Section 2: Properties of Sound (p. 539)
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1 Section 2: Properties of Sound (p. 539) Name an example of each of the following from your everyday life. 1. a soft sound: 2. a loud sound: 3. a high-pitched sound: 4. a low-pitched sound: The Speed of Sound Depends on the Medium (p. 539) 5. How quickly a sound reaches your ears depends on how loud it is. True or False? (Circle one.) 6. How quickly a sound reaches your ears depends on the medium through which the sound is traveling. True or False? (Circle one.) 7. What did Chuck Yeager accomplish in 1947? 8. In general, as the medium cools, the speed of sound. (increases or decreases) 9. When particles slow down a. they transmit energy more quickly. b. they transmit energy more slowly. c. they gain kinetic energy. d. None of the above Pitch Depends on Frequency (p. 540) 10. In a guitar, pitch is NOT related to a. the frequency of the sound wave. b. the thickness of the guitar string. c. the number of sound waves produced in a given time. d. how far away the guitar is from your ear. 156 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
2 11. Of the animals shown in the graph on page 541: a. Which animal can hear sounds with the highest pitch? b. Which animal can hear sounds with the lowest pitch? CHAPTER What frequencies of sound are infrasonic? 13. Name two applications of ultrasonic waves. 14. Look at the Biology Connection on page 541. What is a kidney stone? a. a bone inside your kidney b. a kidney-shaped rock used in ultrasound c. an ancient tool used to harvest kidney beans d. a calcium-salt deposit in kidneys 15. The Doppler effect does NOT affect how sound is perceived by a. a pedestrian when a honking driver speeds by. b. a driver who honks while speeding by a pedestrian. c. a person sitting in a parked car when a driver honks as he speeds by. d. a driver speeding past a person who honks the horn of his parked car. DIRECTED READING WORKSHEETS 157
3 Loudness Is Related to Amplitude (p. 542) Choose the term in Column B that best matches the definition in Column A. Write your answer in the space provided. Column A 16. the unit used to express how loud or soft a sound is perceived 17. how loud or soft a sound is perceived 18. the maximum distance the particles in a wave vibrate from their rest positions Column B a. decibel b. loudness c. amplitude Use the three diagrams of sounds graphed on the oscilloscopes below to answer questions a. b. c. 19. Which has the lowest frequency? 20. Which has the smallest amplitude? 21. Which has the highest frequency? 22. Which has the largest amplitude? 23. In oscilloscope (b) above, does the left edge of the graph represent a compression, a rarefaction, or neither? 158 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
4 Section 2: Properties of Sound (p. 539) Name an example of each of the following from your everyday life. Accept all reasonable answers. Samples are given. 1. a soft sound: 2. a loud sound: 3. a high-pitched sound: 4. a low-pitched sound: a person whispering a jackhammer being used a bird chirping a person playing the tuba The Speed of Sound Depends on the Medium (p. 539) 5. How quickly a sound reaches your ears depends on how loud it is. True or False? (Circle one.) 6. How quickly a sound reaches your ears depends on the medium through which the sound is traveling. True or False? (Circle one.) 7. What did Chuck Yeager accomplish in 1947? He became the first person to fly faster than the speed of sound. 8. In general, as the medium cools, the speed of sound decreases. (increases or decreases) 9. When particles slow down a. they transmit energy more quickly. b. they transmit energy more slowly. c. they gain kinetic energy. d. None of the above Pitch Depends on Frequency (p. 540) 10. In a guitar, pitch is NOT related to a. the frequency of the sound wave. b. the thickness of the guitar string. c. the number of sound waves produced in a given time. d. how far away the guitar is from your ear. 156 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
5 11. Of the animals shown in the graph on page 541: a. Which animal can hear sounds with the highest pitch? a bat b. Which animal can hear sounds with the lowest pitch? a dog CHAPTER What frequencies of sound are infrasonic? Sounds with frequencies lower than 20 Hz are infrasonic. 13. Name two applications of ultrasonic waves. Sample answers: cleaning jewelry; removing ice from airplane wings, car windshields, and freezers; and breaking kidney stones into smaller pieces 14. Look at the Biology Connection on page 541. What is a kidney stone? a. a bone inside your kidney b. a kidney-shaped rock used in ultrasound c. an ancient tool used to harvest kidney beans d. a calcium-salt deposit in kidneys 15. The Doppler effect does NOT affect how sound is perceived by a. a pedestrian when a honking driver speeds by. b. a driver who honks while speeding by a pedestrian. c. a person sitting in a parked car when a driver honks as he speeds by. d. a driver speeding past a person who honks the horn of his parked car. DIRECTED READING WORKSHEETS 157
6 Loudness Is Related to Amplitude (p. 542) Choose the term in Column B that best matches the definition in Column A. Write your answer in the space provided. a b c Column A 16. the unit used to express how loud or soft a sound is perceived 17. how loud or soft a sound is perceived 18. the maximum distance the particles in a wave vibrate from their rest positions Column B a. decibel b. loudness c. amplitude Use the three diagrams of sounds graphed on the oscilloscopes below to answer questions a. b. c. 19. Which has the lowest frequency? b 20. Which has the smallest amplitude? b 21. Which has the highest frequency? a 22. Which has the largest amplitude? c 23. In oscilloscope (b) above, does the left edge of the graph represent a compression, a rarefaction, or neither? It represents a compression. Review (p. 544) Now that you ve finished Section 2, review what you learned by answering the Review questions in your ScienceLog. 158 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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