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi) Linkages of Iron and Steel Industry in India. The study deals with identification and measurement of backward and forward linkages of a basic industry like iron and steel, in order to assess the impact of heavy industrialisation strategy on India's industrialisation. It concludes that iron and steel industry in India has failed to generate viable backward and forward linkages and hence had marginal impact on industrialisation. (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi) 6

7 Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Negotiating Strategy for India. The Study dealt with the developed country proposals made at the Uruguay Round for a GATT based approach to Intellectual property rights (IPRs). Focusing on patents, copyrights and trademarks, the study examined the developed country proposals within the context of the Indian intellectual property laws and the consequences of a GATT based approach to IPRs. It concluded that a GATT based approach would entail fundamental changes in intellectual property laws, which will have adverse consequences for developing countries like India. (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi) Socio-economic Survey of Mula and Kukadi Command Areas in Maharashtra. The Study involved extensive field survey to identify the impact of irrigation on the living standards of farmers. (Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad) Import of Power Equipment: Its Impact on Indigenous Industry. The study dealt with the impact of power equipment imports on the indigenous technological development of the industry. The reasons for the continued import of power equipment were analyzed. The import had an effect on capacity utilisation and therefore, on technology absorption. Some reasons for the lack of indigenous technological progress and lack of encouragement to local technology were considered. (Submitted as M Phil dissertation to the University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad) 7

8 PUBLICATIONS Long-term Trends in Patent Applications in India, , Economic and Political Weekly, vol 47, no 41, October 13, 2012, (pp.69-73). Information Technology Sector in Andhra Pradesh, in S Mahendra Dev, C Ravi and M Venkatanarayana (eds), Human Development in Andhra Pradesh: Experience, Issues and Challenges, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad, 2009, (pp ). TRIPs and Public Health, in P Dasgupta (ed), The WTO at the Crossroads, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2009, (pp ). Economic Development and Patenting Behaviour, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 43, no 23, June 7, 2008, (pp.39-46), (with B Dhar). Patents and Pharmaceuticals in India, [Book Review: S Chaudhuri [2005]: The WTO and India s Pharmaceutical Industry: Patent Protection, TRIPs and Developing Countries, Oxford University Press, New Delhi], Economic and Political Weekly, vol 41, no 20, May 20, 2006, (pp ). Para 6 of WTO Doha Declaration: Non-Solution of TRIPs Problem, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 41, no 4, January 28, 2006, (pp ). Geographical Indications in Indian Context: A Case Study of Darjeeling Tea, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 40, no 42, October 15, 2005, (pp ). Third Amendment to Patents Act: Reflections on a TRIPs-Compliant Law, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 40, no 15, April 9, 2005, (pp ), (with B Dhar). Implications of Intellectual Property Protection on Technological Development, particularly in the field of Information and Communication Technology, in Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), Strengthening institutional capacity to promote investment and transfer of technology with special emphasis on information and communication technology, United Nations, New York, 2004, (pp ), (ST/ESCAP/2340). Third Amendment to 1970 Patent Act: An Analysis, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 39, no 52, December 25, 2004, (pp ), (with B Dhar). Indian Seed System and Plant Variety Protection, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 39, no 8, February 21, 2004, (pp ). 8

9 A Case Study of the Pharmaceutical Industry in India, in United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Transfer of Technology for Successful Integration into the Global Economy, United Nations, New York, 2003, (pp ), (UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/2003/6), (with B Dhar). International Negotiations on Transfer of Technology, in N Boppanna (ed), Economic Reforms and Perspectives: Recent Developments in Indian Economy, Serials Publications, Delhi, 2003, (pp ). Transfer of Technology for Successful Integration into the Global Economy: The Case of the Pharmaceutical Industry in India, (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva), United Nations, New York, 2002, (UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/Misc.22), (with B Dhar). Patents for Biotechnology Inventions in TRIPs, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 37, no 22, June 1, 2002, (pp ). Institutional Capacity-Building to Deal with the Implications of TRIPs for Industrial and Technological Development: Case Study of India, (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok), United Nations, New York, 2001, (ST/ESCAP/2188), (with B Dhar). Plant Breeders and Farmers in the New Intellectual Property Regime: Conflict of Interests in S Shantharam and J F Montgomery (eds), Biotechnology, Biosafety, and Biodiversity: Scientific and Ethical Issues for Sustainable Development, Science Publishers Inc, Enfield NH, 1999, (pp ), (with B Dhar). Indian Seed Industry and Plant Variety Protection, in R P Singh (ed), Implications of GATT/WTO on Agriculture and Rural Development, National Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad, 1998, (pp.44-55). Intellectual Property Rights: The Impact of TRIPs, Chartered Accountant, vol 46, no 8, February 1998, (pp.20-24). Plant Variety Protection and Plant Biotechnology Patents: Options for India, Legal Adjustments and Reforms for Globalising the Economy (LARGE) Policy Paper No. 29, Allied Publishers Ltd, New Delhi, Contributed to UNCTAD [1997]: The TRIPs Agreement and Developing Countries, United Nations, New York, (UNCTAD/ITE/1). 9

10 Trade Relatedness of Intellectual Property Rights: Finding the Real Connections, Science Communication: An Interdisciplinary Social Science Journal, (Washington DC) vol 17, no 3, March 1996, pp (with B Dhar), [translated into Spanish, La Vinculacion de los Derecnos de Propiedad Intelectual con el Commercio in C M Correa (ed), Propiedad Intelectual en el GATT, Ediciones Ciudad Argentina, Buenos Aires, 1997, (pp ).] Patent System and Pharmaceutical Sector, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 28, no 40, October 2, 1993, (pp ), (with B Dhar). Dunkel Draft: Critique of Government's Interpretation, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 28, no 35, August 28, 1993, (pp ). Dunkel Draft on TRIPs: Complete Denial of Developing Countries' Interests, Economic and Political Weekly, (Bombay) vol 27, no 6, February 8, 1992, pp (with B Dhar), [a revised version published as The Dunkel Draft on TRIPs: An Assessment in K R G Nair and A Kumar (eds), Intellectual Property Rights, Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 1994, pp ] Recent Developments in International Patent System, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 24, nos 51-52, December 23-30, 1989, pp Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: Question of Patents, Economic and Political Weekly, vol 24, no 19, May 13, 1989, pp